Learning about Language教学设计第二课时

Book Two第四单元重要知识点

词汇学习重要点

1. protection: n. 保护

protect: v. 保护

If we protect the earth, we are protecting ourselves.

2. wild: 野生的，

野的，未开发的，荒凉的

Some wild flowers are growing on that hill.

3. habitat: n. 栖息地，自然环境

The panda’s habitats are Sichuan, Shanxi and Gansu.

4. threaten: v. 恐吓，威胁

threat : n. 恐吓，威胁

The man threatened to blow up the plane if he wasn’t given 100,000 dollars.

5. decrease: v. 减少，变小，变少

reduce: v. 减少，

缩小，降低

increase: v. 增加，提高，增长

1)The sales of the apartments have been decreasing in the last five months.

2)The sales of the apartments have decreased by 60%.

3)They have increased the price of oil by 15%.

4)He has increased the price of the coat to 20 pounds.

6. endanger: v. 危害，使危险

danger: n. 危险

1)The poor light will endanger your eyes. 2)This mistake will endanger her future. 3)The environment has endangered many wild animals.

7. die out: 灭亡，逐渐消失，死绝

★

die from: 因…而死

(外部原因)

★

die of:

因…而死(内部原因)

(of常代替from) 1)Lots of wildlife will die out in the next 100 years. 2)The four brothers all died of lung cancer. 3)The scientist died from overwork/an accident.

8. loss: n. 损失，遗失，丧失

lose—lost—lost: v. 丢失，遗失

★

suffer a (heavy) loss: 遭受(重大)损失

In the war our enemy suffered a (heavy) loss.

9. reserve: n. 保护区

deserve: v. 应得到，应受到，值得

1)Many animals live in that nature reserve.

2)The hero deserved a holiday/medal.

10.hunt: 打猎，猎取，搜寻

★

hunt for: 寻找

★

go hunting: 去打猎

11. zone: 地域，地带，地区

part: 地区，零件，部分

area: 地区，面积

place: 地方，放(v.)

12. in peace: 和平地，和睦地，安详地

peaceful:

peacefully: The people there live in peace.

13. in danger (of): 在危险中，垂危

She doesn’t know that she is in danger.

14. species (单复数同) : 种类，物种

1) This is a strange species of car/snake. 2) Millions of species have disappeared from the earth in the last century.

15. respond: v. 回答，响应，反应

★

respond to…: 对…作出回答/响应/反应

answer…: 回答

1)They haven’t responded to my letter.

2)They haven’t answered my letter.

3)I will answer your question later.

1 16. distant: 远的，远处的，遥远的，远房的

distance: n. 距离

★

in the distance:

在远处

1)The farmers live in a distant village. 2)The woman is my distant/close relative.

17. fur: 毛皮，毛，软毛

skin: (人/动物的)皮，皮肤

18. relief: n. 减轻，解除

★in relief: 如释重负，松了口气

★to one’s relief: 使某人轻松的是

★

(much/quite) to one’s (great) relief:

使某人很轻松的是

1)This medicine will give you some relief. 2)To my relief, there is nothing wrong with my father. 3)The workers are in relief.

19. laughter: n. 笑，笑声

★

burst into tears/laughter:

大哭/笑

★

burst out crying/laughing:

大哭/笑

At the news, they burst into laughter.

20. mercy: n. 仁慈，宽恕，怜悯

★

have mercy on…= show mercy to…: 可怜，怜惜

★

at the mercy of …:

由…控制/摆布

★

leave sb/sth to the mercy of

= leave sb/sth to one's mercy:

吃某人的苦头，任凭某人宰割

1)The boss showed no mercy to poor people. 2)We are at the mercy of the manager.

21. certain: 确定的，一定，某，某些

★Sb be certain/sure of/about…: 某人相信/确信

★Sb be certain/sure to do…:

某人肯定做什么

★Sb be certain/sure that…:某人相信/确信…

★

It be certain that …:

…是肯定的

1)It is certain that we will make progress. 2)He is certain/sure of the result. 3)We are certain/sure that she will come here for the information.

a certain student/country: 某个学生/国家

some student/country: 某个学生/国家

certain students/countries: 某些学生/国家

22. importance: n. 重要，重要性

important: 重要的

★

be of some/great/much/little/no value to…:

对…有/无价值

【use, help, importance也可这样用。】

English is of great importance to a pilot.

= English is very important to a pilot.

23. rub (rubbed, rubbing): v. 擦，摩擦

★

rub on/against: 在…上摩擦

1)She rubbed the table with a cloth. 2)The tire/tyre must be rubbing on/against the engine.

24. protect…from…: 保护…不受/免遭…

★prevent/keep/stop… from doing…:

阻止/防止某人做什么

1)You must protect the sheep from the cold. 2)We will prevent the man from running away/ being killed.

25. contain: v. 包含，容忍，容纳

contain: 包含，含有。【侧重包含所含之物的的全部内容。

还常指一具体东西或物质的内容，含量

】

include: 包含，包括。

【侧重包括之物的一部分。侧重：范围。】

【including: 介词。included：过去分词】

1)The book contains all kinds of world records.

2)This textbook contains 5 lessons.

3)What does the medicine contain?

4)Sea water contains salt.

5)This bottle contains three glasses of beer.

6)The hall can contain/hold/seat 5000 people.

7)The parcel contains a dictionary. (包裹里只有1本词典)

8)The parcel includes a dictionary.

(包裹里除了1本词典外还有其它东西)

include

included

including 1)Their culture and history are included in the book. 2)Does the price include tax? 3)My job does not include cleaning the WC. 4)Her hobbies include swimming and gardening. 5)Our trip included a visit to Paris. 6)In the fire 128 people were killed, including the mayor. 7)In the fire 128 people were killed, the mayor included.

26. affect: v. 影响，感动，侵袭

effect: n. 作用，影响

effort: n. 努力，尝试

★

have an/no effect on/upon…: 对…有/无影响

★

make an/no effort to do…:

努力/不努力做…

1)Smoking will affect your health. 2)Smoking will have an effect on your health. 3)We are deeply affected by her story.

27. attention: n./u. 注意，注意力，关注

★pay (much/more/no)attention to + 名词/doing:

注意，专心

★draw/attract/catch/hold one’s attention:

吸引/引起某人的注意

1)You must pay more/no attention to the naughty boys. 2)We should pay attention to drawing

the picture. 3)She will try to attract your attention.

28. appreciate: v. 鉴赏，欣赏，感激，意识到，明白

★

appreciate doing…: 感激做什么

1)He will appreciate the good wine/painting. 2)She will appreciate your help. 3)We shall appreciate hearing from you again.

4)I appreciate that you are working hard.

★

appreciate/like/love/prefer/hate/dislike+ it …:

感激/喜欢/痛恨

（it 代替后面的if, when等句子）1)I’d appreciate it

if you wouldn’t mention it. 2)I would prefer it if you didn’t tell anyone about my marriage. 3)She just loves it when you bring her a gift.

2 4)We hate it when there is too much rain in winter.

29. succeed: v. 成功，接替，继任

★

succeed in (sth/doing…):

成功

★

be successful in (sth/doing…):

成功

be a success:

是成功者/事

1)He succeeded in getting the job.

2)You will succeed in (doing) the research.

3)Who will succeed Barack Obama as president of the USA?

4)As a businessman, he is a success.

30.secure: 安全的，安心的，可靠的，牢固的，稳固的

1)The city is secure/safe from attack. 2)The door is secure. 3)The girl felt secure/safe near her mother. 4)She wants to get a secure job/income.

31. income: n. 收入

1)My income in a month is about 500 pounds.

2)He is a person on high/low incomes.

32. employ: v. 雇用，利用（时间，精力等）

fire/dismiss: v. 解雇

★

be employed in doing…: 忙于，从事于

1)The company employed more men than women. 2)I will employ Kate as my secretary. 3)She will employ a girl to drive the truck. 4)The police employed force to break up the crowd.

33. harm: v./n. 损害，危害，伤害

★

do harm to sb = do sb harm: 伤害

1)Getting up early will not harm you. 2)The boy was harmed in the big fire. 3)He did harm to his wife yesterday.

麋鹿：头脸像马、角像鹿、颈像骆驼、尾像驴，因此得名四不像,原产于中国长江中下游沼泽地带，以青草和水草为食物。性好合群,善游泳,喜欢以嫩草和水生植物为食。曾经广布于东亚地区。后来由于自然气候变化和人为因素,在汉朝末年就近乎绝种。元朝时，为了以供游猎，残余的麋鹿被捕捉运到皇家猎苑内饲养。到19世纪时,只剩在北京南海子皇家猎苑内一群。在西方发现后不久被八国联军捕捉并从此在中国消失。直到1898年被英国购买并繁殖到255头，并在1983年将部分个体送回中国。之后有更多的麋鹿回归家乡,并有部分被放生野外。截至2011年8月,江苏盐城大丰湿地麋鹿总数达1789头;2013年6月,湖北石首市天鹅洲麋鹿保护区麋鹿总数达1016头。

34. bite (bit, bitten): v. 咬，叮，吞饵，刺痛

beat---beat—beaten: 打，跳动

1)Be careful. The dog bites. 2)His dog bit me on the leg this morning. 3)Have a bath at once, or you will be bitten by mosquitoes. 4)The boy bit a piece out of the apple. 5)Today the fish didn’t bite.

35. come into being: 形成，产生

When did the universe come into being?

36. county: 县，郡

country: 国家;农村

district: 区

Bishan County/District: 璧山县/区

37. inspect: v. 检查，查看，视察

1)Nobody inspected my ticket at the entrance. 2)Our president will inspect the troops tomorrow.

38. unexpected: 没料到的，

意外的

expect: v. 希望，期望

We had six unexpected guests last weekend.

39. incident: n. 事件，事变

accident: 事故;意外事件

event: 大事; 重要事件; 比赛项目

40. according to…: 按照，根据…所说

1)According to Mike, you are completely wrong. 2)According to my record, he owes me 700 dollars.

41. disappearance: n. 消失，失踪，灭绝

disappear: v. 消失，失踪，灭绝

appear: v. 出现，视乎

appearance：n. 出现，外表，外观

42. so that + 句子: 以致于，结果；为了= in order that 1)She turned up the radio, so that all of us heard the news. 2)She turned up the radio so that all of us could hear the news.

43. ending: n. (电影/戏剧/故事等的)结局，结尾

1)Children like films with happy endings. 2)All letters has a start and an ending.

44. faithfully: 忠诚地，忠实地

Yours faithfully/Sincerely.

(信末的客套话) 其余部分重要点

1. left : 剩下。修饰名词或代词，位置在后。

the remaining….: 剩下的….

1)I have 2 dollars left in my pocket. 2)I will buy a toy with the remaining money/the money left. 3)I will buy a toy with the remaining seven pounds.

2. in

after

later

（在…时间后）

1)The expert will attend a meeting in six days.

2)The expert will attend a meeting after 10 o'clock. 3)The expert attended a meeting after 10 o'clock. 4)The expert attended a meeting after six days/six days later.

3. at + 名词：

因…而…, 见到/听到…而…

at that:

因为/听到那个，于是，接着

1)At that the old woman burst out crying. 2)At the bad news, my grandmother burst into tears. 3)She gave us a smile and at that she entered her car.

3 4. day after day = every day：每天, 天天

day by day = from day to day: 一天一天地

【week, month, year 用法同。】

We plant trees year after year, and they are growing taller year by year.

5. sell: 销售，卖出

1)This type of air-conditioner is of good quality and sells very well. 2)My house sold for 460,000 dollars last year. 3)The new car didn’t sell last month. 4)Her old computer was sold to a student called Mike.

6.

by: 表示程度，数量等的增减

to: 表示程度，数量等增减到多少

【increase, reduce, decrease】

1)He increased the price of the fan by 15 dollars/30%. 2)He increased the price of the fan to 15 dollars. 3)If the temperature on Earth rises by 5 degrees centigrade, what do you think will happen?

7. succeed in (sth/doing…):

成功

be successful in (sth/doing…):

be a success:

成功的人/事

be a failure:

失败的人/事

fail to do…:

没能做…

fail (in) the exam/test: 考试不及格

pass the exam/test: 通过考试

get through the exam/test: 通过考试

8. do harm to sb = do sb harm: 损害/危害某人

do good to sb = do sb good:

对…有好处

do wrong to sb = do sb wrong: 对…不公平，冤枉

9. much/far/rather too + 形/副词：非常，实在太

too much (+ 不可数名词)：

太多

too many (+ 可数名词)：

太多

11. teach sb a lesson:

教训某人

learn one's lesson:

得到/吸取教训

be a lesson to sb:

对… 是教训

teach me an important lesson about life:

给我上了人生的重要一课

12. long before…: 在…前很久

before long = soon: 很快

1)Her grandmother died long before she was born. 2)Her grandfather is dying before long. 3)It wasn’t long before her aunt came back.

13. doing, being done 作定语

doing: 主动，进行

being done: 被动, 进行

1)The weeping girl must be from a poor area. 2)The sleeping man is Peter's uncle.

3)The man sleeping under the tree is my uncle. 4)There she saw a poor boy looking sad. 5)The clock being repaired will belong to you.

14.would rather do…:

宁愿做…

would rather not do… :

宁愿不做

would rather do…than do…: 宁愿做…不愿做…

= would do… rather than do…:

Would/had rather + that 句子(过去时态):

宁愿

(表示愿望) 【一般过去时表示现在或者将来的愿望; 过去完成时表示过去的愿望。】

1)He’d rather work in the poor countryside. 2)We would rather not play computer games. 3) I would rather travel by train than by plane. 4)The soldier would rather die than give up before the enemy.

…………………………………………………………………………

1)I would rather that he knew where we are.

(现在) 2)I would rather that she married the general next year.

(将来) 3)I’d rather (that) you hadn’t told him the news the other day. (过去)

4) ----Shall I close all the windows?

----I’d rather you didn’t.

15. 在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语：

a. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth. (赞扬，责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous, considerate…)

b. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth. (以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…)

1)It is kind of you to take me to the station. 2)It is foolish of them to turn down the proposal. 3)It is generous of you to share your food with me. 4)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do. 5)It’s important for the news to be updated every hour. 6)It is necessary for everybody to do exercise every day. 7)It is impossible for a dead person to come back to life.

16. nature reserve: 自然保护区

disappear from…: 从…消失

bring back: 带回，弄回

at a loss: 困惑, 茫然, 不知所措

know about/of:

了解, 知道, 听说

be in danger of disappearing: 处于消失的危险

long to do…: 渴望做…

long for…: 渴望什么

wake up: 醒来，弄醒

land: 着陆

take off: 起飞

go down: 倒下，落下，沉没，下跌，下降

the South China tiger: 华南虎

call the police (station): 报警

join…together: 把…连接起来

That/It (all) depends. 看/视情况定。

4 allow/permit doing…:

允许做…

allow/permit sb to do…:

允许某人做

in the wild：在野生状态下

respond/reply to…:

回答, 回应

take…to…: 把…带到/弄到…

take a photo/picture (of sb/sth): 照像

in space/heaven/ nature/ society：

在太空(宇宙)/天空/自然界/社会上

look up:

抬头看, (在词典/书等里)查找

(turn/refer to a dictionary: 查词典) run after:

追赶, 追求

sound the horn: 鸣喇叭

suggest doing: 建议做…

feel like doing…: 想做什么

……………………………………………………………. move to…: 搬到某地

move into…: 搬进某地

move in: 搬进去

……………………………………………………………. stomach(单数) ----- stomachs(复数)：胃，肚子