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语法专题

定语从句

定语从句概念：

1.定语从句的定义和分类：

在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

2.定语从句的作用和翻译：

起修饰限制先行词的作用，一般翻译为“……的” 。

3.先行词：

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

二. 关系词的分类

常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when, where, why

考点一：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句

① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

A person

who steals things is called a thief. ②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。

The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. ③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

These are

trees which were planted last year. ④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。

A plane is a machine that can fly.

⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语

，前后为所属关系。不可省略。

This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake. We live in a house whose windows face south.

考点二：只能用that不能用which的5种情况

①当先行词中有人又有物时。如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：This is all that I want from the school. ③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如：

This is the very book that I am looking for these days. ④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：

The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.

⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. (2)用who不用that的情况

(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。

①先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：

All who heard the news were excited. ②先行词为those, he和people时。如：

Those who want to go please sign your names here.

考点三：

从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致

关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：

Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.

考点四：关系副词引导的定语从句：

关系副词when, where和why的用法

当先行词指时间时，用when引导定语从句，当先行词指地点时，用where引导定语从句，当先行词指原因时，用why引导定语从句，when, where, why在从句中做状语。例如: 用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如

I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing. 用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：

This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young. 用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：

There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.

考点五：介词+whom/which引导的定语从句

当先行词指人时，用介词+whom引导定语从句；当先行词指物时，用介词+which引导定语从句，whom 和which做介词的宾语。例如：

1.This is the book in which I’m interested.

2. I have many good friends, none of whom are from America.

介词选择：

1.固定搭配

2. 前后意思

考点六：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1

非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。不用that 引导

My watch, which is very old, stopped again.

考点七：As和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

关系代词which和as在定语从句中的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”“就像”之意，而which则没有此意。

The earth is round, ___ we all know.

___ is known to all, the earth is round.

___ is known to all that the earth is round

定语从句在句首时只能用as，as 具有正如之意，动词一般较固定

as we all know, =

as is known to all众所周知

as anybody can see

正如人人都能看到的那样

as we had expected

正如我们所预料的那样

as often happens

正如经常发生的那样

as has been said before

如上所述

as is mentioned above

正如上面提到的

难点点拨：

先行词为时间，地点，原因时，在定语从句中如何正确判断做主，宾还是做状语，也就是用which，that，还是用when, where ,why 1.

This is the factory _______ I visited last year.

1.

This is the factory _______ I worked last year.

1.

This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.

做题方法：

如何选用定语从句的关系词

1.确定先行词：确定定语从句的先行词

2.还原先行词：把先行词带回到定语从句中原本的位置。

3.确定先行词所做成分：若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。

小组合作探究1 选择合适的关系词填空

1.

The man_______ is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 2. The woman

they wanted to visit is a teacher.

3.This is a car

is made in China.

4.I like the book

you bought yesterday 5. I know the girl

mother is a teacher. 6. I have a book

cover is yellow. 7. I still remember the day

I first met him. 8.This is the reason

I was late for school. 9.The TV tower is the highest building _____has been built in this city. 10. Tom is the only one of the students who_____(know) the answer. 11. I have many good friends, some of ______are from America. 12.___ is known to all, the earth is round. 难点：

1）.The library ________ students often study was on fire last night. 2）.The library, _______

was built in the 1930s,needs repairing. 3）.The library ________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.

小组合作探究2 完成高考语法填空，改错,翻译练习

1）Maybe you have a habit __________ is driving your family crazy. (2015新课标1) 2）…Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius(孔夫子）, ______

lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.. （2016全国Ⅲ）

3）I am looking forward to the day _______ my

daughter can

read this book and know my feelings for her.（2014 湖南）

(2016四川改错）

1.

The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorites.

2）Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. （全国新课标Ⅱ卷改错）

Translation 翻译

1，

我的名字叫李华，一名来自中国的学生。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2，我昨天买的那本书很贵。

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3，这就是我不久前的一天去过的地方。

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