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人教新课标必修四Unit 3 Grammar现在分词用法

动词

语态

形式

一般式

完成式

功能：现在分词常表示动作或状态，具有形容词的特征，可做

定语，状语，补语。

动名词动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语。

I.作定语

单个分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词之前（也有少数例外，如concerned, invited）；分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；其作用相当于一个定语从句，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。

（动名词）表功能用途、作用a swimming pool

a walking stick （现在分词）表主动进行

a running boy

the girl standing there

改写下列句子：

1.The child who is sleeping is only five years old.

→The ______ child is only five years old.

2.Do you know the man who is standing at the gate?→ Do you know the man __________________?

3.The house which is being built belongs to him. →The house ______________ belongs to him. 4.There is a___________ (swim) pool in our school, which is free of charge. 练一练

1) The flowers __ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2) The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ___ the desert

A. covering B. covered C. to cover D. cover 3) When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 4) I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _______ Chinese in the school, most of whom were from Germany. A. study B. study

C. studying D. studied 5)The next thing he saw was smoke

from behind the house. A. rose

B. rising

C. to rise

D. risen

1 及物动词make 主动语态

making having made 被动语态

being made having been made 不及物动词go 主动语态

going having gone

II.作表语

Seeing is believing.

His job is teaching us geography.

The story is moving. 结论：动名词作表语，说明主语的内容；现在分词做表语，表示主语的性质特征。

III.作宾语补足语：表示主语正在进行的动作或处于的状态，与宾语是逻辑的主谓关系

If I catch you doing it again, I won’t let you go.

We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.

1.可以带复合宾语的动词有look at, see, watch, observe, notice; hear, listen to; feel, have,catch, find, keep等。

He kept us ________ (wait)for a whole hour.

He was last seen ________ (play) by the river. 2.在see, observe, watch, notice ,hear, feel等动词后，既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语。两者的差别在于：用现在分词，表示动作正在发生或进行；用不定式时表示动作的全过程（动作已经结束）。

When I entered the room, I saw him trying on the new coat.

I saw him put on his coat and walk out.

We had the fire burning all day.（我们使火燃烧了一整天。）

3.现在分词作宾补时，结构变成被动语态时位置以及形式不变。不定式作宾补变成被动语态时，则要加不定式符号to.

1)They kept us waiting for a whole hour. (变为被动)

We_______________ for a whole hour.

2)I saw him put on his coat and walk out. (变为被动) He _________________ his coat and walk out.

IV.作状语：

①时间状语：Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother.

When crossing the street, you must be careful.

②原因状语：

Not finishing his homework, he didn’t want to go school. ③方式或伴随状语：

Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty.

④结果状语His father died, leaving him alone.

现在分词一般式

doing作状语

(时间，条件，原因，伴随，结果)。

1）When he heard the news, he jumped with joy. → _______ the news, he jumped with joy.

2）We stood there and watched the film. →

We stood there, ______ the film.

3）Because I didn’t know his telephone number, I didn’t call him.

→ _________ his

telephone number, I didn’t call him.

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4）Because he was studying attentively, he didn’t look up when I came in.

→_______ attentively, he didn’t look up when I came in.

结论：现在分词一般式

doing作状语，由表“主动”的从句简化而成，

表示分词动作和主句动作___________发生。否定形式为

__________________。

练一练

1) When _____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared

2) _____ very delicious, the food in this market was sold out soon. A. Tasting B. Tasted C. Having been tasted D. Being tasted

3) He walked as fast as he could, ____ to get there on time. A. to hope B. being hoped C. hoping D. hoped 现在分词完成式

having done作状语

1) Because he has suffered cancer for many years, he becomes optimistic about everything. =

______ __________cancer for many years, he becomes optimistic about everything. 2) After he had finished his work, he went out to have a walk. = ________ __________his work, he went out to have a walk. 结论：现在分词完成式

having done作状语，分词动作的持续性或分词动作发生在主句动作_______________。否定形式为

_________________ 练一练

1) The old man, ___ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked

2) ____ in the long queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited

3) _____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

4) _______ the programmes, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having completed

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练习

1. Listen! Do you hear someone ______________(call) for help? 2.______________ (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 3. Dina, ___________(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. 4.It rained heavily in the south, ____________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces. 5. —Come on, please give me some ideas abut the project.

—Sorry. With so much work ____________(fill) my mind, I almost break down. 6.

The room is empty except for a bookshelf ______________(stand) in one corner. 7.

His speech is _____________(inspire). 8.

I’m sorry to have you __________(wait) for so long . 9.

(look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.

10.

When we visited my old family home, memory came _____________(flood) back.

参考答案：

作定语

1. sleeping

2. standing at the gate

3. being built

4. swimming

BACCB 作宾语补足语

1. waiting

playing

3. were kept waiting

was seen to put

作状语

1）Hearing

2) watching

3) Not knowing

4) Studying

同时

not doing 练一练

AAC

Having suffered

Having finished

之前

not having done DCCC 1.

calling

2. Approaching

3. having struggled

4. causing

5. filled

6. standing

7. inspiring

8. waiting

9. Looking

10. flooding

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