Learning about Language教学目标

高一英语同步精品

必修4 Unit 2 Working the land

一、重点词汇

考点1．

struggle. vi.& n 【教材原句】…,for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 【归纳拓展】

struggle with 与……斗争

struggle for

为争取……而斗争

struggle against

与……斗争；为反对……而斗争

struggle to do sth (＝make great efforts to do sth)

努力做某事

struggle to one's feet

挣扎着站起来

【教材原句】He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.因此他给予数百万元来给他人用于农业的研究。

【归纳拓展】

(1)equip…to do sth 使……具备条件做某事

equip sb/sth for

为……而武装某人/某物

equip…with

用……装备……

well/poorly equipped

设备精良的/差的

(2)equipment n.

设备

考点3．regret

vt. 为……感到遗憾，惋惜

n．遗憾，

悔恨

【教材原句】His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. 他的父亲说他从不后悔把他的儿子送到国外学习。

【归纳拓展】

(1)to one's regret 让某人遗憾的是

regret to do sth

为要做的事感到遗憾(未做) regret doing sth

为做过的事感到遗憾、后悔

(已做过) have no regrets

没有遗憾

with great regret

非常遗憾

(2)regretful adj.

后悔的；失望的

考点4．focus n．焦点；中心点v.集中；聚集

【教材原句】They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.他们把重点放在使土壤肥沃并且免于病害。

【归纳拓展】

focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于

focus one's attention/mind/energy on 集中注意力/心思/精力于

the focus of attention关注的焦点

bring...into focus使……成为焦点

in focus对准焦点；清晰

out of focus没有对准焦点；不清晰

考点5．

reduce vt.减少；缩减

【教材原句】A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grows strong and healthy.健康的土壤减少病害并且帮助庄稼长得健康强壮。

【归纳拓展】

reduce...to...把……降至

reduce...by...把……减少了

reduce one's weight减肥

be reduced to despair陷入绝望

be reduced to doing sth.被迫做某事

make a reduction减价

考点6．comment n．评论，议论

vt. & vi.表达意见；作出评论

【教材原句】…and give each other comments.并且给予彼此评论。

【归纳拓展】

comment on/upon评论；评说

comment that...评论……

make comments on对……发表评论/议论

no comment无可奉告

考点7．confuse 动词, 表示“把(某人)弄糊涂; 使迷惑”, “搞乱; 混淆”。

【教材原句】It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.解释这一点是重要的

【归纳拓展】

confuse A with/and B把A混为B be/get confused with/about对……感到困惑

be confused(人感到)困惑的；糊涂的

be confusing令人迷惑的

throw sb. into confusion使某人不知所措

in confusion处于混乱状态

二、重点短语

考点1．rid...of摆脱；除去

【教材原句】Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.(P10) 多亏他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。

【归纳拓展】

get rid of去掉，除去，摆脱；废除；抛弃

remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事

inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事

rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物

cheat sb. of sth.骗取某人某物

convince sb. of sth.使某人信服某事

ask sth. of sb.问及某人某事

考点2．build up逐渐增强；建立；开发

[教材原句These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time。

【归纳拓展】

build up a fine reputation建立良好的信誉

build up a fame建立名声

build up one's health/body增进健康

build on/upon把……建立于；依赖；指望

考点3 lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向

【教材原句】Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.(P14) 这些化学物质有些会引起癌症或其他疾病

【归纳拓展】

lead sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事

lead the way带路；引路

lead sb. by the nose牵着鼻子走；控制某人

in the lead领先；处于首位

take the lead带头；领先

under the leadership of在……的领导下

考点4

keep...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等) [教材原句] This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.(P14) 这也能让空气、土壤、水和庄稼没有了化学物质

【归纳拓展】

be free from/of...无……的；免于……的

remain free from care仍然无忧无虑

for free免费

free of charge免费

feel free无拘束

考点5．

focus on集中(注意力、精力)于

【教材原句】They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免于病害。

【归纳拓展】

focus one's attention/mind on/upon... 集中某人的注意力于……

focus on的同义词组有：

concentrate(...)on集中注意力于……

fix one's attention on把注意力集中于……

be lost in＝lose oneself in沉湎于……

be absorbed in全神贯注于……

be buried in埋头于……

be devoted to献身于……

考点6 thanks to多亏，由于

【教材原句】Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of

hunger.

三、经典句型

考点1

含有插入语的特殊疑问句

【教材原句】What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat?

你认为如果明天突然没米饭吃了会发生什么事？

【句法分析】What do you think...？你认为……？

以上句型是双重疑问句的形式。可用于该句式的动词有：think，believe，suppose，guess 等，【句式结构】为：特殊疑问词(what，when，where，how，who...)＋do you think/believe/suppose/guess＋主语＋谓语？

【例句研读】

①What do you think has happened to Tom? 你认为汤姆遇到什么事了呢？

②When do _you suppose he might come? 你认为他什么时候会来？

③Where

do you guess Jack has gone？你猜杰克去哪

【考点聚焦】考查语序：插入语的语序，插入语后面结构的语序。

考点2

倍数表达法：

【教材原句】Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。

【句法分析】倍数＋as＋形容词/副词＋as

倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/height...)＋of

倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than

动词＋by＋数词/百分比/倍数

倍数＋what­clause

【例句研读】

①The plane flew ten times as high as the kite

那架飞机飞行的高度是那个风筝的十倍。②The street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。

③The hall

is five times bigger than our classroom.

这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍大)

④The landlord wanted to raise the rent by a fourth.房东想把房租提高四分之一。

⑤The production now is twice what it was 5 years ago.现在的产量是五年前的两倍。

考点3

并列句，for + 并列句

【教材原句】

Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. 尽管他是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平仍然认为自己是农民，因为他在田间耕作，进行科学研究。

【句法分析】句中的“并列分句＋for＋并列分句”结构表示“……，因为……”，for为并列连词，它引导的表示原因的并列分句一般放在所要说明的分句的后面，用来解释说明其原因或理由。在对前一分句的推断进行解释时，不能用其他表示原因的词代替。

【例句研读】

I didn't go to see him, for a heavy snow was falling. 我没有去看他，因为下大雪了。

He couldn't have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能看到我，因为我没在那里

考点4

it做形式宾语

【教材原句】This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one­third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。

【句法分析】

本句中的谓语动词makes后面接的是复合宾语，it作形式宾语，possible作宾语补足语，后面的动词不定式短语作真正的宾语，使役动词make常常用于：make it＋形容词＋to do...使做……成为……。

【例句研读】

We consider it our duty to support good leaders.

I think it best to get along well with others.

The new method makes it possible to complete the task faster

Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt. We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day. 考点5 would rather的用法

【教材原句】He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.

他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。

【句式点拨】

此句中would rather为情态动词，后接动词原形。

【温馨提示】

使用would rather…than…句型时要注意平行结构，即than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。该句型的反意疑问句通常用“wouldn't…？”

【相关拓展】

(1)sb would rather do than do/would do rather than do

宁愿做……而不愿做……

(2)sb would rather have done 但愿已做过……(与实际相反) (3)sb would rather (that) someone did sth

某人希望另一人去做……(实际不一定如此)

(4)sb would rather (that) someone had done sth

某人但愿另一人已做过……

(与实际相反) 【例句研读】I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.

我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。

考点6 ：the first/last/best/right/only/very…＋n.＋to do sth 【教材原句】

In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.

1973年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。

【句型公式】

the first/last/best/right/only/very…＋n.＋to do sth第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的……做某事的人/物

【句式点拨】

当the first, the last, the best, the only, the very, the right等修饰名词，

且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式作定语。

三、语法讲解

动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

知识讲解：

一、动词-ing形式作主语

1.动词-ing形式作主语往往表示(1)

的动作,通常置于句首。

2.常用形式主语(2)

代替,把真正的主语移至句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。常用-ing形式作主语的常考句型:

It + be + a waste of time doing... 做……是浪费时间的

It is / was no good / use doing... 做……是无益/用的

It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。

Is it any good trying to explain? 努力解释有任何好处吗? 3.在there be no结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do...”。常见的句型: There is no sense in doing... 做……没有道理

There is / was no use doing... 做……没用

There is / was no point doing... 做……无意义

4.动词-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。

二、动词-ing形式作宾语

1.动词-ing形式作动词或动词短语的宾语。常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词:enjoy, finish, mind, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, escape, excuse, imagine, miss, practise, risk, appreciate, admit, understand, give up, can’t help, can’t stand等。

2.want, require, need意为“需要”时,后跟动词-ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语,意义没有区别。

3.动词remember, forget, mean, regret, go on, stop, try,后跟动词-ing形式和跟不定式意义区别较大。

4.作介词宾语,下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或动词-ing形式:devote to, object to, py attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to, be used to等。

【答案】(1)经常性、习惯性

(2)it