Learning about Language优秀教案

The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时的被动语态

Teaching procedure:

一．注意以下句子的划线部分。

Over time I have been changed a lot.

Can you pick out other sentences in the present perfect passive voice from the reading passage?

二．现在完成时的被动语态的谓语构成形式：

The results of their experiments

have already been published. The party has been planned since the new year.

肯定式：have / has（has只用于第三人称单数，其余人称用have）

+ been + 及物动词的过去分词。

They haven’t been told about it yet.

否定式：_____________________+及物动词的过去分词。

—Have his books been sold out? —Yes. So you can’t buy one now.

一般疑问句形式：______________________+及物动词的过去分词?

How many experiments have been done by the students this month?

特殊疑问句形式：疑问词+have / has +been+及物动词的过去分词?

三．现在完成时的被动语态通常有以下两种情况：

1. 表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常与之连用的时间状语有：

for+一段时间，since+时间状语（从句），these days, so far, up to now, in the last / past few years等。

e.g. This class have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years.

His Chinese has been improved a lot since he came to China. JK Rowling’s novels have been translated into many foreign languages so far. 2. 表示某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等连用。

e.g. The bike has not been repaired yet.

I have already been introduced to Mr. Smith.

四．【注意】

1) 现在完成时被动语态的两个助动词：have／has和been缺一不可。

2) 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。

一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。

e.g. The machine has been repaired．

机器已经修好了。(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)

The machine was repaired yesterday．

机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。) 3) 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

e.g. The orphans have been taken good care of here．

孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。

4) 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 5) 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。

如：

My brother has had (不能用has bought)

this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought? 6) 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

e.g. We have built many houses in the past ten years.

→Many houses have been built in the past ten years.

7) 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, tell, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

e.g. We have given him the book.

→He has been given the book.

→The book has been given to him.

8) 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

e.g. I have told them to help you.

→They have been told to help you.

I have made her work hard.

→She has been made to work hard.

五．练习

一）用所给（短语）动词的正确形式填空。

1. The children _______________ (tell) many times not to go near the river. 2. In the last few years thousands of films _________________ (produce) all over the world.

3. Jenny __________ (make) rapid progress recently and is always being praised by the teachers. 4. Great changes __________________ (take place) in our country since the 2008 Olympic Games.

5. This topic _____________________ (talk about) for two hours.

二）用现在完成时的被动语态重组下列句子。

1. a new hospital for women and children, build, in Beijing

2. more and more trees, cut down, by farmers

3. about 300 buildings and houses, destroy, in the earthquake

3. a lot of money, spend, protect the old temple

三）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. In the last few years thousands of films

_____ all over the world.

A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced 2. Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted 3. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _____ before leaving their hometowns.

A. promised

B. were promised

C. have promised

D. have been promised 4. His sister left home in 1998, and

_____ since.

A. had not been heard of

B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of

D. has not heard of 5. I like these English songs and they _____ many times on the radio.

A. taught

B. have taught

C. are taught

D. have been taught 6. Though we don’t know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic _____.

A. had changed

B. will change

C. was changed

D. has been changed 7. I got caught in the rain and my suit _________.

A.has ruined

B. had ruined

C. has been ruined

D. had been ruined

四）

用括号内单词的正确形式填空。

1. “Are you going to Linda’s 21st birthday party?” “No, I __________________ (not, invite) yet.”

2. A computer ________ (use) to do that job nowadays. 3. I ________ (keep) waiting for half an hour by the bank manager yesterday afternoon. 4. The party _______________ (plan) for the New Year since last month. 5. This office is very terrible. The telephone __________________ (never, answer) as soon as it rings, no proper records ________ (keep), and, worst of all, no reports _________________ (write) for weeks!

五）将下面句子中的主动语态变为被动语态。

1. Nobody has heard of Susan since she moved to America.

2.They won't finish the experiment before ten o'clock.

3. We haven't given them anything to eat.

4. Have you fed the pigs yet?

4. We have already discussed this question.

六．Homework