Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教学设计

Unit 2

Sailing the oceans Period Ⅰ

单元预习课

当今航海技术达到前所未有的水平，那么你知道古代一些有关航海方面的仪器吗？

Sinan，the ancient Chinese compass

It was invented by Zhang Heng in the Han Dynasty.It is made up of a bronze foundation (青铜底盘) and magnetic spoon(磁勺) which is made of natural magnet，positioned right in the center of the foundation. The handle of the spoon points to the south，while the other side points to the north.When the Sinan

is in the still，the handle of the spoon points to the south because of the influence of

the terrestrial magnetism (地磁)．

Astrolabe

It has 17 stars listed as well as a map of the sky overhead (for 37 degrees) and the ecliptic (黄道)．The time of day or night is on the outside edge with noon at the top of the Astrolabe and midnight at the bottom.It comes with a carrying chain，a pouch，and a book on its use.The reverse side has a sight for measuring the elevations of the heavenly bodies. Sextant

The sextant is a navigational instrument for measuring the

angle between the horizon and some object in the sky.First a sailor looks at the horizon through an eyepiece.At the same time he can see light from the sun or a star reflected off a small mirror on top of the instrument，onto a second mirror and into the eyepiece. The navigator can then see two images，the horizon and the sun side by side.He can then measure the angle between them on a scale at the bottom of the instrument.The scale goes from 0 to 120 degrees.An earlier instrument，called a quadrant，measured in angle in the same way but it could only measure angles from 0 to 90 degrees. Nautical chart

Nautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans.They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas，rather like roads through the countryside.The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since.These charts were not available to Captain Bligh or Zheng He.

1．What is the theory of the Sinan invented by Zhang Heng? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2．Why were the Nautical charts not able to be used by Captain Bligh or Zheng He? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】

1．The influence of the terrestrial magnetism. 2．Because the information began to be collected in the nineteenth century.

根据词性及英文释义写出单词的正确形式

1．________n．kindness；forgiveness 2．________n．activity of exploring 3．________adj.above one's head 4．________adj.at sea not far from land 5．________adj.made or done without any plan 6．________adj.difficult to use 7．________n．act of mentioning；act of looking at for information 8．________adj.light and that can be carried(easily) or moved 【答案】

1.mercy

2.exploration

3.overhead

4．offshore

5.random

6.awkward

7.reference

8.portable

短语填空

may well；at the mercy of；work out；be close to；the number of；compare with；in relation to；rather than 1．I prefer to walk there________ take a bus. 2．The boat was ________the rapid river. 3．This novel ________ become a classic. 4．________ those who are suffering，we are better off. 5．I believe that you can ________ this problem by yourself. 【答案】

1.rather than

2.at the mercy of

3．may well

4.Compared with

5.work out

背诵下列教材中出现的句型，体会黑体部分的用法

1．We may well wonder seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship's position on a map. 我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。

2．This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk. 这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式，所冒的风险也最小。

3．It proved to be

the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments.

从三个选项中选择最佳答案

1．How many traditional methods used by seamen are mentioned in the passage? A．Four.

C．Eight. 2．The passage doesn't tell us whether skilled seamen used to use the ________ to judge his position at sea. A．North Star

C．moon 3．By studying the winds，seamen could________．

A．judge the direction of the ship B．know how far away they were from their home C．tell the distance they had discovered 4．From the passage we can learn that________．

A．why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seas B．there is useful information in an encyclopedia B．sun

B．Five.

C．early sailors went exploring the seas using their skills and simple instruments 5．The purpose of the passage is to tell us________．

A．keeping a longitude of the coastline is the first and most useful form of exploration B．about the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceans C．the finding of latitude and longitude is a must to plot a ship's position on a map 【答案】

1.A

2.C

3.A

4.C

5.B 完成下列表格

Keeping alongside the coastline The 1.________ useful form of exploration.

North Star: At the North Pole it is at its 2.________ position；At the equator it is along the horizon.

Using celestial bodies Sun：The sailors could use the height of the sun to work out their 3.________.

Clouds：A special cloud formation indicates land Using nature to

help Using 4.________ close by.

Seaweed：Sailors could 5.________ by the colour and smell of seaweed. Birds：Seamen could follow the birds which return to land to find land.

Fog: Seamen used fog to 6.________ the position Using the weather of a stream or river.

Winds：Seamen used winds to 7.________ their sailing.

Using the sea Using

navigatFinding longitude Finding latitude Certain tides and currents could be used to carry ships to their destination.

Sailors knew a method of 8.________ longitude using speed and time. The Bearing Circle: The first instrument to measure

­

ional instru­

ments

to help 9.________.

The Astrolabe：It gave the seamen the local time and allowed them to find their latitude at sea.

The Quadrant: It measured how high 10.________ were.

The Sextant: It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments. 【答案】

1.first and most

2.highest

3.latitude

4.wildlife

5.tell

6.identify

7.direct

8．calculating

9.the sun's position

10.stars 完成下面课文缩写

用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写

ability；discover；instrument；how；latitude；could；even though；explore；sail；use We may want to know 1.________ seamen explored the oceans before 2.________ and longitude appeared. 3.________they didn't have the modern navigational help，seamen 4.________ still control the sea by using some skills to explore seas and 5.________ the new lands.6.________nature is the first and most useful form of 7.________to keep the ship 8.________alongside the coastline，such as celestial bodies，wildlife，weather，and the sea.Because of these skills，sailors increased the 9.________ to navigate new seas when they used 10.________，including longitude and latitude. 【答案】

1.how

2.latitude

3.Even though

4．could

5.discover

6.Using

7.exploration

8．sailing 9.ability 10.instruments