Learning about Language教案设计范例

英语必修二第三单元

Unit 3 Computers The topic of this unit are information technology，history and basic knowledge of computers and robots。

The main theme is computers which is connected with teaching students a little more of the history and development of computers and applications computers will be vital to the modernization of China. It is important for students to understand that the development of computers has been a very recent thing which has only been 100 years since Charles Babbage began to make his first machine that was the predecessor of the personal computers we use today. Understanding the history of computers will help the students to see that there will be many changes ahead in the development of computers and arouse students` interest in learning computers. New words and collocations: calculate, universal, simplify, sum, operator, logical, technology, technological, revolution, artificial, intelligence, intelligent, solve, reality, personal, tube, total, net work, web, application, finance, mobile, rocket, explore, anyhow, goal, happiness, download, virus, signal, type, coach, arise, electronic, appearance, character, mop, niece, from….on…, as a result, so …that…, human race, in a way, with the help of, deal with, watch over Ability aims: arouse the students` great interest in learning computers and let them learn to use them in their daily life. Difficult points: how to develop students` reading skills, express their opinions and use personification and chronology when writing. Important points: let them learn more about the history and basic knowledge of computers and different reading skills.

Step 1 Leading in the topic 1. Show them some pictures of an abacus, a calculator, a huge computer, a laptop and a PC. In some groups, discuss what they have in common, and then rank them according to the time of their appearance. 2. Ask students to give their opinions and remind them of using the following expressions：I think that ……

In my opinion, ……

I believe that……

What`s your reason?

Why do you think so ? 3. Ask some students to talk about what they know about computers.

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A chain of events showing the development of computers.

A calculating machine in1642 →

An Analytical Machine in France →

A “universal machine” in 1936 →

The size of a large room →

Made smaller and smaller →

Clever and quicker →

A network in the early 1960s →

Brought into people`s homes in 1970s →

Many new applications since →Today

the 1970s →

Step 2. Predicting by talking free 1. Ask students to look at the heading and picture to guess what the passage might be about. 2. Ask some students to give their opinions by answering the question: How have computers changed our life? Do you know in what ways computers are used today?

Step 3. Reading 1. Look at the picture and title to predict what the passage might be about？

2. Read the passage fast for the topic sentence of each paragraph：

Paragraphs Topic sentences Para 1 I began as a calculating machine in 1642 in France。

Para 2 My memory improved Para 3 Since the 1970s have been found for me

3. Read the text carefully for the information to complete the table below, describing the development of computers In 1642

In 1936

By the 1940s

In the early 1960s

Since the 1970s

Now

4.

根据课文内容填空

Parts

Main ideas

Details

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Part I Part II Part III

The development In 1642, the computer was built as a(n) calculating of computers machine. Two hundred years later, the computer was built as a(n) analytical machine by Charles Babbage. In 1936, Alan Turing said the computer could be worked as a “universal machine”

to solve any difficult mathematical problem. By the 1940s, the computer was as large as a room. Later, the computer became smaller and smaller. Since the 1970s, the computer has been used in offices and houses. The computer can share its knowledge with others through the websites.

The improvement The memory of the computer was stored in tubes, of computer’s transistors and very small chips. memory Its memory has grown a lot since the network appeared. New applications Communication, finance and trade. of computers Robots, mobile phones and medical operations. Space rockets Providing the human race with a life of high quality.

5. Read the text again to underline the expressions and write down into their notebook after class as homework: begin as, a calculating machine, be built as, as that time, a technological revolution, artificial, intelligence, write a book, make…work as, solve problems, from then on, in size, both…and…, by the 1940s, go by, as a result, change one`s shape, so ….that…, be lonely, stand there by oneself, be connected by, share one`s knowledge with…, become important in…, put…into…., as well as, provide….with…, be filled with…, a devoted friend, the human race 5. Listen to the text and skim the text once more and identify the difficult sentences. Let them try analyzing the structures of them.

Step 4 Interview games Ask students to work in pairs. Suppose one is a journalist and the other is a computer, the journalist is interviewing the computer.

Step 5 Learning personification and chronology Personification means to treat something as if it were human or had human qualities. It

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is of the most effective ways of using words figuratively.

Chronology means to describe things in order of time which is often used in recounting an event or describing the life of someone. It is an effective way to make a mass of things clear. An version: I, the computer, was a calculating machine in 1642 in France. Then I was built as an Analytical Machine, which was a technological revolution. I became a “universal machine” in 1936 to solve any mathematical problem. I was not very big at first then I became huge, the size of a large room before I was made smaller and smaller. I became clever and quicker and was connected with other computers and turned out to be part of a network in the early 1960s. I was brought into people`s, and many new applications have been found for me.

Step 5 Closing down by spoken practice Talk about the development of computers by answering the questions: 1). Do you have your own computer at home? 2). How familiar with computers do you think you are? 3). How many times do you access the Internet newspaper in a week? 4). How many times do you access the World Wide Web in a week? 5). How many times do you send the e-mails in a week? 6). How many hours do you spend in internet “chat” group in a week? 7). Do you think the commercial services on the net are reliable? 8). In general, how positive or negative an experience is it for you to work with computers? 9). In general, what effects do you think the computer technology has had on your study? 10). In general, what effects do you think the computer technology has on human societies and cultures?

Step 6 Homework 1. Go over the text, and try to learn all the useful words and expressions by heart 2. Finish the exercises in comprehending on page 19.

Artificial intelligence means man-made intelligence while “real intelligence”

is the intelligence that human that human beings are born with. The term “artificial” includes all the calculations that a computer can do. It is different from human intelligence because it only works with electricity and can be turned off when the machine is unplugged fro the

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wall. Transistors are a way of sending and storing information that only take up a small space. They meant that computer could be made smaller and they led to computers becoming small and personal. A network is a number of computers that are joined together so that they all show the same program. So a number of students can work in the same room on the same program but at different computers. The Internet (WWW) is a worldwide information resource where people can do research, go shopping or sending messages to friends. When they send messages they do it by “e-mail” or “electronic mail”. The messages are sent by satellite to special place on the ground that can receive them. Them they are sent to the address where the person can open them and read them like a letter. The 1970s was when computers became small enough to come into people`s homes. These computers are called “personal computers”.

The second period: Learning about important language points

Knowledge aims: 1. Get students to learn and grasp the important useful new words and expressions: calculating, calculator, PC, laptop, common, simplify, simple-minded, artificial intelligence, anyhow, totally, network, truly, race, birth, go by, deal with, human race 2. Important useful sentence patterns:

1) I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.

2) As time went by, I was made smaller and smaller.

3)And my memory became so large that even I couldn`t believe it. 3. Ability aims:

Get students to use some useful new words and expressions correctly. 4. Emotion aims:

Stimulate students` interest in learning English and the spirit of cooperation. 5. Important points:

Enable them to grasp the usages of such important new words and expressions as common, any how, in common, in one`s opinion, deal with, etc. Get them to master the pattern “And my memory became so large that even I couldn`t believe it.”

6. Difficult points: How to get the students to master the usages of the important expressions

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Get students to understand some difficult and long sentences.

Step 1 Revision Check the homework exercises. Ask some students to retell the development of computers.

Step 2 Vocabulary study 1. Ask students to fill in the form according to the requirement.

n.

adv. calculate calculator true truly technological technology personal personally intelligent intelligence total totally 2. Review the new words and expressions in all the parts and have a dictation.

Step 3 Practice for useful words and expressions 1. Let students do exercise 1 in Learning about Language on page 20 and then check the answers. 2. Question students on the meanings of those new words which will be used in Exercise 2 in Learning about Language on page 20.

3. Explanation of some important words and expressions. 1). common：usual or familiar; happening or found often in many places; shared by, belong to, done by or affecting most of the same group. Snow is common in cold countries. We shared a common purpose. He and I have a common interest; we both collect stamps. The common man in every country is anxious for the world peace. His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. This book is intended for the general reader, nor for the specialist.

in common with

have nothing / something / little / a lot in common 2). calculate: work out by using numbers or one`s judgment; estimate Calculate the cost of a journey Scientists have calculated that the world`s population will double by the end of the century. I calculate that we will reach Beijing at about 3 pm. Be calculated for / to It is calculated that ….

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Calculate on / upon 3) simplify This dictionary tries to simplify the meanings of words.

4). so…that…

He is such a kind man that everyone likes him. He started so early in the morning that he caught the first train. Those were such expensive books that we couldn`t afford to buy them. I made so many mistakes that I failed the exam. There is so little time that we couldn`t finish the task on time. 5). in a way

You`re quite right in a way. on the way be in the way make one`s way feel one`s way 6). arise: become evident; appear; originate A new difficult has arisen. Use this money when the need arises. Arise from / out of sth. : follow as a result of sth. 4. Sentence focus 1). I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.

A walking stick, a swimming poo, a washing machine, a sleeping boy, exciting news 动名词作定语表示所修饰的名词的用途

2). In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.

how I could be made to work as a “universal machine”

to solve any difficult mathematical problem.是宾语从句

3). however, this reality also worried my designers. However.adv.可是, 然而; conj. 不论, 不管; We haven`t yet won, however, we shall try again. He hasn`t arrived,. He may, however, come later. He can answer the question however(=no matter how) hard it is. However sly(狡猾) a fox may be, it is no match for a good hunter. You will be lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Sally was amused, but I was very embarrassed. 4). As time went by, I was made smaller.

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as time went by是时间状语从句,主句的谓语形式是一般过去时的被动语态. 5). Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told. 比喻句子

An elephant never forget. 大象永远不会遗忘. 6). And my memory became so large that even I couldn`t believe it.用so….that….引导结果状语从句

So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright by day. so连同它所修饰的形容词或者副词放在句首,表示强调.

Step 4 Using words, expressions and patterns 1. Do exercises 1 and 2 on page 56 in Using words and expressions 2. Translate the sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets. 1). 在老师的帮助下, 你会发现处理和分享信息是不难的. (with the help of) 2). 你很容易通过因特网与世界各地的人们进行交流. (communicate) 3). 为每位教师购置一台电脑要花费很多钱,但这很值得. (After all) 4). 她电脑用得好,现在很少用纸和笔写字了. (so…..that….) 5). 如果出现新的情况, 他们会补充新的程序. (make up)

Step 5 Homework Finish off the Workbook exercises Learn the new words and expressions by heart

The third period: Learning about grammar

Step 1 Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Dictate some new words and expressions. 3. Translate the sentences into English

1). 这消息太好了,简直不能相信.

2). 他走得太匆忙了,以至于忘了带伞.

Step 2 Grammar revision 1. Revise the passive voice:

the present passive voice: be + p.p; the present future passive voice: shall / will be + p. p 2. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the verb given.

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1). Sailing races are held (hold) on the lake at 11 Tuesday.

2). Food is served (serve) between 12:00 and 14:00 every day.

3). Nobody will be allowed (allow) to enter the stadium without a ticket.

4). Whoever breaks the law, he will be punished (punish).

Step 3 Grammar learning 1. Reading aloud and discovering by asking students to go back to page 18 to read the passage Who am I ? to pick out the present perfect passive voice and translate them into Chinese.

Over time I have been changed quite a lot.

I have been used in offices and home since the 1970s.

I never forget anything I have been told.

Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.

I have also been put into space rockets…

I have even been robots and used to make mobilphones. 2. Look and think to sum up the structure of the present perfect passive voice: Have / has + been + p.p

Step 4 Grammar practice have / has done--------have / has been done现在完成时以及被动语态

1.

Change the following into the present perfect passive voice. We have made a plan. He has fixed the computer.

We have bought a new personal computer. We have found many problems with our new computer. They have built a PC the way we wanted. We have used the computer every day since we bought it. We have written a lot of emails on the computer in the past years. 2.

Check errors in these sentences. 3000 employees were laying off / laid off. A story will / be made up. An idea was putted / put forward for discussion. Has the book been give / given back to you yet? My bank loan will be payed / paid off in five years time. Nothing can be hold / held against me. She has never / been heard of. She was being /x knocked down by a bus.

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She was letted / let off with a fine. The candle was blow /blown

out by the draught. The criminal were / was locked up. The flood water was be / x kept back by barriers. The inconvenience will

/ be made up for by this money. The keys must have been being / x left behind. The old cinema is being pull / pulled down. The protesters

/ are being held back by the police. Your jacket can be hanged / hang up over there.

Step 5 consolidation Ask the students to do the exercises in Using structures on page 57.

Step 6 Homework Finish off the workbook exercises. Preview the passage Andy-The Android on page 23. find the sentences in which the present perfect voice has been used, and see if you can put it into the active voice.

Computer jargon (计算机行话) Bit : the smallest data unit, can either be a “0” or a “1”

Byte: unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Nibble. CPU: Central Processing Unit, another name for processor Data: information stored on a computer Disk: A place to store data Load: Get data from a disk Save: Put data on a disk USB: Universal Serial Bus WWW: World Wide Web, part of the Internet

The Fourth period: Using Language: Listening and Talking

Knowledge aims:

(1). Get the students to learn some useful new words and expressions;

(2). Let the students learn the expressions of giving opinions, reasoning and making a decision: I think that….., in my opinion, ……., I think this is because ……., I don`t like this ……, the advantage is….., let`s make our decision to do ……, I have decided …..

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Ability aims: enable them to catch and understand the listening materials to develop their listening ability.

Important points: develop the students` listening and speaking ability to master different listening skills. Let them learn how to give opinions, reasons and make a decision. Difficult points: how to get them to listen and understand the materials correctly and how to develop their speaking ability.

Step 1 Revision Check the homework exercises. Ask some students to translate some sentences using the present perfect passive voice.

Step 2 Warming up by talking about IT What is information technology/ Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.

Step 3 Listening and speaking on page 22 Listen to the conversation about different kinds of information technology. Discuss the topic and add some advantages and disadvantages, write down the advantages and disadvantages in the chart on page 22.

Step 4 Listening on page 55 1. Ask students to look at the 4 pictures and listen to the tape to find the three mentioned in the listening text and number them. 2. Let them look at the boxes and then listen to the tape part by part to fill in the boxes.

Step 5 Talking on page 55 1. Ask the students to read the directions and the expressions of giving opinions, reasoning and making a decision given below. 2. Let the students list the advantages and disadvantages of each robot. 3. Ask them have a discussion and make a decision which one is the best and give some reasons.

Step 6 listening task on page 58

1. Ask students to discuss the following questions:

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What can the androids do for our everyday life? What else can they do for human beings? What can the androids do all these useful things for human beings? What are the similarities between robots and human beings? What are the differences between robots and human beings? Can androids become human beings in the future? 2. Ask students to read the directions and listen to the tape to fill in the blank. 3. Let students have a discussion on the rights that androids should have so that they will be treated better.

Step 7 Homework

Finish off the Workbook exercises

Preview the passage Andy—the android.

The fifth period: Using language: Reading and Speaking

This unit , the teaching emphasis will be put on developing students` reading abilities by reading extensively and speaking abilities by using the expressions of giving opinions, reasoning and making a decision to discuss in groups the advantages and disadvantages of having sporting robots take the place of human players. Ability aims: train students` speaking ability and enable them to learn how to give opinions, reasoning and make a decision. Important points:

(1). Develop the students` reading skills by extensive reading.

(2).Train students` speaking abilities by using the expressions giving opinions, reasoning and making a decision. Difficult points: how to get them learn to use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning. How to give opinions, reasons and make a decision.

Step 1. Revision 1. Check the homework exercises. 2. Ask the students to go over Using words and expressions on page 56 to know more about the computers.

Step 2. Warming up by a group discussion 1. Ask students to talk about Andy—the android.

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2. Divide the students into several groups to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having sporting robots to take the place of human players.

Step 3 Reading the Sporting Robot on page 58-59 1. Look at the title and pictures and then guess what the passage is about. 2. Skim for the answer to the following questions.

What is Hua Fei?

What is Hua Fei good at?

What can it do?

Did Hua Fei win any medal in the 79th Olympics?

What problem does Hua Fei have now? 3. Scan the text to get the detailed information and then do the exercise 1 on page 59.

4. Practice reading aloud the second paragraph while listening to the tape.

Step 4 Speaking task on page 59-60 Have a discussion to work out the questions to be used to interview Hua Fei. After several minutes, ask some students to play it out.

Step 5 Summing up Ask the students to think over the following questions and then sum up the expressions and the passage. 1). What expressions do you use when giving opinions, reasons and making a decision. 2). How do you feel after reading the passage The Sporting Robot? Do you think what will happen?

Step 6 Homework Finish off the Workbook exercises. Find out information about robots and share with your classmates.

The sixth period: Using language: Speaking, Reading and Writing

The emphasis of this unit is laid on developing students` writing ability which is the best way to test if students have mastered what they have learned. Ability aims: Get the students to learn to think creatively. Important points: Develop students` writing ability by using the expressions to give

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opinions, reasons and make a decision. Difficult points: How to get them to think creatively to understand others` feelings.

Step 1. Revision

1. Check the homework. 2. Fill in the chart to review the expressions. Give opinions Give

reasons Make a decision I think that…. I think this is better, because…. Let`s make our decision…

In my opinion, …. The advantage / disadvantages I have decided…. I believe that…. are….

Step 2 Warming up

Imagine computers can be put into different kinds of android. Show students some pictures of different kinds of android. Talk about football androids or other sporting androids.

Step 3 Reading Read the passage Andy—the android and underline all the useful expressions and new words. Read it again to get the main idea.

Step 4 Discussing how to design an android Discuss how to design their own android, the following questions may help: What would you like it to be? What would you like it to do?

Step 5 Selling computers First, have a discussion in pairs intending to sell computer to someone.

Then get them write a report to persuade the other to buy the robot by giving 3 or more reasons.

Step 6 Writing

Suppose you are a famous reporter. You have interviewed Hua Fei, a sporting robot. Now you write a news article for the school newspaper. 1. Show them English newspapers and let them discuss how to make a heading for news article. 2. Ask students in groups to discuss and decide what the heading will be and what the

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best things are to be written. 3. Students finish their articles.

Step 7 Homework Finish writing on page 23 and write it down on your exercise book.

补充练习

1. Fill in the blanks with the words or their proper forms in the box. brain, birth, choice, intelligence, material, move, notebook, race, revolution, technology, in a way, with the help of, deal with, watch over, share...with, divide...into 1) The teacher told his students to bring out their notebooks to put down what he said.

2) The army offices led a / an revolution against the king.

3) Many advanced technologies have been introduced to this factory from abroad.

4) Use your intelligence, and you are sure to achieve something.

5) Mrs. White gave birth to a fine healthy baby in her late thirties.

6) Some of the best brains in the province are here tonight.

7) One careless move loses the whole game.

8) She had to make a / an choice between the two dresses.

9) White races are more respected than the black in Africa.

10) It is said that he is collecting materials for his book.

11) Sara got injured in a train accident half a year ago and suffered from back pain from then on.

12) Have these pills three times a day and if they don’t work out, just go back to me.

13) All the volunteers were divided into four groups according to their abilities and strengths.

14) Bob told us a funny joke. As a result, the whole room was filled with laughter.

15) Miss Lin often shares her students’ interesting ideas with their parents by email.

16) With the help of the computer and the Internet, I have made several e-friends from America and Canada.

17) Making a plan before you do something can help you deal with some unexpected situations.

18) In a way, the Internet may have negative influence on teenagers by the bad information on it.

19) An expert swimmer was trained and employed to watch over other swimmers at the swimming pool.

20) The whole sum was so big that the boss had to have another person calculate it

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again.

2. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. be close to, in common, in one`s opinion, go by, with the help, after all, watch over, deal with, in a way, make up

1). Though they are twins, they have nothing in common.

2). In my opinion, you are wrong.

3). Two years went by before we knew it. 4). I don`t know how to deal with the bad children. 5). The teacher asked the children to make up a story about a trip to the moon. 6). It has turned out to be a nice day after all. 7). The man is being watched over by the police. 8). With the help of the teacher, I succeeded in doing the experiments. 9). In a way, the strange animal looks like a bear. 10). Computers are used to connect people who are not close enough to speak each other.

3.

Choose the best answers. 1). Millions of pound`s worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused

B. had been caused C. will be caused

D. will have been caused 2). A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built

B. is built

C. has been built

D. is being built 3). The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____. A. has broken into; has been stolen

B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen

D. had been broken into; stolen 4). ____ the sports meet might be put off. -----Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I have been told

B. I have told

C. I am told

D. I told 5). All the preparations for the task _____, and we are ready to start. A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed 6). Both my brothers work at the power station that _____ at my home town. A. has set up

B. has been set up

C. was set up

D. is set up 7). ------ The window is dirty. ------ I know. It _____ for weeks.

A. hasn`t cleaned

B. didn`t clean

C. wasn`t cleaned

D. hasn`t been cleaned

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8). Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms.

A. was called

B. is called

C. had been called

D. has been called 9). There have been six Chinese Americans who _____ the Nobel Prize for their outstanding contributions to science so far. A. have been awarded B. had been awarded C. were awarded D. awarded 10). Jim asked whether my father was one of those sailors who ____ to Somalia.

A. has been sent B. have been sent C. have sent D. has sent 11). More and more websites _____ on the Internet in recent years to help children solve psychological problems. A. has set up B. was set up C. have been set up D. had been set up 12). When and how to start the new plan at school ____ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided

C. had not been decided D. has not been decided 13). ----Did you see the bottle of cola I drank last night?

----I suppose it _____ by now. A. was thrown B. had been thrown

C. has been thrown

D. is thrown 14). Do pay attention to what _____ on my notebook. A. has marked B. has been marked

C. had marked

D. had been marked 15). Although medical science develop rapidly, the useful methods to treat AIDS _____. A. didn’t discover

B. haven’t discovered

C. Hadn’t been discovered

D. Haven’t been discovered 16). -----The flight to New York _____ until tomorrow morning

-----No wonder I hear so many complains from the passengers. A. has been delayed

B. delays

C. delayed D. is being delayed 17). So far, five of the twelve bronze animals heads in Yuanmingyuan _____. A. have been returned

B. have returned

C. has been returned D. returned 18). More homeless people _____ by the government this year than last year. A. saved B. have been saved C. had been saved D. have saved

4.

Turn the following sentences into passive voice. 1). They asked me to come a little late. →I ____ _____ to come a little late. 2). Women often talk about food and clothes. →Food and clothes _____ often _____ _____ by women. 3). Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing?

→_____ this kind of truck _____ in Nanjing? 4). We must clean our teeth twice a day.

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→Our teeth _____ _____ _____ twice a day. 5). Can I answer this question in simple English? →

____ this question _____ _____ in simple English? 6). They will build a new road next year. →A new road ____ _____ _____ next year. 7). I have read the book many times. →The book _____ _____ ______ many times by me. 8). They said they had built quite a few tall buildings in their hometown. →They said quite a few tall buildings _____ _____ _____ in their hometown. 9). They were repairing the machine at this time yesterday. →The machine ____ _____ _____ at this time yesterday. 10).They are discussing the problem now. →The problem _____ _____ ______ by them now.

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