Learning about Language教学内容概述

Book9 Unit 3 Australia Language Points

Discovering useful words and expressions Complete the sentences with words below.

backgrounds

nation

citizens

tolerance

Aboriginal

homelands

migrants

respect

Most Australians believe that having people from so many different ________________________________ creates _______ and _________ and makes Australia a stronger _______

and a more interesting place to live.

Read the paragraph below, paying particular attention to the underlined words, some of which may be new to you. Try to work out the definitions of these words and write them down in the second column. Then check your answer using an English-English dictionary and write the dictionary definitions in the third column.

The first migrants arrived in Australia after a long voyage on small sailing ships. Life was very tough at first because they did not have adequate equipment or food. One of the first things

they did was to dig the soil and sow vegetable seeds. However, it wasn’t easy to grow enough food for everyone and in the first few years they faced starvation.

Despite all the hardships

of those early years, many of the migrants succeeded in building a good life for themselves. In the early days there were not nearly as many women migrants as there were males, so many of the men remained bachelors. Many dreamed of having a wife who would share their life and work alongside them as they built houses and established farms.

Within a reasonably short time some had established large sheep farms and began to export meat and wool back to England. We know a lot about these early years of European settlement because most migrants corresponded with their families at home and many of their letters still survive. These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.

[例句] 根据语境推断

owe 一词在1-3句中的含义，并从a-c中找出与每句话中的

owe 相符合的含义。

1. He owes me five dollars.

2. You owe it to me to be honest with me.

3. She owes her good health to diet and exercise.

owing to由于，其中to为介词，

其同义短语有：because of，as a result of，on account of，due to，thanks to 等。

翻译下列句子。

1.

买食品要4英镑，可玛丽只付了3英镑，因此她还欠1英镑。

The food cost￡4, but Mary only paid ￡3, so she still owed￡1.

2. 我们欠父母很多。We owe our parents a lot.

3.这个学生把自己的成功归于教授的鼓励。

The student owed his success to his professor’s encouragement.

4. 约翰没有出席会议, 因为他病了。

John didn’t attend the meeting because of being ill.

Word

Dictionary definition

migrant

adequate

sow

hardship

Word

Dictionary definition

bachelor

correspond

owe

You will find it easier to learn English words in clusters. Read aloud the following words and write down as many words related to them as possible. Compare your lists with a partner.

Example:

rain, rainbow, rainfall, rainy, raindrop, raincoat, rainforest, rain water

rain

tax

home

rust

time

night

autonomy

defend

tolerate

celebrate

nation

city

birth

associate

reserve

way

tax: taxation, taxed, taxable, taxman

taxpayer

home: homework, homely, homeland,

homeless, homemaker, homecoming,

homesick

rust: rusty, rustproof

time: timely, timing, timekeeper, timer,

timepiece, timesaving, timetable,

timeless

celebrate:

celebration, celebratory,

celebrated, celebrant,

celebrity

nation: national, nationality, nationalize,

nationally, nationalist,

nationwide

city: citizen, citizenship, citywide,

cityscape

birth: birthplace, birthdate, birthday,

birthplace, birthmark, birthright

associate: association, associative,

associated

reserve: reservation, reserved

way: pathway, roadway, waylay, wayside,

wayworn

Read throuA kangaroo kept getting out of his enclosure at the zoo. Knowing that he was a good jumper, the zoo authorities increased the height of the fence around him, but, the next morning, the kangaroo was out of his enclosure again.

gh this paragraph and underline all the predicatives So the keepers’ solution was to build an even higher barrier. However, the next morning, the result was disappointing --- the kangaroo was not in his enclosure. The authorities, being desperate, increased the height of the fence again and again and it was soon over forty metres high. A camel in the next enclosure asked the kangaroo, “How high do

you think they’ll go?” The kangaroo said, “That’s a good question. It seems to me, they’ll just keep going higher until somebody remembers to shut the gate at night!”

Underline the predicatives in this conversation and then practise it with a partner.

KIM: The meat seems to be shrinking!

SAM: Maybe there’s too much fat in it.

KIM:

What can I do?

SAM:

It’s probably the wrong kind of meat for a barbecue. The best thing is to cook it very slowly.

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1.

If you associate ____ criminals, you are likely to get in trouble with the police too.

2.

____ of respect for my family, I try to lead an honest life.

3.

I have been corresponding _____ my penfriend for over five years now.