Learning about Language优质课一等奖教案

不定冠词a/an的用法

不定冠词表示泛指,一般修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素或半元音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。例如:a pen 一支笔

an old man 一位老人

一、不定冠词的基本用法

1.用在首次提到的人或物的可数名词单数前面,泛指某(一)个人或某(一)个事物。

The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development.

“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,一个和谐、和平、发展之梦。

2.表示“一”,相当于one,如:I’ll return in a day or two.

3.表示“每”,相当于per,常用于表示时间、重量、长度等单位前。如:We have three meals a day.

4.表示“同一性”,常构成“of+a/an+名词”形式,相当于the same,如:The children are of an age.

5.表示类指,意为“某类……”,如:He wants to be a doctor.

6.后面接人名可以表示“一个叫……的人”,或是其作品。如:A Mr.Smith is asking to see you.

7.与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”。a success一件成功的事或一个成功的人,a pity一件遗憾的事,an honour一个引以为荣的人/一件引以为荣的事。

8.与物质名词连用,表示“一种、一阵、一份”。

What a heavy rain!

9.序数词前使用冠词的情况

“the+序数词”表示排序;“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,而表示“又一;再一”。如:

Mr.Li has decided to buy a second car.

I have failed twice,but I’ll try a third time.

10.比较级和最高级前冠词的选择

“a/an+比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”,属于泛指;“the+比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。“the+最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”;“a most+形容词”表

示“一个很/非常……”,此时后面没有比较范围,most只表示“很,非常”,如:

Tom is the older of the two boys.

The first unit is a most difficult part but not the most difficult.

二、常用不定冠词的固定搭配

all of a sudden突然

as a matter of fact事实上

once a week每星期一次

at a loss不知所措,茫然

be on a visit参观,拜访

be/go on a diet节食

give sb.a lift让某人搭便车

have a gift for...在……方面有天赋

have a good time玩得开心

have a word with...与……谈话

in a hurry匆忙地

in a way从某种意义上说

make a living谋生

take a walk散步

take an interest in...对……感兴趣

take/have a rest休息一会儿

定冠词the的用法

一、定冠词的基本用法

1.特指上文提到过的、特定的人或事物,或双方都明确的人或事物

I have a car.The car is red.

Pass me the book,please.

2.表示某一类人或物。如:The bike is a useful means of transportation.

3.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前。如:the universe,the moon,the Pacific Ocean

4.用于西洋乐器前。如:play the violin,play the guitar

5.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。如:

Could you tell me the way to the Green’s,please?

6.用于表示国家、党派等以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等名词前。如:

The United States,the Communist Party of China

7.用于表示发明物的单数名词前。如:

The compass was invented in China.

8.在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代。如:

in the 1990’s(在20世纪90年代)

9.用于表示度量单位的名词前。如:

I hired the car by the hour.(对比I hired the car by time.)

10.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人。如:the rich,the living,the wounded

11.用于方位名词、身体部位名词前。如:The sun rises in the east. hit sb.on the head

12.用于普通名词转化而来的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall,the West Lake

13.与比较级和最高级连用。如:

①比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”。

The more,the better.

②表示两者间“较……的一个”,比较级前加the。

Who is the taller of the two boys?

③三者或三者以上相比较,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:

Mary is the tallest child in her family.

二、常用定冠词的固定搭配

at the moment此刻,目前

at the same time同时

by the way顺便说一下

on the spot当场

make the best/most of...充分利用……

in the distance在远处

in the end最终

in the habit of有……的习惯

the other day前几天

on the one hand...,on the other hand...

to the point中肯,切题

零冠词的基本用法

1.专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,其前不用冠词。

Beijing is the capital of China.

Kindness is virtue.

Snow dissolves into water.

2.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、棋类、球类、学科、一日三餐、语言、运动等前一般不加冠词。

Spring is the best season of the year.

I have been studying in this college since July,2015.

We have a seven-day holiday on National

Holiday.

Tom enjoys playing chess.

The boys like playing football after class.

They can choose other subjects like Art

and

Computer

Science.

Do you have breakfast at home or at school?

3.称呼语、自己的家庭成员及表示头衔、职务的名词做表语、补足语及同位语时,一般不加冠词但用做主语或宾语时要用冠词。

Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.

I’m captain of the class team at school.

The

chairman declared the meeting open.

4.当by与表示交通工具的名词连用表示方式时,名词前不用冠词。

I’d rather travel by bus than airplane.

二、常用零冠词的固定搭配

in fact事实上

for example例如

in danger在危险中

with pleasure高兴地

in time及时

in fear恐惧地

at work在上班

at dinner在吃饭

after school放学后

at first起初

at last最终 by hand手工做的

pay attention to注意

set fire to放火

take pride in以……为豪

take care of照顾

take office就职

take part in参加

in town在城里

keep...in mind牢记

in trouble处在麻烦中

on foot步行

leave word留言

on time按时

catch sight of看见

do harm to对……有害

lose weight减肥