Learning about Languageppt配用优秀教学设计

Period Three

Grammar—The Present Perfect Passive Voice

课文原句感知

1．Over time I have been changed(change) quite a lot. 2．First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop，I have been used(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s. 3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told(tell)! 4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found(find) for me. 5．I have also been put(put) into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.

现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。这种语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多同学在具体运用当中容易顾此失彼，难以把握。

运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题：

1．构成

现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/has been＋过去分词。

2．各种句式

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问式

特殊疑问式

3.使用的场合

(1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till/to now，since...，before...等连用。

Thousands of man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 许多国家已经发射了数千颗人造卫星到太空中。

The doctor hasn’t been sent for yet. 主语＋have/has been done... 主语＋have/has not been done... Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？

疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？

还没有派人去请医生。

(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。

The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。

How long has the machine been used?

这台机器使用多久了？

More than ten bridges have been built over the river in this city since it set up a new economic zone. 自从这个城市建立了一个新经济开发区以来，这条河上已经建了十多座桥了。

4．现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题

(1)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。

一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建成的。

The bridge has been built.这座桥已经建好了。

(2)一些特殊动词，如：borrow，finish，begin，buy，start，return，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则须改换动词或时态。

这本书买了多长时间了？

误How long has this book been bought? 正How long ago was this book bought?

但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。

No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以来，没有人来买书。

(3)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It is said that the problem has been looked into. 据说已经调查了这个问题。

(4)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

We have built many houses in the past ten years. →Many houses have been built in the past ten years. (5)带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主

语，另一个保留不动。

We have given him the book. →He has been given the book. →The book has been given to him. (6)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来用省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

I have told them to help you. →They have been told to help you.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Sarah has been told/was told(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 2．In recent years，stress has been regarded(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems.(2016·上海) 3．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides.(2015·天津) 4．In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut(cut)．(2015·重庆) 5．We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made(make)．(2014·天津) 6．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.(2013·北京)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Many new houses have been built(build) in the past few years. 2．So far no letter has been received(receive) from my friends. 3．—We want to sit at the table near the window. —I’m sorry，but it has been taken(take) already. 4．—How long have you been employed(employ) at this job? —Since 1990. 5．Several students have been admitted(admit) into a key university up to now. II.语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空) Li Ming：Hi，Lin Tao.How nice to see you on the first day of the new term!

Lin Tao：Yes.Nice to see you again. Li Ming：I know that your parents 11.have been working(work) in Yushu for years.Can you tell me something there after the earthquake? Lin Tao：Of course.Since the earthquake 12.happened(happen)，many soldiers 13.have been sent(send) there，and many kinds of supplies(物资供应) 14.have been carried(carry) there from all over the country.Now，most people there 15.live/are living(live) a happy life again. Li Ming：How about the schools there? Lin Tao：Several new schools 16.have been set(set) up and also some schools which 17.were damaged(damage) in the earthquake 18.have been rebuilt(rebuild)．So all the students can go back to school to study now. Li Ming：That’s wonderful.I’m sure their life will be better and better.When will your parents come back? Lin Tao：They will be back next month.

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2017·山西平遥中学高一上期中) When Steve Jobs was born on February 24,1955，in San Francisco，California，his unmarried mother decided to put him for adoption because she wanted a girl.So in the middle of the night，his mother called a lawyer named Paul Jobs and said，“We have an unexpected baby boy；do you want him？”

But his mother told his future parents to promise that they would send Jobs to college.After Steve Jobs graduated from high school，he went to college but decided to drop out because it was so expensive that he had to sleep on the floor in his friends’ rooms. At 20，he and a friend(Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage on April 1,1976.Jobs named their company—Apple in memory of a happy summer he had spent at an orchard(果园) in Oregon. After 10 years of hard time and failures，starting from two kids working in a garage，Apple computer eventually grew into a big company with over 4,000 employees. At 30，Jobs，however，was fired from the company he co-founded.But after he had to leave the company，Apple was under heavy pressure from rival(对手) Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses.Apple needed Steve Jobs and he was appointed as Apple’s CEO in 1997.Under his leadership，Apple returned to profitability and introduced new products such as the iPhone and the iPod.

Steve Jobs once said，“Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick.Don’t lose faith.I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.You’ve got to find what you love.If you haven’t found it yet，keep looking.”

语篇解读

文章介绍乔布斯的家庭生活、学业情况和如何创办苹果公司的。通过他所说的话可知，兴趣是成功的关键。

1．Which of the following is RIGHT according to Paragraph 1? A．Jobs’ unmarried mother wanted a girl. B．Paul Jobs was a college teacher. C．Jobs finished his education. D．Jobs’ unmarried mother adopted him. 答案

A 解析

细节理解题。从第一段的句子“...his unmarried mother decided to put him for adoption because she wanted a girl.”可知乔布斯的未婚妈妈想要一个女孩，故选A。

2．Steve Jobs didn’t finish his college education because he

. A．wanted to start a company B．had financial problems C．took no interest in his major D．hated to share rooms with his friends 答案

B 解析

细节理解题。从第一段的句子“...he went to college but decided to drop out because it was so expensive that he had to sleep on the floor in his friends’ rooms.”可知，乔布斯没有完成大学学业主要是因为他的经济问题，故选B。

3．What can we learn from what Steve Jobs said? A．Interest is the key to success. B．Hope helps us succeed. C．Attitude is everything. D．Courage goes with confidence. 答案

A 解析

推理判断题。从文章最后一段乔布斯所说的话可知，兴趣是成功的关键，故选A。

B The Internet brings us many advantages. With the Internet，people can send and receive e-mails.On the Internet，people can skim over news.Using the Telnet，the user anywhere on the Internet can log into any other machine on which

he has an account.It is possible to use the FTP program to copy files from one machine on the Internet to another. But the Internet also brings us troubles. Internet use seems to cause a fall in psychological(心理的) health，according to the research at Carnegie Mellon University.Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less often，the two-year study showed.And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet，but that using the Net actually seemed to cause the bad feelings. Researchers are puzzled over the results，which were completely opposite to what they had expected.They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television，since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time used for family and friends may be the reason for the drop in health，researchers said.Faceless，bodiless “virtual”(虚拟的) communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversations，and the relationships formed through it may not be so deep.Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives. “But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology；it’s about how it is used，” said one of the researchers.“It really points to the need for considering social factors(因素) when you design new inventions.”

语篇解读

文章谈论了网络的优点和由于使用网络而产生的一些问题。

4．The writer mainly wants to tell us that

. A．the Internet can bring people many advantages B．Internet use may cause psychological problems C．the Internet users are not satisfied with their lives D．we shouldn’t use the Internet 答案

B 解析

主旨大意题。文章虽然谈论了网络的优点，但从其篇幅和重点来看，文章侧重于谈论由于使用网络而产生的一些问题，主题句在第四段。作者其实是想提醒我们使用网络可能有损心理健康。

5．Why are the researchers puzzled over the results? A．Because the results were completely different from what they had thought. B．Because the Net proved socially healthier than television. C．Because the Internet users were all healthier. D．Because the Internet users experienced less depression and loneliness. 答案

A

解析

细节理解题。由第五段第一句“Researchers are puzzled over the results，which were completely opposite to what they had expected.”可知令研究人员疑惑的是研究结果与他们预料的完全相反。

6．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? A．What matters is not the technology but how it is used. B．This passage is not about the technology but about how it is used. C．We should remember to learn about the technology. D．We should remember to learn how to use computers. 答案

A 解析

句意理解题。作者通过画线部分想表明这一切与技术本身无关，而是看我们怎么利用科技。

Ⅱ.完形填空

Have you ever seen a movie in which a building was burned down or a bridge was destroyed? Have you seen films in which two trains crashed or a ship

7

into the ocean? If

8

，you may have wondered how these things could happen without

9

the actors and actresses in the film. The man who knows the

10

is the “special-effects”

man.He has one of the most important

11

in the film industry.He may be ordered to

12

a flood or to make a battlefield explode.But he may also be told to create a

13

effect which is much less exciting，

14

just as important to the success of the film. In a

15

for one movie there was a big glass bowl filled with water in which small fish were swimming.The director of the movie

16

the fish to stop swimming suddenly

17

they seemed to stare at an actor.Then the director wanted the fish to

18

staring and swim.But fish can’t be ordered to do anything.It was quite a

19

. The special-effects man thought about the problem for a long time.The result was an idea for

20

the fish with a harmless use of electricity.

21

he applied electricity to the fish bowl causing the fish to be absolutely

22

.Then he rapidly reduced the amount of

23

，allowing the fish to be free.Thus he got the humorous effect the

24

wanted. In other parts of movie making there are also special-effects men who have developed

25

skills in creating certain kinds of effects.Jim White，who has been a special-effects man for thirty-two years，is best known for his

26

with ships and airplanes. 语篇解读

本文介绍了电影中的一些特效人员是如何完成特效镜头的。

7．A.buried

C．fell

答案

B 解析

你看到过电影中两列火车相撞或者一艘船在大洋中下沉吗？sink下沉。

B．sank D．dropped

8．A.so

C．possible

答案

A 解析

if so 如果是这样，由下文可知答案。

9．A.telling

C．protecting

答案

B B．such D．necessary B．harming D．organizing 解析

如果你看过，你或许感到奇怪，电影里的这些事情是如何在不伤害演员的情况下发生的呢？harm伤害。

10．A.news

C．message

答案

D 解析

知道这个秘密的人就是“特效制作人”。由上文可知，这个问题对于大多数人来说是个秘密。secret秘密。

11．A.films

C．factories

答案

B 解析

他拥有电影公司中最重要的工作之一。由下文可知答案。job工作。

12．A.prevent

C．pour

答案

D 解析

他或许被命令创造一场洪水或者战场上的爆炸。create创造，产生。由下一句“he may also be told to create...”可知答案。

13．A.terrible

C．funny

答案

D 解析

但是他或许也会被告诉创造一个不是很令人兴奋的特效。a special effect特效。

14．A.or

C．though

答案

C 解析

参考上一题解析。though虽然，然而。但是这对电影的成功来说同样重要。

15．A.scene

C．stage

答案

A B．step D．room B．as D．only B．peaceful D．special B．fight D．create B．jobs D．companies B．question D．secret

解析

在一部电影的一幕中，有一个装满水的大玻璃碗，里面有几条小鱼正在游泳。scene一幕。

16．A.ordered

C．decided

答案

B 解析

电影的导演想让鱼突然停止游泳，以便它们看起来好像是盯着一个演员看。want sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事。

17．A.while

C．so that

答案

C 解析

参考上一题解析。so that为了，以便。

18．A.return

C．stop

答案

C 解析

然后导演想让鱼停止盯着演员看，继续游泳。stop停止。

19．A.success

C．problem

答案

C 解析

但是鱼不会听命令做任何事情。这确实是个难题。problem问题。

20．A.controlling

C．driving

答案

A 解析

结果就是用对鱼无害的电量来控制鱼。control控制。

21．A.As a result

C．First

答案

C 解析

首先，他要把电用于盛鱼的碗里，让鱼绝对地静止。first首先，由下文的“Then he rapidly...”可知答案。

22．A.pure

C．still

答案

C 解析

由上文可知是要让鱼先静止，然后再继续游动。下文“allowing the fish to be free”也说明此处是让鱼静止不动。still 静止的，不动的。

23．A.fish

B．water B．interesting

D．quiet B．Above all D．Immediately

B．operating D．lighting B．failure D．disappointment B．continue D．start B．since D．even if B．wanted

D．doubted

C．electricity

答案

C D．bowl 解析

然后他迅速减少电量来允许鱼自由活动。由上文可知答案。electricity电。

24．A.actor

C．director

答案

C 解析

因而他得到了导演想要的幽默效果。由上文可知答案。director导演。

25．A.fast

C．humorous

答案

B 解析

在电影别的部分的制作中，也有些特效制作人员，他们开发特殊的技巧来创造某些效果。particular特殊的。

26．A.imagination

C．repair

答案

B 解析

Jim White是一位工作了32年的特效制作人，他在船和飞机上的特效最为出名。

B．work

D．design B．particular

D．careful B．actress D．special-effects man