Learning about Language课件配套优秀教案设计

The–ing form as the subject and object

动名词作主语和宾语

By Chen Yanmei Teaching goals：

1.

Get the students to learn the –ing form as the subject and object. 2.

Get the students to master which verbs can be followed by both the –ing form and the infinitive but express different meanings. 3.

Enable the students to use the –ing form as the subject and object correctly . Teaching procedures: 【例句观察】

①Since then，finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.

②As a young man，he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.

③Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.

④However，he doesn't care about being famous.

⑤He enjoys listening to violin music，

playing mah－jong，swimming and reading.

⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. ⑦Just dreaming for things，however，costs nothing.

⑧Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with

the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.

⑨Mary's being late for class made her teacher angry.

⑩It is no use arguing with him about such a matter.

【自我探究】

1．以上动名词短语在句中作主语的是________；作动词宾语的是____；作介词(短语)宾语的是__________。

2．⑨句中为________________作主语。

3．⑩句中it作__________。

【归纳用法】

一.动名的词形式

语态

时态

一

般

式

完

成

式

主

动

式

doing

having done 被

动

式

being done

having been done 二. 作主语的用法：

1）动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。2）动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

3）动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用it 做形式主语，v-ing 做真正主语。

①

Doing + V. + …

②

It’s + no use/ no good/ not any use/ not any good/ useless+... +doing ③There is no + doing…

E.g. Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. 早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。

t is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。

It is useless talking about it with him. 和他谈这件事是没用的。

"There is no …”句式

E.g. There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。

There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。

There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。

小试牛刀：1.It's no good ________ over split milk.

A.to cry

B.crying

C.cried

D.cry 2.It is no use ________ without through _________.

A.to read; understoodB.reading; understanding C.to read; understand

D.read; to understand 3._______provides us with essential nutrients(营养),

while_______provides us with oxygen.

A.To eat; breathing

B.Eating; to breathe

C.Eating; breathing

D.Eaten; breathed 4．---- What made him so happy?

---- ___________ the

entrance

examination A．Because of passing

B. Because he passedC. Having been passed

D. Having passed 三.

动名词作宾语的用法

1)．有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如can’t stand（不能忍受）, feel like(想要), mind（介意）, suggest（建议）, enjoy（欣赏，）, admit（承认）, appreciate（感激，欣赏）, avoid（避免）, delay（推迟）, escape（逃脱）, finish（完成）, forgive（宽恕）, imagine（想象）, keep（保持）, miss（错过）, practice（训练）, resist（抵抗，抵制）, risk（冒险）, deny（拒绝，否认）, consider（考虑）等。

常用口诀

记住

避免错过

(少) 延期

avoid

miss

delay / postpone 建议

完成

(多) 练习

suggest / advise

finish

practise 喜欢

想象

禁不住

enjoy/appreciate

imagine

resist/can`t help 承认

否定

(与) 嫉妒

admit

deny

envy 逃脱

冒险

(莫) 原谅

escape

risk

pardon / excuse 忍受

保持

(不)

介意

stand

keep / keep on

/mind Eg: Many people enjoy sunbathing on the beach in summer.夏季，很多人喜欢在沙滩日光浴。

I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。

She practices speaking English every day. 高考链接----------语法填空

1.Jonny:

Keep

64

(hold) your position for a while .( 2014全国辽宁卷）

2.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop until we reached

the next stop. Still, the boy kept

__67__ (ride). （2014新课标ⅱ）

3.My ambassadorial duties will include _67_

(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. （2016年新课标I卷

4.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid________( look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t

feel challenged. ( 2018全国3卷）

2)Prep+doing作介词/短语动词的宾语:

look forward to（渴望

），be proud of（以…自豪,insist on（坚持），

dream of（梦想）

think of（考虑，想到），object to（反对，抗议），be responsible for（对…负责）

prevent…from（阻止），keep…from（防止，阻止），stop…from（阻止），set about（着手做）

excuse…for（因…而道歉be engaged in（从事）depend on（依靠，依赖）be afraid of（害怕）

devote…to（献身于），aim at（目的在于），be/get used to（习惯于），be fond of（喜欢）

be tired of（对……厌烦）

succeed in（成功地做）

be ashamed of（对…感到羞愧）

e.g. ①She sat there without speaking.

②Are you used to living there alone?

③When my father heard the news, he couldn’t help laughing.

3）

在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词；

be busy (in) + 动名词；lost/ waste/spend time (in) + 动名词；There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中，动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。

eg：

(1)The children are busy doing their homework.

孩子们忙于做作业。

(2)There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. 再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。

高考链接——语法填空&改错

1.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without

___64__

( use) electric equipment. ( 2015全国Ⅱ卷）

2.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by

68

(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. ( 2017全国Ⅰ卷）

3.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 ____ (rest). ( 2017全国Ⅲ卷）

4.You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 ____ (die) early by running. ( 2018全国Ⅰ卷）

5．We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.( 2015年高考英语四川卷) 6.After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. ( 2015全国Ⅱ卷）

7.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. （2016年高考英语新课标I卷）

8.My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. ( 2018全国1卷）

注意：（4）有些动词后面，如forget, remember, stop, try, mean, regret、go on等，既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语，但是意义不一样。

Forget/ regret/ remember

+

to do

将要发生的动作

+

doing

已经发生的动作

go on doing

继续做同一件事情

go on to do

继续做另一件事情

stop doing 停止做某事

stop to do 停下来做另一件事

mean doing 意味着做某事

mean to do 打算做某事

try doing 试着做某事

try to do努力做某事

be used to doing习惯做某事

be used to do 被用来做某事

can't help doing 情不自禁做某事

can't help to do 不能帮助做某事

Eg:

He forgot paying for the book.他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了) He forgot to pay for the book.他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱) Stop talking.(停止说话) I stopped to talk with Tom.（停下正在做的事开始去说话）

(5) want（需要）, need（需要）, deserve（值得）, require（需要）等词后，我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思。后跟动名词的主动式与不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别.

need/ want/ require +doing = need/ want/ require

+ to be done Eg: ①

The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／to be cleaned．

(6) 在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。

(7) 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：

We don't allow smoking here．

We don‘t allow anybody to smoke here．

advise doing sth.

advise sb. to do sth 四. 动名词复合结构：one’s/one doing

1).物主代词

/ 名词所有格

+ 动名词

，在句中作主语或宾语:

e.g.

Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry.

I don’t mind your opening the window.

2).人称代词宾格

/ 名词

+ 动名词，在句中作宾语: e.g.

I’m sure of him coming on time.

He has never heard of a woman being a pilot.

五、动名词的时态意义

动名词可以像动词那样表现时态意义，有一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）之分。动名词的时态意义是一个相对的概念，从属于句中谓语动词。一般式表示动名词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，或表示一般性动作，没有时间概念；完成式表示动名词的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。例如：

She is proud of being beautiful．她为自己的美丽而骄傲。（同时）

I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon．

我想下午去看工业展览。

他因对国家做了这样大的贡献而受到表扬。

He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country．

（之前发生）

六、动名词的语态意义

如果动名词与句中的逻辑主语构成被动关系，即逻辑主语是接受动名词的动作，需用其被动形式（being done，having been done）。其否定形式是：not being done,

not having been done 例如：

他们无法忍受这样的待遇。

They couldn‘t stand being treated like that．

（与其逻辑主语They构成被动关系，比较：They are treated like that．）

巩固练习：改错题

1.

I am looking forward to receive your early reply. 2. To make matters worse, it even stops work sometimes. 3. Working with you are a pleasure. 4.He's not very well; he doesn't feel like eat 5.He was busy with preparing his lessons.

二.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．________

(make) friends is a necessary part in my life. 2．The thief ran away quickly to avoid

____________ (catch)．

3．Would you mind

________ (turn) down your radio? 4．The book is worth

________ (read) a second time. 5. This X-ray machine needs_________.( repair) 三．翻译：

1.I can hardly imagine _____________________________________________

(你能在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作)．

2．No one enjoys __________________

(让人笑话)in public places. 3.你介意我在这抽烟吗？______________________________________________________ 4.

你要不要去散步？________________________________________________________ 5.

光说是没有用的。_________________________________________________________