Learning about Language优秀教学设计

Part Two

Learning about Language

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．bar n．条；棒；条状物

2．damage n．& vt.损失；损害

3．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬

frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的

frightening adj.令人恐惧的

Ⅱ.核心短语

1．of_no_use没有用

2．give_out发生，散发(热、光等)；用完；耗尽

3．refer_to参考；涉及；提到

Ⅲ.经典句式

Here_are_my_neighbours whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.这就是我的邻居们，他们的家被地震毁掉了。

1．gas that hot water gives_out(教材P28) 热水散发出的气体

give out发出(气味、热等)；分发；用尽；公布

写出下列句中give out的含义

①I saw a man giving out handbills in the street.分发

②After a month their food supplies gave out.用尽

③The results of the examination won't be given out.公布

2.

damage n．& vt.损失；损害

①Most of the damage was caused by your sister. 大部分损失是你妹妹造成的。

②The heavy rain damaged many houses. 大雨损坏了许多房子。

归纳拓展

do/cause damage to对……造成损害

damage one's health/reputation损害某人的健康/名誉

③Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach. 一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。

[易混辨析]

damage/destroy

damage destroy 一般指部分性的损坏，通过修复还可以恢复功能等

指彻底破坏，不可修复，也可以指希望、计划等被打破

巧学助记

[即学即用]

选用上述单词填空

④You have destroyed my hopes of happiness. ⑤Smoking seriously damages your health. 3．It was a frightening night.(教材P28) 那是一个令人恐惧的夜晚。

frightening adj.令人恐惧的

(1)frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的

be frightened of (doing) sth害怕(做)某事

be frightened to do sth害怕/不敢做某事

归纳拓展

(2)frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬

frighten sb into/out of (doing) sth吓得某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事

frighten sb/sth away/off把……吓走(吓跑) ①She was frightened to_see (see) a figure in the dark. 她在黑暗中看到了人影，心里很害怕。

②The man frightened the old lady into signing the paper. 那个人恐吓那位老太太，使她签了文件。

③The dog frightened the squirrels away/off. 狗把松鼠吓跑了。

[易混辨析]

frightening/frightened

frightening 指事物本身具有使人害怕的性质，表示“令人害怕的”

frightened [一言辨异] The news was frightening and they were all frightened.那个消息令人恐惧，他们都吓坏了。

定语从句(Ⅰ)

1．The number of people who/that were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 2．Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which/that was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 3．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 4．China is a country that/which has a long history. 5．Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 6．The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.

一、基本概念

1．在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰、说明的名词或代词叫先行词。

2．定语从句由关系代词which，that，who，whom，whose，as或关系副词when，where，why引导。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，它在意义上指代先行词，在语法上作定语从句的某个成分。

3．定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后面。有时出于平衡句子结构的需要，可能不紧跟在先行词后面，而放在更后面的地方。

二、关系代词的用法

指人“感到害怕的”，作定语时，常用于修饰人的表情、声音等

1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。

Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。

2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。

Rose is the person (whom/who) you should look after. 罗丝是你应该照顾的人。

3．whose一般指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。whose＝the＋n.＋of which/whom。

I know the man whose company produces computers. 我认识那个人，他的公司生产电脑。

4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。

5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。that可以代替who，whom，which，但习惯上常用who，whom指人，用which指物。

The woman that spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door. 在书店里跟我说话的那位妇女以前住在隔壁。

6．as用作关系代词，既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。它常用在the same...as...，such...as...，as...as...，so...as...等结构中，as不能省略，此时为限制性定语从句。另外，as还可引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，解释说明整个句子，一般放在主句之前。

I want to have such a computer as he has. 我想有一台和他(的电脑)一样的电脑。

As we all know，China has a large population. 众所周知，中国人口众多。

三、定语从句中需注意的事项

1．只用that不用which的情况

(1)当先行词是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，none等不定代词时。

She told me everything that she knew. 她把她知道的一切都告诉了我。

(2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰，或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right，the last等修饰时。

This is the very book that I left on the playground last week. 这就是上个星期我落在操场上的那本书。

(4)先行词既有人又有物时。

He talked happily of the things and persons that he remembered studying in the school. 他高兴地谈论着在这所学校上学时所记得的人和事。

(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

Which is the true story that he told us? 他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真的？

(6)当关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。

He isn't the boy that he was. 他不再是过去的那个男孩了。

2．关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所代替的名词或代词。

昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常感人。

【误】The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very moving. 【正】The film (that/which) we saw last night is very moving. 3．关系代词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作动词宾语或介词宾语时(这时介词不能在关系代词前)常可省略。

Is that the girl (whom/that/who) you spoke of the other day? 那就是你前几天提到的女孩吗？

4．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，要根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。

He is the only one of the students who knows French.(the only one为先行词)

他是懂法语的唯一学生。

He is one of the students who know French.(students为先行词) 他是懂法语的学生之一。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The storm didn't do much damage. 2．The man was too frightened (害怕的) to stand up. 3．Don't frighten her.She's just a little girl. 4．The girl was rescued (救出) from the well. 5．The children buried (掩埋) eggs in the garden. Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．The teacher is giving out new textbooks among his students. 2．The accident caused some damage to my car，but it's nothing serious. 3．Mr Smith looks disappointed because his car got seriously damaged (damage) in the accident yesterday. 4．Here is (be) the book you want. 5．Look！There comes (come) the school bus! Ⅲ.用适当的关系代词填空

1．I don't know the boy who/that is sitting beside you. 2．Have you read the book which/that

was written by Anne Frank? 3．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework. 4．Is this the teacher who/that rescued several students from the burning building? 5．Do you know the lady who/that our English teacher is talking with under the big tree? 6．Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. 7．The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 8．I still remember the earthquake that/which happened in 2013 in Sichuan. 9．Have you read the book that/which was written by Anne Frank? 10．The first thing that he did after arriving home was doing his homework. Ⅳ.用定语从句合并句子

1．Last week Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her. →Last week Mary wore the dress that/which_I_gave_to_her. 2．I'd like to take care of the child.Her mother died recently. →I'd like to take care of the child whose_mother_died_recently. 3．My grandparents live in a house.It is more than 100 years old. →My grandparents live in a house which/that_is_more_than_100_years_old. 4．I have a friend.He likes listening to classical music. I have a friend who_likes_listening_to_classical_music. 5．The girl is from America.Her father is a teacher. →The girl whose_father_is_a_teacher_is_from_America. Ⅴ.阅读理解

A

When people want to know about the weather，they usually go to their radios，TVs，newspapers，or to the Internet.However，you can also find many weather signs among wildlife，because of their highly developed senses.Drops in air pressure(压力) produce an effect on small animals in many ways.Mice and deer are good weather indicators.People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that，before a storm，field mice come out of their holes and run around.Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains.

Birds are especially good weather indicators because they also show the effect of a pressure drop in many ways.For example，some birds become irritable(急躁的) and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread.Other birds chirp(叽叽喳喳) and sing just before a storm.It seems that they know they won't get another chance for an hour or two.Birds also seek safe places before a storm.You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building.Pre-storm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying. It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime，rather than

during the periods in the spring or autumn.Watch for other weather signs if you see this.If they fly in the wrong direction，they may be flying ahead of a storm. By paying closer attention to some important signs in nature，we can become better prepared for any kind of weather. 【语篇解读】

文章主要讲的是动物，如老鼠、鹿、小鸟在天气变化前的不同反应。

1．The word “indicators” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．

A．maps

B．services

C．signs

D．stations 答案

C

[词义猜测题。作者在第一段中首先指出人们要想获取“weather signs”，其实观察野生动物也可以，接着给出原因，然后举例：Mice and deer are good weather indicators.由此可知答案选C。] 2．There will be a storm if birds ________. A．make more noise than usual B．fly in different directions C．come down from tall trees D．share a piece of bread 答案

A

[细节理解题。由第二段中的“irritable(急躁的)”，“quarrelsome”，“chirp(叽叽喳喳)”和“sing”等词可以看出A为正确答案。] 3．How can birds sense the coming of a storm? A．By feeling a drop in air temperature. B．By noticing the change of wind directions. C．By feeling a drop in air pressure. D．By noticing the movements of other animals. 答案

C

[细节理解题。由第二段的首尾句可以得出答案为C。] 4．The best title for the text would be ________. A．Signs of a Storm B．Drops in Air Pressure C．Animals' Sharp Senses D．Nature's Weather Signs 答案

C

[标题归纳题。文章主要讲的是动物，如老鼠、鹿、小鸟在天气变化前

的不同反应。] B

Natural disasters have hit Asia hard in recent years，taking hundreds of thousands of lives.But while these tragedies have destroyed homes and lives，they have also created heroes. The hero：Muelmar Magallanes The story：As the heavy rain was destroying homes and villagers in Manila，the 18-year-old worker jumped into action.Muelmar swam through the floods (洪水) and pulled 30 of his neighbors to safety.After pushing a mother and baby to shore on a small boat，the tired hero was lost in the water，and his body was discovered the next day.“He gave his life for my baby，” said Menchie Penalosa，the child's mother，“I will never forget him.”

The hero：Tilly Smith The story：You never know when those lessons learned in geography class will be put to good use.For Smith，just 10 years old at the time，being able to recognize the warning signs of a tsunami(海啸)，saved about 100 lives at a holiday center in Thailand.The English schoolgirl was walking on a beach in Phuket when she noticed the water was coming in，but it wasn't going out again.A tsunami，she realized，was just minutes away.Her father told everyone to leave the beach.That beach was one of the few in Phuket where no one was killed or seriously injured. The heroes：Aisah，Neneh，Azmi，Nuraida and Sulastri The story：For these five women from the village of Lampaseh，the tsunami took everything.That day，Aisah lost her 17-day-old granddaughter，Neneh lost seven of her nine children，Azmi lost her parents，Nuraida lost three of her sisters and brothers，and Sulastri lost her husband，daughter and youngest son.All lost their homes.Everything was gone except for their strong belief.Soon after the tsunami，the five women went back to clean up the village.These women lost nearly everything，except their determination(决心) to rebuild their lives. 【语篇解读】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了几个英雄的伟大事迹。

5．What happened to Muelmar? A．He lost his family in a flood.

B．He was found dead on a boat. C．He took part in a swimming race. D．He saved others at the cost of his own life. 答案

D

[细节理解题。根据文中描写的第一个英雄Muelmar Magallanes的事迹：pulled 30 of his neighbors to safety...the tired hero was lost in the water，and his body was discovered the next day以及被救孩子的母亲说的话He gave his life for my baby 可知，Muelmar为了营救他人牺牲了自己的生命。] 6．On the day of the tsunami in Thailand，Smith ________. A．was having a geography class B．got seriously injured C．was at the seaside D．lost her father 答案

C

[细节理解题。根据第二个英雄Tilly Smith的介绍The English schoolgirl was walking on a beach in Phuket when she noticed the water was coming in...可知。] 7．The five women from the village of Lampaseh can best be described as ________. A．clever

C．strong-minded

B．honest D．kind-hearted 答案

C

[推理判断题。根据最后一段中描写Lampaseh村庄的五名女子海啸过后几乎失去了一切却仍怀着决心来重建家园可知。] 8．What's the best title for the text? A．Meet the heroes created by disasters B．Create a better world together C．The worst disasters in Asia D．Brave acts of the good 答案

A

[标题归纳题。根据文章第一段的they have also created heroes 以及接下来叙述的三组英雄的英勇事迹可知，A项作标题最贴切。] Ⅵ.七选五

Tips for office workers on losing weight(体重) Keep away from office kitchens and vending(贩卖的) machines.

Vending machines hardly offer any nutritional(营养的) food，and the food that's

left in office kitchens is usually cakes or candies.__1__Start bringing your own meal.You'll save a lot of money while losing weight. Be a mindful eater.

If you eat when your body is truly hungry and stop before you feel a little full，you can more easily manage your weight.Most people，however，eat for emotional or environmental influences rather than physical hunger.__2__ And don't be affected by your emotion or the environment. __3__ Try to get some exercise (even if it's just 15 minutes) every day to relax your brain.It is even better if you exercise outside most days of the week.Exercise can help reduce stress and anxiety，and improve your feeling. Take enough sleep.

__4__ So sleep no less than seven hours every day and try to sleep for thirty minutes after lunch.__5__ Drinking is closely linked to being overweight，which is a serious danger to your diet.Drinking is high in calories(卡路里)，and it will influence you to reduce your determination to eat a healthy diet. A．Say“no”to drinking.

B．Exercise outdoors daily. C．So eat when you feel hungry. D．Remember that you can expect the best in return. E．Learn how to practice deep breathing to relax yourself. F．Enough sleep can help control our hunger hormones(激素) all day long. G．So don't buy any food in vending machines or eat food left in office kitchens. 答案

1.G

[根据本段标题“Keep away from office kitchens and vending machines.”可知，远离办公室厨房和自动贩卖机。再根据上文“Vending machines hardly offer any nutritional food，and the food that's left in office kitchens is usually cakes or candies.”可知，自动售卖机几乎不卖有营养的食物，而放在办公室厨房的食物通常是蛋糕或者糖果。因此不要买自动贩卖机里的任何食物和吃办公室厨房剩下的食物。] 2．C

[根据上文“If you eat when your body is truly hungry... you can more easily

manage your weight.Most people，however，eat for emotional or environmental influences rather than physical hunger.”可知，如果你在身体真正饿的时候吃东西，你能更容易地控制体重。但是，大多数人是在受情绪或者环境因素驱使下吃东西的，而不是因为肚子饿。再根据下文“And don't be affected by your emotion or the environment.”可知，不要受情绪和环境的影响。选项C意为“感到饿的时候吃饭。”与上、下文相衔接。] 3．B

[本段内容为“坚持每天做点运动(就算只做15分钟)，可以放松你的大脑。如果可以每天到户外去运动就更好了。运动有助于舒缓压力和焦虑，让你心情变好。”由此可知，本段标题为“每天做户外运动。”] 4．F

[根据下文“So sleep no less than seven hours every day and try to sleep for thirty minutes after lunch.”可知，因此每天睡眠不要少于7个小时，午饭后尽量睡30分钟。选项F意为“充足的睡眠能帮我们全天候控制饥饿激素。”与下文相衔接。] 5．A

[本段内容为“饮酒和超重紧密相连，而且饮酒会给你的饮食带来严重危险。酒热量很高，它会影响你健康饮食的决心。”由此可知，本段标题为“拒绝饮酒。”]