Using LanguageⅠ教学创新设计

Learning about Language

Ⅰ.选词填空

virtue, leisure, merciful, elect, sow 1．What do you do in your leisure time? 2．Patience is one of her virtues. 3．We elected him monitor. 4．He is considered to be a merciful man. 5．When is the best time to sow wheat? Ⅱ.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词

1．framework n．

构架，结构

2．feast n. 盛宴，宴会

3．weed n. 杂草，野草

4．ministry n. 部

5．skip vt. 跳过

6．cast vt. 投下

7．undertake vt. 着手做，从事

8．spoonful n. 一匙之量

9．relay vt.转达；传送n.接力赛

10．collision n．相撞→collide v．相撞

11．edition n．版本→edit v．编辑→editor n．编辑

12．preservation n．维护，保存→preserve vt.维护，保护；保持，维持13．thirst n．口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的

Ⅲ.补全短语

1．show off

炫耀，夸耀

2．knock into sb. 撞上某人

3．take up 开始从事；占据

4．pick up 捡起；搭车；好转；无意中学会

5．refer to 指的是，提到；参考；涉及

6．keep an eye on 监视

7．date back 追溯到

8．by nature 天性的，生性的

9．no doubt 无疑，很可能

10．after all 终究；毕竟

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1．What if some married people have affairs? 如果有些已婚的人有婚外情怎么办呢？

[句式分析] What if ...？意为“要是……怎么样？”，what引导的主句为省略形式。

[佳句赏析] 要是他不来怎么办？

What if he doesn't come? 2．Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than

just the alleys that connect the courtyards. 现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子。

[句式分析] more than“不仅仅，不只是”。

[佳句赏析] 他不只是我们的老师，还是我们的朋友。

He is more than a teacher to us and he is our friend. 3．By connecting people's homes, the hutongs in fact connected people's lives, whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens. 胡同不仅使家家户户相通，实际上不论是富人还是普通人，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。

[句式分析] whether ... or ...连接两个并列部分，表示“是……还是……；不论……还……”。

[佳句赏析] (2017·天津高考满分作文)不管我功课忙不忙，我都会设法找出时间和我的朋友出去玩。

Whether I'm busy with the lessons or not, I'll manage to find time to hang out with my friends.

As we all know, Beijing is famous for its hutongs and the Great Wall. If you visit Beijing, which one do you want to visit best and why?

I want to visit the Great Wall. China's Great Wall is known to the world as one of the seven great wonders of the world. It is located in North China. It is over 6,000 kilometres in length and 25 feet high in average. The ancient people started to build the wall in the 7th Century BC with earth, brick and stone, and joined it in the Qin Dynasty. The Great

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Wall was built in ancient China to keep out invaders, however, it is now regarded as one of the most important tourist spots in our country or even in the whole world. Every year, it is visited by thousands of people from all over the world.

Ⅰ.Fast­reading

Answer the following questions according to the text.

1．What do foreigners want to see in Beijing? The grand sights of the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and the hutongs. 2．When were the most of Beijing's hutongs built? The majority of Beijing's hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. 3．What's the function of the hutongs? The hutongs connect people's homes and people's lives, as well as Beijing's past and present. 4．What did the government do with the hutongs after 1949? The government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs. 5．How about the longest and narrowest hutongs? The longest hutong, Rongxian, is 2 km long; the narrowest, Qianshi, is only 40 cm wide. Ⅱ.Careful­reading

Read the text again and fill in the chart with the information in the text.

Paragraphs Main ideas Details Originally, the hutong refers to the (1)many little Definition of the hutong alleys connecting the courtyards of traditional houses. Now “hutong” also refers to the (2)courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there. History of hutongs Life Most hutongs in Beijing were built between (3)the 13th and 19th centuries. Hutongs made it easier for the rulers to (4)keep control over the city. Hutongs connect people's homes as well as (5)people's Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3

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connection lives. People living in hutongs share their (6)joy and sadness. Towards (7)the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Paragraph 4 Bad times for hutongs conditions in Beijing's hutongs went down. (8)The turning point came when the People's Republic of China was founded. Paragraph 5 Hutongs today Hutongs are still an (9)important part of Beijing life. The hutongs not only connect Beijing's streets and communities, but also its (10)past and present.

考点1 [教材原句] Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value ... 没人有炫耀的欲望，而且黄金和白银都没有价值……

He's showing off his new car. 他在炫耀自己的新车。

This is your chance to show off your talents to the people interviewing you. 这可是向面试官展现你才能的时机。

on show

show sb. in/out show sb. around show up 公开展出

带某人进来/出去

带某人参观某个地方

到达；显现出来；使别人难堪

show off 炫耀；夸耀

It was getting late when she finally showed up. 天色已晚，她终于赶到了。

We were shown around the school by one of the students. 我们由一名学生领着参观了学校。

1．介、副词填空

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①It's bad manners to show off your wealth before others. ②Show the visitor in as soon as he arrives.Don't make him wait around in the corridor. ③Before I started to work, the secretary showed me around the company. ④He went to meet his e­pal, but she never showed up. 2．根据汉语提示完成小片段

⑤虽然屠呦呦获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，但她并不愿意在公众面前炫耀自己。所以她很少出现在电视屏幕上。

Though Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, she doesn't like to show herself off in public. Therefore she seldom shows up on the TV screen. 考点2 [教材原句] There is a leader in each area of the town and each town has an elected

leader. 城镇里的每个地区都有一个领导人，每个城镇都有一个选出来的领导人。

elect sb. (as) president/mayor/leader 推选/选举某人为总统/市长/领导

elect to do sth. 选定/决定做某事

elect v．推举，推选

They elected Tom (as) their representative. 他们选举汤姆作为他们的代表。

Mr. Zhang was elected headmaster last month. 张老师上个月被选为校长。

Many people elect to work (work) at home nowadays.

现在许多人选择在家工作。

1．单句语法填空

①She became the first black woman elected (elect) to the senate (参议院)．

②He has elected to become (become) an engineer when he grows up. 2．单句改错

③At last Mr Brown was elected (as) the chairman of the committee.去掉第一个the 3．完成句子

④We elected her (as) chairman (选举她担任主席) of the board of education. ⑤He elected to become (决定成为) a doctor after graduation. 考点3 [教材原句]

5 merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的

The government is merciful

but if someone behaves really badly they can be made into slaves ... 政府是很仁慈的，但如果有人行为非常恶劣，他们将会成为奴隶……

He is considered as a merciful man by his neighbours. 他的邻居们认为他是一个宽厚的人。

(1)be merciful to

(2)mercy n. without mercy at the mercy of show mercy to ＝ have mercy on Please show mercy to the child. 请对这孩子仁慈一点吧。

They killed the injured animals without mercy.

他们残忍地杀死了受伤的动物。

They were lost, at the mercy of the wind and waves. 他们迷了路，任凭风和海浪的摆布。

1．单句语法填空

①The town lay at the mercy of the invaders. ②He had little mercy on the slaves. ③The headmaster is merciful to his employees. ④She was merciful (mercy) to the old. 2．句型转换

⑤He showed his enemies no mercy.

→He showed no mercy to his enemies. She asked them to show mercy to the prisoners. ⑥She asked them to be merciful to the prisoners. ⑦She asked them to have mercy on the prisoners. 考点4 [教材原句] There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road! 那里每周至少有一次车祸，我今天差点儿撞上一个正在过马路的人！

If you knock into

someone, you'd better say “I'm sorry”．

6 对……宽厚/仁慈

仁慈；宽恕；幸运；恩惠

残忍地

任由……摆布

对……仁慈/宽恕

knock into sb.

撞上某人；偶然遇上

如果你撞到某人身上，你最好说句“对不起”。

I knocked into an old friend while I was having a trip in Beijing last week. 上星期我在北京旅游时碰见一位老朋友。

knock at/on

knock down/over knock off knock out 敲……

打倒，撞倒

停止，中断；下班，收工

使失去知觉；击败，使……淘汰(出局) A boy was knocked down/over by a passing car but fortunately he was unhurt. 一个男孩被一辆路过的汽车撞倒了，不过幸好他没有受伤。

Please knock on/at the door before you come in next time. 下次在你进来之前请先敲门。

France knocked Belgium out in the football match. 在这次足球赛中，法国队击败了比利时队。

What time do you knock off this afternoon? 你今天下午什么时候下班？

[联想发散] 想一想，我们学过的表示“偶然遇到”的短语，除knock into外还有哪些？请完成下列短语。

①run into

③come across

⑤meet ... by chance

1．介、副词填空

①It is a good manner to say “sorry” when you knock into someone. ② It is impolite to enter a room without knocking at the door. ③The boy was too careless to knock a glass over. ④The workers are allowed to knock off the work early to watch the football match. 2．句型转换

⑤Tom came across one of his old classmates while travelling in Shanghai. →Tom knocked into one of his old classmates while travelling in Shanghai. ⑥The scientist was thinking a problem when he ran into a tree.

→The scientist was thinking a problem when he knocked into a tree. 考点5 [教材原句]

7 ②run across ④meet with pick up

拾起；用车去接；收听，接收；继续；好转；学会(语言)；偶然结识；(便宜地)买到

Though sometimes my neighbour picks me up in the morning and takes me there in her car. 有时我邻居在早晨用车去接我并用车送我到那里。

He picked the book up for me and left. 他为我拾起了那本书然后走了。

The bus picks up passengers outside the airport. 公共汽车在机场外接乘客。

You will soon pick up health after taking some medicine. 吃些药很快你就会恢复健康。

[语境串记] The driver wanted to pick up

the man picking up

an English programme now but he picked up the book on the floor and went home on foot. 这位司机想让那个正在收听英语节目的人上车但是那个人拾起地上的一本书，步行回家了。

1．写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思

①We were able to pick up the BBC world service.接收

②Here's a tip I picked up from my mother.学会

③We managed to pick up a few bargains at the auction.(便宜地)买到

④Will you pick up all your toys？拾起

2．完成句子

⑤今年销售额增长了14%。

Sales have picked up 14% this year. ⑥她居住在墨西哥时学会了一些西班牙语。

She picked up some Spanish when she was living in Mexico. 考点6 [教材原句] They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements. 然后他们就可以在各个胡同口设置哨兵，这样更便于监督人们的活动。

We have asked the neighbours to keep an eye on the house for us while we are away. 我们已经请邻居在我们离开时帮我们照看房子。

keep one's word/promise

keep in touch with

keep an eye on

监视；注意；留心；照料

信守诺言

与……保持联系

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keep up with keep ... out of/in 赶上，不落在后面

不使……入内/出去

keep ... in mind ＝ learn ... by heart 把某事记在心里

keep away from ＝ keep off 不(使)接近

She kept her promise to visit them. 她遵守诺言去看望他们了。

Her illness kept her away from work for several weeks. 她病得好几周都上不了班。

1．用keep短语的适当形式填空

①You'd better keep an eye on your wallet when getting on a bus. ②Would you slow down a bit, please? I can't keep up with you. ③They always keep the interests of the people in mind. 2．完成句子

④并非所有的变化我都能跟得上。

I can't keep up with all the changes. ⑤他们点燃篝火防止野兽靠近。

They lit a fire to keep away from/keep off wild animals. 考点7 [教材原句] Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the conditions in Beijing's hutongs went down as the political situation cast a dark cloud on China's economy. 到了清朝末年，中国的经济受到政治动荡的影响，北京胡同的状况也是每况愈下。

The fisherman cast his line into the water. 那位渔夫把渔线抛入水中。

She cast a welcoming smile in his direction. 她向他微笑以示欢迎。

cast a shadow/cloud on/over sth. cast a look/glance at sb./sth. cast down cast sb. into prison 给……投下一层阴影

向……看一眼

使垂下；使沮丧

把某人投入监狱

cast vt.(cast, cast)投下；投以(笑容、视线)；投射(光、影子)；扔；抛

Her father's illness cast a shadow over/on her wedding ceremony.

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她父亲的病给她的婚礼投下了阴影。

She was much cast down when she failed to be admitted into the university. 当她没有被大学录取时，她非常沮丧。

1．介词填空

①The flames cast dancing shadows on/over the walls. ②She cast a glance at me and left in a hurry. 2．完成句子

③He was cast down (沮丧) for several days after he heard his football team was defeated. ④He was said to have been cast into prison (被投入监狱). 考点8 [教材原句] Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook

the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs. 胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。

We can undertake the work for the time being. 我们可以暂时从事这项工作。

Our side won't undertake any extra responsibility whatever happens. 不管发生什么事情，我方不承担任何额外的责任。

Today, whether you are male or female, you have to undertake lots of pressure. 如今，无论你是男是女，都不得不承受许多压力。

undertake to do sth.

undertake that ... 许诺/同意做某事

保证/担保……

undertake (undertook, undertaken)

vt.着手做，从事；承担；许诺

He undertook to pay the money back within six months. 他保证六个月之内还钱。

The government undertook that the buildings would not be redeveloped. 政府承诺不会改造这些大楼。

[名师点津] undertake没有undertake sb. that ...结构。

1．句型转换

①He undertook that he would finish the work by Monday.

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→He undertook to finish the work by Monday. ②You should be responsible for the accident.

→You should undertake responsibility for the accident. 2．完成句子

③我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。

We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low­carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance. ④他很忙，却答应本周五之前完成那项工作。

He was busy, but he undertook to finish the job by this Friday. ⑤此项工程由委员会承担。

The project was undertaken by members of the committee. 考点9 [教材原句] They can walk up Sanmiao Street, which dates back

900 years, wander down Rongxian — the longest hutong at 2 km or squeeze through Qianshi — the narrowest at only 40 cm wide! 他们可以走在上溯至900年前的三庙街上，漫步在绒线胡同——2千米的最长的胡同，或穿行于钱市胡同——只有40厘米宽的最狭窄的胡同！

date back to ＝ date from

to date ＝ up to now/so far 始于；追溯到(后接时间点) 到目前为止

date back

追溯到(后接时间段)

out of date

过时的；陈旧的作表语

 最新的；现代的out­of­date

过时的；陈旧的作定语

 最新的；现代的The Great Wall of China dates back to (＝dates from) the Qin Dynasty. 中国长城始建于秦朝。

The clothes look up to date, but they will soon be out of date. 这些衣服看起来是最时髦的，但是不久就会过时。

We haven't got further information to date. 到目前为止，我们尚未获得进一步的消息。

[名师点津] date from/date back to常指“以现在为起点”向前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时；没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。

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1．单句语法填空

①This temple has a long history dating (date) from the early period of the Tang Dynasty. ②Dating from 1980s, our friendship gave both of us pleasure. ③To date there has been no improvement in his condition. 2．完成句子

④前几天在罗马我们参观了一座始建于公元六世纪的古老教堂。

The other day we paid a visit to an ancient church building in Rome, dating back to/dating from the sixth century. ⑤这种技术已经过时，我们不再用了。

The technology has already been out of date and we will no longer use it. ⑥我们计算机上的信息都是最新的。

All our information is up to date on the computer.

1．What if some married people have affairs?

如果有些已婚的人有婚外情怎么办呢？

(1)What if ...？意为“如果……将怎么办？”可以看作What will happen if ...？的省略形式；还可以表示“即使……又有什么关系”，此时可看作What does it matter if ...的省略形式。

What if I fail in the math exam next week? 如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办？

What if he has much money? 即使他很有钱又有什么关系？

(2)how come 意为“……是怎么回事，为什么”。可以单独出现在对话的语境中，也可以后接语序完整的陈述句。

How come you didn't tell us earlier? 你怎么不早点告诉我们呢？

(3)What for？意为“为了什么目的？”

—She has decided to do a part­time job.

——她决定去做兼职。

—What for?

——为什么？

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(4)So what？意为“那又怎么样？”

—Your room is a real mess, Tom. ——汤姆，你的房间看起来凌乱不堪。

—So what?

——那又怎么样？

1．句型转换

①What will happen if she refuses my invitation?

→What if she refuses my invitation? ②Why didn't you attend your daughter's wedding ceremony? →How come you didn't attend your daughter's wedding ceremony? 2．完成句子

③那又怎么样？我们可以去便利商店呀！

So what？We can go to the convenience store! ④怎么搞的，只在考试前才对我好？

How come you are only nice to me before exam? ⑤要是她忘了带来，那怎么办呢？

What if she forgets to bring it? 2．Nowadays, the word “hutong” has come to mean more than just the alleys that connect the courtyards.

现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子。

(1)more than后接名词，意为“不仅仅”。

Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凯特不仅仅是位教师。她还尽其所能地照顾她的学生。

Hibernation is more than a sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。

(2)后接数词，意为“多于，超过”。

More than 10 police showed up where the accident happened. 十多位警察出现在事故地点。

(3)与形容词和分词连用，意为“非常，十分”。

I was more than surprised to see a lion standing at the body. 看到一头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。

(4)与情态动词can连用，构成more than ...can ...结构，表示“超过了……所能”。

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The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe. 我难以描绘那个山村的美景。

完成句子

①建造这些节能建筑不仅仅需要建筑材料，也需要脑子。

It took more than building supplies to construct these energysaving houses. It took brains, too. ②他的答复让我非常满意。

His answer more than satisfied me. ③这一结果远远超出了他的想象。

The result was much more than he could imagine. ④不止一个学生知道你的秘密。

More than one student knows about your secret.

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