Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending名师教学设计1

Book9

Unit 2

Sailing the oceans 2nd Period

Reading Step1.

Revision

Check the homework exercises. Step2.

Pre-reading Show the students some pictures to see if they can identify the early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they used. 1) compass ( in ancient China) 2) astrolabe 3) sextant 4) sea / nautical / marine chart Step3 .

Discussion 1.

How do you think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?(Kept close to the shore, used nature such as the sun, wind, birds, tide, etc, to help them, and used some of the instruments including a compass, astrolabe, etc.) 2.

Which do you think was easier to work out: latitude or longitude?(Latitude, because it was used to measure how far you had traveled from land on a straight line. It was discovered a long time before longitude.) Step 4.

Reading A. First reading.

After listening to the contents of the text，do “T” or “F”: 1. Before the 17th century, the travellers were at the control of the sea without modern navigational aids.

F 2. Early sailors could use the height of the sun to work out their latitude.

T 3. Wind could accelerate sailing speed and it was always safe and easy to use.

F 4. Seamen can’t sail the sea if they don’t know latitude and longitude.

F 5. The compass always indicate the North Pole, and seamen could find the direction that the ship needed to go with its help.

T 6. The bearing circle was the first instrument to measure position between the sun and the ship.

F B. Second reading .

Answer the teacher’s questions to get a better understanding of the passage.

1

a.

Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?

(Speed and time are important in finding out the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the

approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.) b.

Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?

(The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to

measure a ship's position.) Step 5. Explanation After comprehending, it is a good time to deal with the new words and language points in this part, esp. the following:

voyage

mercy minimum nowhere pole overhead offshore accelerate outward longitude

latitude

precise

simplify

portable shortcoming updated tendency reliable at the mercy of,

even though,

work out, be used to,

in relation to,

aim to ,

Step6.

Discussion Let the students have a discussion by working in pairs or in groups. Topic: Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people. You have a small box for your personal things but it can only hole ten items. What would you need for a week’s journey across the North Sea to England? Suggested Answer: Category Clothes Hygiene Bedding Items shirt, trousers soap blanket Category Shoes Tools Medicines Items waterproof

boots knife,

scissors

sea-sick

tablets, cold

medicine

Games cards, chess Books novels, collections

Step7. Summary

This reading explains how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors before the seventeenth century when they were navigating the open seas without seeing the land.

2 essay

Step8.

Homework

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