Using LanguageⅠ教学设计与反思

Direct speech and indirect speech

一．

基本概念

1）、直接引语为陈述句

2）、直接引语为祈使句

3）、直接引语为疑问句

4）、直接引语为感叹句

二．变换类型

1．直接引语为陈述句

直接引语为陈述句，用that引导（口语中可以省略）。引述动词有：say, tell等。

陈述句变间接引语要注意：1、人称的变化2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3、时态的变化4、人称的变化

。

一般的规则：一随主，二随宾，三不变

例如：The teacher said, “John, you must bring your book to the class. ”

1> 第三者说：The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class. 2> 别人对约翰说：The teacher said that you must bring your book to the class. 3> 约翰自己说：The teacher said that I must bring my book to the class. I指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

II 时态的变化(1)

1〉主句为现在或将来时态时，间接引语的时态不变。

2、主句为过去时态时，直接引语一般作相应的变化，这就叫所谓的“时态的呼应”。

注：直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时时态不变。

e.g. The teacher told us, “The earth moves around the sun.”

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. III 时态的变化（2）

1）含情态动词的一般现在时变为情态动词的一般过去时。

注：1）如果直接引语的情态动词是一般过去时，间接引语还是用情态动词的过去一般时。

2）有些情态动词如must, ought to, need, had better等只有一种形式，那么在间接引语中形式不变。

2、直接引语为祈使句

直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式。引述动词有：tell, ask, order等。它的否定是在to前加not。它没有时态的变化。其他的变化和直接引语是陈述句的情况相同。

3、直接引语为疑问句（1）

直接引语为疑问句，变为间接引语时语序与一般从句相同，用陈述句的语序，be, have等助动词皆放在主语之后。引述动词常用say, ask, wonder, inquire等。直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语应作各种变化的要求也同样使用。

1）直接引语为一般疑问句时，由whether或if引导。

e.g.

He said to us, “Are you going away today?”

He asked to us whether we were going away that day. 2）

直接引语为特殊疑问句时，其关联词用相应的疑问代词或疑问副词。

e.g.

She asked, “Who will help me finish the job?”

She asked who would help her finish the job.

3）直接引语为选择疑问句，变为间接引语时应用whether…or…。

e.g.

“Do you like tea or coffee?”

she asked me.

She asked me whether I like tea or coffee.

4、直接引语为感叹句

直接引语为感叹句，变为间接引语时，引述动词有tell, exclaim等。其他的变化和直接引语为陈述句时的变化相同。

e.g.

“What a brave boy you are!”

she told him.

She told him what a brave boy he was.

高考试题题选与分析

1．[1985] Can you tell me____?

A. who is that gentleman

B. that gentleman is who

C. who that gentleman

D. whom is that gentleman 2. [1986] Can you tell me _____the railway station?

A. how I can get to

B. how can I get to

C. where I can get to

D. where can I get to

3. [1998] I asked my lawyer _____say in court.

A. what I should

B. what should I

C. how I should

D. how should I

题析：这三题的答案分别是：C、A、A。这三题的选项部分（即间接引语部分）都是含有疑问的意思，本来应是特殊疑问句形式，但当疑问句改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序。

归纳：

（1）用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般都构成宾语从句。

（2）特殊疑问句变间接引语，首先把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，去掉问号，然后用原句的wh—疑问词引导。

（3）陈述句由直接引语转换为间接引语，首先将陈述句转换为由不得that引导的宾语从句。引语动词常用say, tell等。

Eg. 直接引语：“I enjoy playing chess”

间接引语：She said that she enjoyed playing chess. （4）一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，首先将疑问句词序变为陈述句词序，去掉问号，然后在句子前面加whether或if。引语动词可用ask , wonder, want to know, don’t know ,be not sure , be puzzled 等，但不能用say, tell。

Eg.直接引语：“Are you feeling tired?”

间接引语：The teacher asked me whether I was feeling tired .

He said was born in 1950.