Learning about Language国家获奖教案

Book 2 Unit 3

Computers Language points

1. in common

in common 常同have连用

have nothing in common

无共同之处

have little in common

几乎无共同之处

have something in common

有一些共同之处

have a lot/much in common

有许多共同之处

common

adj.

in common

in common with

have…in common with

Smoking is very _______________ in that school. They own the computer _______________.

_______________ many people, I like music. They have nothing _______________ with each other.

2. calculate (v.)

calculation (n.)

calculator

(n.)

游客

幸存者

竞赛者

水手

3. universal

adj.

universe

n.

university

n.

4. Simple-minded （复合形容词）

形容词＋名词+ed noble-minded

absent-minded

open-minded

narrow-minded

broad-minded

strong-minded People said that he is a ________________ person, in fact, he is clever. Don’t be so _________________．Listen to what your classmates say.

5. analytical adj.

analyse vt.

analogy n.

analysis n.

analyst

n.

analytic adj.

6. artificial adj.

artificial flowers/limbs/pearls

artificial intelligence

7. As a result / As a result of

[考例] My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ______, he could neither eat nor sleep. (江西2005) A. as a result

B. after all

C. any way

D. otherwise

8. totally adv.

totally blind

total adj.

total silence

in total

9.

so ... that ... 引导结果状语从句。

[考例1] The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room. (2008 全国卷I) A. really

B. such

C. too

D. so [考例2] I haven’t seen Ann for ______ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like. (四川2008) A. such

B. very

C. so

D. too

10. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it!

= And my memory became too large for me to believe it. He is so old that

he can’t carry the box.

=

1) 此结构中的that从句表示

_________。

The stone is so heavy that no one can lift it. 2) so that 表

_________:

He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. 3) so...that...结构的so+形容词/副词位于句首时,句子用

_____________。

So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.

11. I have

also been put into

robots and used to make mobile phones as well as

help with medical operations. 1) help (sb) with sth

e.g. A man is helping the police with their enquiries. 2) with the help of

_________________________________ , I have made rapid progress in my English study.

在老师的帮助下, 我的英语进步很快。

3)as well as

e.g. He grows flowers as well as vegetables She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 4) 这个句子是______________________语态，其机构是______________________

e.g.

The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop. [考例1] Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet. (浙江2007) A. hasn’t been decided

B. haven’t decided

C. isn’t being decided

D. aren’t decided

[考例2] When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _______. (四川2007) A. have marked

B. have been marked

C. had marked

D. had been marked [考例3] I got caught in the rain and my suit ______. (北京2007) A. has ruined

B. had ruined

C. has been ruined

D. had been ruined

12. anyhow

somehow

Anyhow, you can try.

I don’t care what you say; I’m going to do it anyhow.

13. I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race! [点拨] that引导同位语从句，具体说明happiness的内容。that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分。英语中用that引导同位语从句的情况比较常见，但有时也可以用连接副(代)词

how, when, where, whether等来引导同位语从句。注意：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。如：

I had the impression that she chose her words with care.

I heard the news that our team had won.

l have no idea when he will be back.

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each form of IT? advantage n.

disadvantage n.

take advantage of

be to your advantage

15. person (n)--personal (adj.)--personally (adv) personally adv.

Personally, I think the team who won first place cheated.

She didn’t like the plan, but personally I see nothing wrong with it.

16.

type

1) n.

This is a new type of machine, with lots of meters on it. 2) v.

Will you please type this letter for me? type:表示各项事物在本类中都是典型的。

kind:特指在分类中能放在一起的性质相同且相似的一类事物。

17. We are determined to create an even better system.

___________(vt.) 创造; 创作

____________ (n.)创造物

____________(adj.) 有创造力的

even用于修饰形容词, 副词的比较级，much, far, no, still, a lot, a little

18. in a / one way/ in some ways

In a way, his English has improved. in the way

on the/one’s way (to)

by the way

in no way

all the way

in this way

19 .She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games. 1) move

(n.)

What’s our next move?

make a move

be on the move

2) while watching…

= while she watches…

While he was doing his English homework, he fell asleep.

= _______ ________ ________ English homework, he fell asleep.

20.

make up

In this way, I can make up new moves. （

）

She spent an hour making herself up before the party.（

）

Sixty students make up our class. （

）

Society is made up of people of different abilities.（

）

The criminal made up a story about where he was when the crime happened.(

) Please make up a new dialogue according to the text. （

）

21. after all

above all

at all

first of all

in all

22. raise / rise / arise

A new situation will ___________ when the examinationo system comes into existence. He ___________ his hands to tell the teacher what he wanted to say. He ___________ early this morning.

23. deal with sth

常与副词

________ 连用.

do with sth

常与代词

_________ 连用. He knows well how to ___________ children . He has a computer ,but doesn’t know what to _____________ it .

24. watch over

They were watched over by three policemen. watch out (for)

watch for sb./sth.

keep a watch on

under the close watch

Exercises I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。

1. The salesgirl asked me if I had the exact s______, since the shop had no change. 2. The invention of aircraft caused a r_________ in our ways of traveling. 3. With the development of the Internet, the World Wide W______ has become a valuable information source for us. 4. A______ intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things that people can do. 5. The weathermen in Beijing are planning to fire r______ to drive away rain clouds during the 2008 Olympics. 6. Two female tourists were robbed of their money and ______ (可移动的) phones while walking in the street, so they felt very upset. 7. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who broke the world record in the 110-meter hurdle ______ （比赛）. 8. They use the ______（管子）to transport oil from the west to the east. 9. ______ （人类的）

facial expressions differ from those of animals. 10. We will soon arrive at the point where we can find all the knowledge of humankind on a computer ________ (网络).

II. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Try to ______ (simple) your explanation for the students to help them understand better. 2. If you want to know about the hotel, you can call the ________ (operate) to find out the information. 3. The boy is very clever and he shows high ___________ (intelligent) in study. 4. ______ (real) is not the way you wish things to be but the way they actually are. 5. Bob is ______ (total) different from his father, who is very tall. 6. They agreed to accept my ______ (apply) for joining their team. 7. His success in business brought ______ (happy) to his parents. 8. We will make a ______ (person) visit to the student’s home.

9. His speech is ______ (logical) organized and sounds great. 10. I disagree that the age of ______ (technology) revolution has ended.

III. 用适当的介词填空。

1. I stayed awake one night ______ myself to enjoy the beautiful moonlight. 2. ______ time animals have developed many ways to stay away from their enemies. 3. He has taken up photography ______ a hobby. 4. Leaves ______ holes in them are signs that insects have been around. 5. ______ then on, Rick got up early every day and he was never late. 6. We’ve learned many kinds of languages __________ the World Wide Web.

7. Two girls jumped ______ happiness on the sand. 8. As time goes ______, our life will improve greatly.

IV. 每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同。

1. I always do the housework and I also look after the children. I always do the housework __ ____ __ look after the children. 2. Since that day, we have become very good friends. ______ that day ______, we have become very good friends. 3. Because the flood is so serious, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. The flood is so serious. ___ __ ____, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing. 4. She is too upset to calm herself down. She is ______ upset ______ she can’t calm herself down.

5. She has changed her character completely. She has ______ changed her character.

V. 根据括号内所给的提示将下列句子翻译成英语. 1.

在朋友们的帮助下,他终于解决了问题。（solve）

2. 她从那时起就知道自己会获胜。（from ... on）

3. 结果，他只得离开。（as a result）

4. 1923年他们考查了这片沙漠地区。（explore）

Grammar : The Present Perfect Passive Voice 1. 两种时态

1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的

情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与

already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。

一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况, 与现在毫无关系。

2) 现在完成进行时

(have/has + been + 现在分词）

2. 七种被动语态形式

1) 一般现在时的被动语态

(am/is/are+ 过去分词）

如: The work is done during two days. 2) 一般过去时的被动语态

(was/were+ 过去分词）

如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident. 3) 一般将来时的被动语态

(will/shall + be + 过去分词或

+ be going to + be + 过去分词）

如: The work will be finished soon. 4) 现在进行时的被动语态

(is/am/are + being+ 过去分词）

如: The bridge is now being constructed. 5) 现在完成时的被动语态

(have/has +been + 过去分词）

如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop. 6) 带情态动词的被动语态

(情态动词

+ be + 过去分词) 如: This can be done in a few minutes. 7) 动词不定式的被动式

(to be + 过去分词) 如: It is an honor for me to be asked

to speak here.

现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。例如：

1. The dirty clothes have been washed.

2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.

3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years.

现在完成时被动态：

have / has + been + 动词过去分词

1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt.

2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如: The door has been locked.

3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。如：

He has been told about it for many times.

4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：

We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.

注意:

1. 副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed.

[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.

2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误] The door has been opened of itself. [正] The door has opened of itself.

3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：

The SARS patients have been taken good care of.

4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，

则需改换动词或时态。如：

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?

被动语态的用法: (1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

如: Some new computers were stolen last night.

This book was published in 1981.

(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。

如: The window was broken by Mike. This book was written by him.

主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him.

They make the bikes in the factory. 歌诀是:宾变主, 主变宾, by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动, be后“过分”来使用。

(4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，

另一个保留不动。

主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him.

(5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动，

改称主语补足语。

主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you.

Exercises 1. Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown. A. has set up

B. has been set up

C. was set up

D. is set up 2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off. A. I’ve been told

B. I’ve told

C. I’m told

D. I told 3. All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been done

4. ---- How long ____ at this job?

---- Since 1990. A. were you employed

B. have you been employed C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed

5. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday ____ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

6. Betty___ injured since last Saturday. A. has been

B. was

C. is

D. has 7. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages

A. has said to be translated

B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translated

D. is said to have been translated 注:该句的句型是:It is said that…/people (they) said that…/that book is said to …根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。

8. –Hi, Tom, you look tired.

--

Of course. I ___ the living room all day.

A. had painted

B. painted

C. have been painted

D. have been painting

9. --Did you move into the new house?

-- No. The rooms ___ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted

10. Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___. A. have been taken place; are being set up

B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up

D. took place; will set up

11. It’s said that this book___ into Chinese.

A. had translated

B. has translated C. was translated

D. has been translated 12. You can’t move in .The house _____.

A. is painting

B. is being painted

C. has painted

D. has been painted 13. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage___ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005重庆)

A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused

D. will have been cause

14. Have you ever___ to the exhibition which ___for three weeks?

A. gone; has been shown

B. visited; shown

C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted

15. ---How long ago ___ these eggs___?

-- Perhaps 15 days. A. will; hatch

B. did; hatch

C. were; hatched

D. have; been hatched

改错

1. A personal computer has bought by us.

2. Many problems has been found with our new computer.

3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted.

4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet.

5. The computer was used every day since we bought it.

6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years.

用被动语态改写下列句子。

1.They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.

2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.

3. The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the technological revolution.

4. They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area.

5. The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.