Learning about Language教学实录及点评

Unit 1

Grammar The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause Have a look Look at the following sentences. 1. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across

houses, roads and

canals. (Book1) 2. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. (Book1) 3. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. (Book1) 4. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. (Book1) 5. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. (Book1)

Sentences from this unit: 1. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were

used to make it. 2. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. 3. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about

ten years to make. 4. However, the next king of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 5. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 6. This was a time when the two countries were at war.

7. There is no doubt that boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.

Guessing Game 1. A huge crack ____ was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.

2. The number of people ____ were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.

3. Workers built shelters for survivors ______ homes had been destroyed. 4. The time _____ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.

5. The school ______ I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. 6.

This was a time ______ the two countries were at war.

7.

There is no doubt that boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, ______ was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 8.

This gift was the Amber Room, _____was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 9.

The amber ______ was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. 10. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, ______ took the country’s

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best artists about ten years to make. 11. However, the next king of Prussia, Frederick William I, ________ the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 12. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg ______ she spent her summers.

Look at this example sentence: The woman who lives next door is a doctor. What is attributive clause? An attributive clause tells us which person or thing (or what person or thing) the speaker means We know a lot of people who live in London. “who live in London”

tells us what kind of people.

non-restrictive clauses My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor. Colin told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much. We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us.

Attributive Clauses 主语

定语从句

The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.

主语

定语从句

Anyway, that evening, which I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.

定语从句的种类

Shanghai is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit. Mum, this is Kate, who I knew in Paris. 限制性定语从句

限制性定语中，从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。

非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作附加补充说明。从句和主句在书写时往往用逗号分开。

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

区别点

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

关系不密切，只是补充关系密切，删去后影响整与先行词的关系

说明，删去不影响句子个句子意义的表达

意义

翻译时的特点

常译为“……的”，放在常译为并列句或状语从先行词之前

句，放在先行词之后

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逗号的使用

that的使用

不用逗号分开

用逗号分开

不可用关系代词that可用关系代词that引导

引导

不可以省略

who/which在从句中作宾语时可省可以省略

略

whom 在从句中作宾语时，是否可用

可以替代

who 或that替代

先行词为the reason时

是否可修饰句子

不可以替代

不能用why,要用for 用关系词why/for/which which 只可修饰先行，不可以修可以修饰整个句子

饰主句或主句的一部分

注意

1.

在非限制性定语从句中，which有时不代表一个名词，而代表前面句子的全部或部分。

He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry. She eats too much, which makes her fatter and fatter. 2.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导, 要用for which代替why。

I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.

3.

在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能用who替换，也不能省略。

Do you know Tom, whom we talked about?

Quiz I: Fill in the blanks with proper relative words. 1. The famous basketball star, ____ is an American, came to China yesterday. 2. They are always smoking, _____, of course, will do harm to their health. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _____ cost me a lot. 4. Xi’an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July,

_____ he won’t be so busy. 6. The school, ______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.

Quiz II: Complete the passage with relative pronouns and adverbs.

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Homework Finish the exercises on P71-72 in the workbook.

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