Learning about Language板书设计及意图

M2 Unit 3 Computer

Period 4:

Learning about Language

Teaching aims:

To learn to use The Present Perfect Passive Voice

To discover useful words and expression

To discover useful structures

Teaching difficulties: how to distinguish the differences between the Present Perfect Passive Voice and the Present Perfect Tense. Teaching procedures:

STEP1. Read the following sentences and discover useful structures. 1.

Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 2.

I have been used in offices and home since the 1970s. 3.

Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told. 4.

Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.

STEP2. Review Present Perfect Tense Form: has/have done Meaning: 1. 表示动作在过去发生，但其动作现已完成，可对现在仍有影响。强调对现在造成直接的影响，有完成型和延续型两种。

e.g. I have just had my breakfast. (现在还不饿)

He has left his key in his office. (因此，他现在进不去）

2. 表示发生在过去的动作到现在为止已经完成或者一直延续到现在。常和时间状语these days, lately, recently, for a long time, since July, so far, in the past few years等连用。

e.g. We haven’t seen much of each other for these days. I have known Li Lei for over five years. Tom has lived in China since 2001. Have you finished your work today? 3. 现在完成时还可用在时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来的，比主句的动作早完成的动作。

e.g.

We won’t start the work until we have made all the preparation.

If it has stopped snowing, we’ll go to the park.

Attention!!!

1. has/have been 和has/have gone的区别

have/has been 表示到“过某地（表示某人的经历）”

have/has gone 表示“去了某地（人现在不在这儿）”

2.

现在完成时不能和过去的时间状语连用，但常与不确定的时间状语，如already, never, just, yet, before, in the past few years等连用。

e.g.

Have you ever been to London? She has just lost her bag. I’ve never seen him before. They haven’t learned Unit5 yet. 3.

现在完成时可与since连用，since后加时间点或一般过去时态的从句。

e.g.

I haven’t seen him since 2000. 若since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是瞬时动词，则从句表示的时间是从动作开始的那一时刻算起。

I haven’t seen him since he left. 若since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时，则动词表示的时间是从持续的动作或状态结束时算起。

Step3. The Present Perfect Passive Voice Form: has/have been done sentence patterns: 肯定式：主语+has/have been done 否定式：主语+has/have not been done 一般疑问式：

Have/Has+主语+been done...? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+has/have+主语+been done...?

Meaning:

1. 表示被动动作在过去发生，但其动作现已完成，可对现在仍有影响。

2.

表示发生在过去的被动动作到现在为止已经完成或者一直延续到现在。常和时间状语these days, lately, recently, for a long time, since July, so far, in the past few years等连用。

3.

现在完成时还可用在时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来的，比主句的动作早完成的被动动作。

Exx.

He has left his key in his office.

His key has been left in his office by him.

I have known Li Lei for over five years.

Li Lei has been known by me for over five years.

We won’t start the work until we have made all the preparation. We won’t start the work until all the preparation have been made by us. (2015 天津) Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _____________ so far by the two sides. has been reached

B. was reached

C. will reach

D. will have reached (2013 北京) Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _____ into at least ten different films over the past years. had been made

B. was made

C. has been made

D. would be made (2010 福建) Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _____ before leaving their hometowns. A.

Promised

B. were promised

C. have promised

D. have been promised

Step4. Important points 1.

与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或者状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The park was opened to the public last year. 去年这家公园向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去）

The park has been opened to the public. 这家公园已向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了）

2. finish , buy, start, begin, return, borrow, join, marry 等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或者时态。

The work was finished two weeks ago. The work has been finished.

3.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It’s said that the problem has been looked into. Shakespeare’s plays are highly thought of by the world. Exx. 将主动句变被动句或者被动句变主动句. My father has repaired the TV set.

The teacher has borrowed the books. They have asked him some questions. The cake has been eaten by him. The house has been set fire to by him.