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Grammar: attributive clause （定语从句）

上课教师：何珍云

2019.6.17 学习目标：

1 To review common knowledge on the Attributive Clauses. 2 To develop the ability to use the

Attributive Clauses.

概念: 1.在句子中修饰名词或代词, 定语从句在句中充当定语。

2.定语从句必须有先行词,并尽量靠近先行词。

3.在定语从句中,关系词在从句中充当成分。

。

定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词+陈述句语序，关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系代词有双重功能，一方面代表前面所修饰的先行词，把从句与先行词连接起来；另一方面引导出从句并在从句中充当某种句子成分。

The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.

It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.

定语从句解题步骤：

第一,找出先行词；

第二,看先行词在子句中的成分(做主语、宾语还是状语

?）

第三,选择合适的关系词

一、关系代词:（1）指人:who(主格),whom(宾格), whose (所有格) This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life .（先行词做主语）

She is the new student whom I want to introduce to you .（先行词做宾语）The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. William.(先行词做定语)

（2）指物: which (主格,宾格), whose (所有格) Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.（先行词做主语）

The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.= The novel Tom bought is very interesting（先行词做宾语，which可以省略）

The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.（先行词做定语）

（3）指人或物: that

The woman that is playing the piano is Miss Zhang.（

that指人做主语）

I’d like to see the films that are just on show.（

that指物做主语）

二、关系副词: where，

when, , why 1. 关系副词where之地点, 在从句中作地点状语。This is the house where he lived.

2. 关系副词when指时间, 在从句中作时间状语。

I’ll never forget the days when we played together.

3. 关系副词why指原因, 在从句中作原因状语。He explained the reason why he was late.

which 三、介词

whom

I have the book about which you are talking.

The lady to whom Mr Smith is talking lost her purse.

1.Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring on ________ she spent 1000 dollars. 3.Xiao Wang ,with ________ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much 介词后面，指事物用which，在指人用whom（先行词在从句中做介词宾语，介词有两种位置一是紧跟在先行词后；二是位于句尾或动词后）

1.Do you know who lives in the building_____there is a well?

A.in front of it

B. in front of whose

C.in front of which

D.in front

which 2.I’ll never forget the day____I joined the League.

A.on which

B.in which

C.which

D.at which 3.The woman_____my brother spoke just now is my teacher.

A. who B.to whom C.to who D whom 4.Jeanne was her old friend,____she borrowed a necklace.

A.from who

B.from whom

C.to that

D.to whom 5.His glasses,_____he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg.

A.which

B.with which

C.without which

D.that 6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_____much can be learned.

A.who

B.that

C.from which

D.from whom 7.He built a telescope_____he could study the skies.

A.in which

B.with that

C.through which

D.by it 8.Do you know the reason____he was late?

A.that

B.which

C.for what D.for which 9.I have bought two ballpens,____writes well.

A.none of which

B.neither of which

C.none of them

D.neither of them 10.The Second World War____millions of people were killed in 1945.

A.during which

B.in that

C.where

D.on which 11.China has many rivers,____the Changjiang River is the longest.

A.which

B. in which

C.among which

D. one of which 12.This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples yesterday.

A.that

B.by which

C.which

D.with which 13.The speed____which you drive your car mustn’t too high. 14.In the park there are many flowers,the colour____ which is bright and nice. 15.The little girl is reading a book,___ which there are many pictures. 16.What were the things_______which he was not too sure? 17.They held a meeting,____which the hospital director made a speech. 18.The book,_____which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading. 19.Is this the man____whose house the police found the lost coloured TV? 20.The villagers dug along tunnel________which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers. 21.Wu Dong,_____whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 22.The stories about Long March,___which this is one example,are well written. 结论:

介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.

四、关系代词之物时只用which不用that的情况

（1）关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词提前至关系代词前时只用which，但当介词在从句句尾时，两者皆可。

This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.

= This is the question which / that we’ve had so much discussion about.

(2) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能用that。

They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. 当关系代词作look after, look for等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语的宾语时，介词不可以提前。

五、先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时,通常

关系代词that 1) 先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something , none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,the last,the same,the only，

any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very,等. 3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时. 4)若主句中有疑问代词who,which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who,which. 1.This is all____ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2.Is there anything else_____ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _____we visited was the

Great Wall.A.which

B.that

C.where

D.it 4.He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school.

A.which

B.that

C.it

D.whom 5.There is no dictionary_____ you can find everything. A.that

B.which

C.where

D.in that 6.This is one of the best books_______.

A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written

C.that has writtenD.that have written