Learning about Language教学设计第二课时

Book 2

Unit1语法

The non-restrictive attributive clause Task Type Name Reading

Time 2 Class Group

Teaching Goals:.

1. To know the difference between the restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses. 2. To use the simple non-restrictive attributive clause by reading the explanation and

examples.

*3. To use some difficult attributive clauses by doing exercises. 定语从句

三：限制性和非限制性定语从句

一．

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that. 3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

1).This is the book I like best.

这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

2).Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句放置于先行词之前（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句，放置于主句之后。（见上句翻译）

比较:

He has a sister, who is a musician.

He has a sister who is a musician.

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用as, which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc. 注：

非限制性定语从句引导词不用that. 1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. 2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. 3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

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4. He was proud, which his brother never was.

二、as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) (1) 如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ;

the same as；such …as …; so …as等结构中.

eg.

I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。

Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.) 2.---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now? --- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.

We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. Don't do such things as you are not sure about.

There is no such place as you dream of in this world. 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）

(2) 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）

1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）

=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health . 或:Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）

或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. 2.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.

(宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 三．as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

(1) 位置的不同：

which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子之后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句中或放在句后。如：

1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry. 2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.

或As you know, Jack is an honest man. (2) 先行词的不同：

as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；

2

which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

1. He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词）

She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.（先行词是个短语）

He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）

2. He is an honest man, as is known to all.

He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. (3) as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"

as we all know；

as you know;

as is known to all;

as you see;

as we can see;

as has been expected;

as we have imagined. 定语从句综合练习

1. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

A. about which

B. of which

C. in which

D. for which 2. Do you know which hotel __________? A. she is staying

B. she is staying in

C. is she staying

D. is she staying in 3. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used? A. which

B. that

C. where

D. in that 4. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. A. which

B. who

C. that

D. / 5. This is the very film

I've long wished to see. A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom 6. The house

the capitalist（资本家）

used to live in is now a nursery. A. that

B. where

C. what

D. when 7. The doctor did all

to save the wounded boy. A. what he could

B. he could

C. everything which he could

D. which he could do 8.

you know, he is a famous musician.

A. As

B. which

C. That

D.／

9. He is the only one of the three

got the new idea. A. who have

B. whom have

C. who has

D. whom has 10. This is the baby

tomorrow.

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A. after whom I shall look

B. whom I shall look after C. whose I shall look after

D. after whom I shall look after 11. These students will graduate from the university next summer, ____________ they will have studied here for four years.

A. by then

B. by that time

C. by what time

D. by which time 12. This is the house the window __________ faces the south.

A. of which

B. which

C. of it

D. whose 13. It is five o’clock in the afternoon _________ they arrived at the hotel.

A. since

B. before

C. when

D. that 14. In some countries, _______ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. one 15. The train __________ she was traveling was late.

A. which

B. where

C. on which

D. in that 16. It’s the third time __________ late this month.

A. that you arrived

B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived

D. when you have arrived 17. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget. A. when

B. that

C.

on which

D. where 18. -----What do you think of teaching, Bob?

-----I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _____ you are doing something serious

but interesting. A. where

B. which

C. when

D. that 19. The number of senior high school students is in creasing, _______ is mentioned above. A. that

B. it

C. such

D. as 20. Gun control is a subject ______ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which

B. with which

C. about which

D. into which Reflection：

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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