Learning about Language教学实录与评析

课

型

新授课

使用教具

笔、讲义、白纸

1掌握常用动词的过去式与过去分词

教学目标

2 掌握现在完成时的结构与用法

3 掌握被动语态的结构与用法

1 不规则动词的过去式与过去分词

教学重点和难点

2 非持续性动词与持续性动词在完成时中的使用

3 不同时态中的被动语态

4 用主动表示被动的用法

教学流程及授课详案

一

现在完成时

1. 概念：①

表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.

eg:

--- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗?

--- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了)

I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到

)

I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了.

--- Have you found your lost pen yet ? 你找到丢失的钢笔了吗?

--- No, I haven’t found it yet. 不, 我还没有找到.

②

表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去, 常和

for, since连用

表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词.

eg:

We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里.

( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) 2. 结构: ①

主语

+ have / has + done + …

3. 时间状语：常与already, yet, ever, never, for + 段时间, since, just, before, so far, by now, these days连用.

注意: already, yet, 常和现在完成时连用, already 用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，可放在句末. yet用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末.

eg:

He has just come here since 2000. 他从北京回来.

Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗?

I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.

I haven’t heard of it before. 我以前从来没有听说过这件事.

I have been in Beijing for two years. 我在北京已经两年了. 4. 句型:

⑴

肯定句:

①

主语

+ have / has + done

+ …

eg：

She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海.

eg：I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了.

⑵

否定句:

①

主语

+ have / has + not +done + …

eg：

I haven’t seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影.

eg：

She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业.

⑶

一般疑问句：① Have / Has + 主语

+ done + …

eg:

Have you seen this film ?

Yes, I have. /

No, I haven’t .

你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.

eg：

Has she finished doing his homework ?

Yes, she has . /

No, she hasn’t.

她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有. ⑷

特殊疑问句：

①

特殊疑问词

+ have / has + 主语

+ done

+ …

eg:

When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影?

eg:

Who has finished doing his homework ?

谁完成了作业?

5. 当与一段时间连用时, 经常用for 加一段时间, 这时候谓语动词一定要用延续性的.

非延续性动词----延续性动词

come ---- be here

go --- be away / off

borrow --- keep

buy --- have

start / begin --- be on

leave --- be away

die --- be dead

eg: He came here three days ago. 他三天前来的这. (一般过去时)

He has been here for three days. 他来这已经三天了.

(现在完成时与一段时间连用, 非延续性动词变延续性动词. )

He went to Dalian last week. 他上周去的大连. ( 一般过去时

) He has been away for a week. 他已经离开有一周了. ( 现在完成时

) I borrowed the book last month. 我去年借的这本书. ( 一般过去时

)

I have kept the book for a week. 我保管这本书有一周了. ( 现在完成时

)

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6. 词义辨析

have been to 去过… (在本地)

eg: I have been to Canada. 我去过加加拿大.

have gone to 去了… (不在本地)

eg: He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大连.

【随堂演练】

1.

--- Hello! Can I speak to Alice ?

--- Sorry, she isn’t here right now. She ______ to the shop.

A. goes

B. will go

C. has gone

D. was going 2. --- When did you become a volunter ?

--- Two years ago. I _______ this group since then.

A. have joined in

B. have joined to

C. have been in

D. have been to 3. ---______ you ______ to the National Grand Theater ?

---No, not yet.

A. Did, go

B. Do, go

C. Have, gone

D. Have, been 4.---So far the government _______ a lot for the Olympic Games.

--- So it has. We’re all looking forward to this event. A. does

B. is doing

C. has done

D. will do

5. John’s car is not here. I think he _______ somewhere.

A. goes

B. went

C. has gone

D. will go

6. David ________ Chinese since 20 years ago, and now he speaks it quite well.

A. learns

B. learned

C. has learned

D. will learn 7. ---Where’s Mr White ?

---He ________ the wash room.

A. has been to

B. has gone to

C. is going to

D. goes to

8. ---What do you think of the new film ?

---It’s wonderful. I _______

it twice.

--- A. saw

B. have seen

C. will see

D. see 9. ---_________ you ________ him around the museum yet ?

---Yes, we had a great time there.

A. Do; show

B.Did; show

C. Have; shown

D. Will; show

二

被动语态

1. 概念:

主语被……

3

2. 构成:

be + done

3 被动语态的用法：在被动语态中，

主语是动作的承受者，

主要用于以下几种情况：

①

不知道动作的执行者是谁. 如:

This watch is made in China. 这块手表是中国制造的.

②

没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁. 如:

More trees must be planted every year. 每年都应该种更多的树.

③

需要强调或突出动作的承受者时. 如:

Chines is spoken by more and more people in the world.

世界上越来越多的人说汉语. (强调汉语的使用广泛)

④

句子的主语是动作的承受者.

Many houses were washed away in the flood.

许多房屋被洪水冲走了.

4. 各种时态的被动语态

(中考要求掌握三咱时态的被动语态, 以及情态动词的被动语态)

①

一般现在时的被动语态

主语

+ be ( am / is are ) + done

+ …

主动语态: We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室. 被动语态: The classroom is cleaned by us. 教室被我们打扫. ②

一般过去时的被动语态

主语

+ be ( was / were ) + done

+ …

主动语态: He made the kite. 他做的风筝. 被动语态: The kite was made by him. 风筝被他做的. ③

一般将来时的被动语态

主语

+ will + be + done + …

主动语态: They will plant trees tomorrow. 他们明天将要种树. 被动语态: Trees will be planted by them. 树明天将要被他们种.

④

情态动词的被动语态: 主语

+ 情态动词

( can / may / must / need, …) + be + done + …

主动语态: I can find him. 我能找到他. 被动语态: He can be found by me. 他能被我找到. 了解现在进行时、过去进行时、进在完成时的被动语态。

现在进行时的被动语态：

主语

+ be ( am / is / are ) + being + done + …

过去进行时的被动语态：

主语

+ be ( was / were ) + being + done + …

现在完成时的被动语态：

主语

+

have / has + been + done + …

5. 主动表被动

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有些词如

write, sell, wash, open, 等词作不及物动词时, 它们的主语为物,

可用主动语态表被动意义.

look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义. 【随堂演练】

1.

---Who’s the little baby in the photo, Susan ?

This photo ______ ten years ago.

A. takes

B. is taken

C. took

D. was taken 2. You can only use the dictionaries here. That is they ______ out of the reading room.

A. can take

B. can’t take

C. can be taken

D. can’t be taken

3. It is said that a new school ______ here soon.

A. will built

B. is built

C. will be built

D. is building 4. ---What should we do first if we want to develop our village ?

---More new roads ________, I think.

A. must build

B. are built

C. have built

D. must be built 5. ---When can we get the exam results?

---They _______ to you next Monday.

A. will be sent

B. are sending

C. will send

D. are sent 6. English _______ by about 400 million people in English speaking countries.

A. is spoken

B. speaks

C. speak

D. are spoken

7. ---I’ve never seen the tall building here!

---Oh, it _________ last year.

A. was built

B. was building

C.builds

D. built 8. ---I _______there would be a football match on Channel 5 tomorrow.

A. will tell

B. have told

C. was told

D. wasn’t

9. We’ll have three days off if the work _______.

A. finish

B. can finish

C. was finished

D. can be finished

10. A football match _______ in our school next Monday. A. will hold

B. will be held

C. is going to hold

D. holds 巩固提高

1.The teacher told us in class that the sun______in the east. A. rose

B. will rise

C.would rise

D.rises 2. If it _____ tomorrow,I’llgo by car.

A.rian

B.will rain

C.rains

D.would rain 3.We _____ the Great Wall three days ago.

A.don’t go to

B.weren’t go to

C.didn’t went to

D.didn’t go to

4.How often _____you _____to the park when you were in Tianjin?

A.do;go

B.did;go

C.will;go

D.have;go

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5.---Lucy has gone to London to see her grandmother.

--- Really? When_____she come back?

A.does

B.has

C.did

D.will 6.Look!Some boys_____on the playground.

A.playing

B.are playing

C.play 7.Mr.Green _____ in China since five years ago.

A.lived

B.has lived

C.lives

D.is going to live 8.---Where is you father? ---___________.

A.He has been to American.

B.He has gone to England/

C.He is going to Australia.

D.He would visit my grandparents. 9.How long _____he _____English?

A.has;taught

B.did;taught

C.does;teaches

D.is;taught 10. I _____never_____such a nice song before that day.

A.has;heard

B.have;heard

C.had;heard

D.will;hear 11. They finished the work earlier than they______.

A.has expected

B.had expected

C.expected

D.would expect 12. Mother told me that she_____a new bag for me.

A.would buy

B.will buy

C.has bought

D.bought 13. These pictures_____when we took a trip to Kenting National Park.

A. took

B.will take

C.were taken

D.will be taken 14.TV and radio programmes _____ the other side of the world with the help

of the satellites.

A.can send to

B.can send on

C.can be sent to

D.can be sent on 15.They ______all their money,so they have to walk home.

A.spend

B.had spend

C.have spent

D. will spend 16.Tom often goes swimming on Sunday,_______?

A.isn’t he

B.is he

C. does he

D. doesn’t he

17.He said he would go shoping if it ______.

A.isn’t rain

B.doesn’t rain

C.wasn’t rain

D.didn’t rain

18.---What_____you_____?

---My story-book.

A.do;look for

B.are;looking for

C.was;looking for

D.did;look for 19. _______ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _______ me? D.plays

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A. Listen to; hear

B. Hear; listen to

C. Hear; hear

D. Listen to; hear from 20. –These farmers have been to the United States.

–Really? When ______ there?

A. will they go

B. did they go

C. do they go

D. have they gone 21. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money. I _______ my handbag at home.

A. have missed

B. have left

C. have put

D. have forgotten 22. –Where is Miss Gao. Lily?

--She _______ to the teachers’.

A. has been

B. has gone

C. went

D. would go 23. When her father came back home, Joan _______ with her friend.

A. talked

B. talks

C. is talking

D. was talking 24. His uncle _______ in three days.

A. returns

B. has returned

C. returned

D. will return 25. –Hi, Lin Tao. I didn’t see you at the party.

--Oh, I _______ ready for the maths exam. A. am getting

B. was getting

C. got

D. have got 26. –What did Mr Jones do before he moved here?

--He _______ a city bus for over twenty-five years.

A. is driving

B. drove

C. has driven

D. drives 27. Look! The boys _______ happily in the river.

A. swim

B. swam

C. will swim

D. are swimming 28. If Mary _______ next Sunday, we will go boating together.

A. will come

B. comes

C. shall come

D. should come 29. So far I _______ any success. However, I’ll keep trying.

A. don’t have

B. didn’t have

C. haven’t had

D. won’t have

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