Using LanguageⅡ优质课教学设计

Section_Ⅱ

Learning_about_Language

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．sowvt.&vi.播种；传播→sown/sowed(过去分词)→sowern．播种者

2．correspondvi.通信；符合→correspondencen．通信；符合；对应→correspondent/correspondingadj.对应的；相当的；符合的

3．owevt.&vi.感激；欠(债等)→owingadj.未付的，欠着的

4．enclosuren．围地；围场→enclosev．围绕

5．authorityn．权力；权威；当局

6．desperateadj.不顾一切的；绝望的→desperationn．绝望；失望；神经过敏

7．shrinkvt. &vi.收缩；(使)皱缩；缩短→shrank(过去式)→shrunk/shrunken过去分词→shrinkagen．收缩，缩小

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

1．succeed in doing sth

2．dream of...

3．correspond with 4．owe...to 5．relate to 6．get out of...

Ⅲ.常用句型必备

1．In the early days there were not nearly _as_many women migrants as there were males，so many of the men remained bachelors. 2．Many dreamed of having a wife who would share their life and work alongside them as they built houses and established farms. Ⅳ.单元语法聚焦

The Predicative(表语) 成功地做某事

梦想……

与……通信

把……归功于；欠

有关，涉及

从……中逃脱/摆脱……

[单词点击]

1．correspond vi.通信；符合

Mr. Brown and his wife had corresponded for many years before they met. 布朗先生与妻子通信多年后才相会。

Your account and hers do not correspond. 你说的情况与她说的不相符。

correspond with/to...

correspond with sb.

与……相符/相一致

与某人通信

correspond to sth.类似于某物；相当于某物

correspondence n．对应，相当；相符，一致；通信，信件

in correspondence with...和……一致；与……有通信联系

corresponding adj.相应的，相当的；符合的，一致的

correspondent n．记者；adj.一致的；符合的；相当的

The arms of a man correspond to the wings of a bird. 人的双臂如同鸟的双翼。

He has corresponded with me about the problem. 关于这个问题，他跟我有过书信往来。

His actions do not correspond with his words. 他言行不一致。

完成句子

[即境活用1]

(1)They have been ________________________________(相互通信)for many years. (2)A secretary came in twice a week________________________________________(处理他的信件)．

(3)She________________________________(不再与他通信) after the death of her mother. 答案：(1)in correspondence with each other

(2)to deal with his correspondence

(3)stopped corresponding with him 2．owe v．感激；欠

I owe my teachers and parents a great deal. 我深深感激老师与父母。

How much do I owe you？我还欠你多少钱？

owe sb.sth.

owe sb.a favour

owe sb.an apology

owe...to...

欠某人某物

欠某人情

向某人致歉

把……归功于……

owe it to sb.to do sth.

owe it to yourself to do sth.

She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。

认为应该为某人做某事

认为自己应该做某事

This country owes billions of dollars to foreign creditors.这个国家欠外国债权人数十亿美元。

You owe it to your staff to be honest with them. 与下属坦诚相待，这是你对他们应有的态度。

[即境活用2]

We owe________Newton________the principle of gravitation. A．to；不填

C．to；to

B．不填；不填

D．不填；to 解析：选A

owe...to...“把……归功于……”。

3．authority n．[U，C]权威；权威人士；权力；职权；当局

He spoke with the voice of authority. 他以权威的口气说话。

You don't have any authority for entering this house.It's private.你们没有任何权力进入这所房子，这是私宅。

authority over

be an authority on

authorize v.

authoritative adj.

authorization n.

She is an authority on criminal law. 她是刑法专家。

[即境活用3]

She now has________the people who used to be her bosses.

A．authorities over

C．authorities on

B．authority over D．authority on 对……的凌驾

在……方面是权威

准；授权；委托

有权力的；有权威的；当局的

批准，授权

解析：选B

authority over“管辖着……”，为固定短语。authorities一般指“当局”。

4．desperate adj.不顾一切的；绝望的；铤而走险的；亡命的；极度渴望的

His failure made him desperate. 他因失败而铤而走险。

The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. 在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。

desperately adv.

desperation n.

绝望地；极度地

不顾一切；绝望

hopeless，desperate

(1)hopeless是不抱有任何希望而甘愿忍受可能发生的一切。

It's hopeless trying to convince her. 要说服她是没有希望的。

(2)desperate指因绝望而不顾一切，铤而走险。

The prisoners grew more desperate. 囚徒们在绝望中更加不顾死活了。

[即境活用4]

He was so desperate________a job that he would have done anything. A．at

C．for

B．to D．with 解析：选C

desperate“极度渴望的”，和for搭配，表达“渴望得到……”之意。

5．shrink v．(shrank；shrunk/shrunken)收缩；(使)皱缩；缩短；变小；减少

Will this shirt shrink in the wash? 这件衬衫洗后缩水吗？

The number of students has shrunk from 120 to 70. 学生人数已从120人减至70人。

a shrinking violet

shrink away/back from sth./sb.

shrink from (doing) sth.

I will not shrink from doing what is right. 只要做得对，我绝不畏惧。

[即境活用5]

Shortage of hands________our plant's yearly output. A．have shrunk

C．has shrank

B．has shrunk D．have shrank 胆小或怕羞的人

退缩；畏缩

不愿做某事

解析：选B

shortage为不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故A、D两项错误；shrink的过去分词为shrunk，故选B项。

[短语精析]

1．dream of/about梦见，梦想；向往

The soldier dreamed of home.这个士兵梦见了家。

He dreams of becoming a pilot.他一心想当飞行员。

dream away/out/through

dream up＝think up＝make up

wouldn't dream of...

go to one's dreams

dream a dream

[即境活用6]

He dreamed________a movie star when he was young. A．becoming

C．of becoming

B．became D．of became 虚度(时间、光阴) 设想出来；编造

不含有……想法

进入梦乡

做一个梦

解析：选C

dream of doing sth.为固定短语。

2．be related to与……有关的；属于同一家族或种类等

His fear of people is deeply related to his unhappy childhood. 他对人的畏惧和他不幸的孩提时代有密切的关系。

Are you related to Margaret? 你与玛格丽特是一家吗？

relate v．

把……联系起来；讲述

relate to有关；涉及；与……直接相关；和……和睦相处

related adj.

relation n.

in relation to...

bear no relation to...

relationship n.

relative n.

adj.

[即境活用7]

He________to us the story of his escape. A．explained

C．told

B．spoke D．related 有关系的；有亲戚关系的

亲戚；关系；联系

关于；与……相比

与……无关

关系

家人，亲属，亲戚

比较的，相比的

解析：选D

句意：他向我们讲述了他逃跑的经历。relate有“讲述”之意。

[句型归纳]

In the early days there were not nearly as_many women migrants as there were males，so many of the men remained bachelors.

早期的移民之中女性相对较少，因而很多男性只能独身。

句中as many women migrants as there were males，第一个as是副词，修饰many；第二个as是连词，引导从句there were males。形容词、副词的原级与比较常用句型：

(1)双方在程度、性质、特征等方面相等时，用“as＋原级adj./adv.＋as...”结构；如果涉及数量，我们可用“as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...”或“as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...”。

You're as tall as your father.你和你父亲一样高。

There are as many league members in our class as in their class.我们班团员和他们班一样多。

(2)双方不相等时，用“not＋so/as＋adj./adv.＋as...”。

Things didn't go so/as smoothly as we had expected.情况不像我们预料的那样顺利。

(3)如果一方是另一方的若干倍时用“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...”或“倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than”或“倍数＋the＋size(height，length，weight，width，etc)of...”。

This room is three times as large as that one. ＝This room is twice larger than that one. ＝This room is three times the size of that one. 这间房子是那间房子的三倍大。

as many as，as much as

(1)“as many as＋数词＋可数名词复数形式”用来表示某人或某处拥有物品的数量。

(2)“as much as＋数词＋不可数名词”常用来指金钱、距离、时间、重量、水量、雨量、热量等多方面的程度或数量

。

(3)as much as可用来修饰动词，而as many as 不能。在不指具体事物时，用as many as和as much as皆可。

[即境活用8]

The more I think about him，the more reasons I find for loving him________I did. A．as much as

C．as soon as

B．as long as D．as far as 解析：选A

as much as表示“一样多”，as much as I did意思是“尽量多地爱他”。

表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。表

语

充当表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。

1．名词

He turned doctor after school，as his parents had expected.正如父母所愿，毕业后他成了医生。

2．代词

—Whose sweater is that？那是谁的毛衣？

—It's mine.是我的。

3．数词

She was the first to leave but the last to arrive. 她是第一个走的，却是最后一个到的。

I'll be eighteen in May. 到五月份我就十八岁了。

4．形容词

The sky looks much higher in autumn. 秋天天空看上去更高。

5．动词的-ing形式和-ed形式

I am quite surprised to see you here. 在这里见到你我感到非常惊讶。

It's surprising that you haven't met. 你们两个人没有见过面这挺奇怪的。

Wasting time is killing yourself. 浪费时间就是浪费生命。

6．动词不定式或不定式短语

My wish is to become an artist. 我的愿望就是当一名艺术家。

All I could do was wait until help came. 我能做的就是等别人的帮助了。

7．副词及副词短语

I'm now downstairs，waiting for you.我正在楼下等你呢。

Is anybody in？有人在吗？

8．介词短语

We were at table when you called. 你来访时我们正在吃饭。

9．名词性从句

This is what I want to say.这就是我想说的话。

1．(重庆高考)The engine just won't start.Something seems ________ wrong with it. A．to go

C．going

B．to have gone D．having gone 解析：选B

考查非谓语动词。句意：发动机启动不了了，它好像出问题了。动词seem后常接动词不定式，因此C、D两项不正确。由句意可知，go这一动作在start之前发生，故选B。

2．(福建高考)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained ________ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A．sticking

C．to be stuck

B．stuck D．to have stuck 解析：选B

考查非谓语动词。句意：四月份，成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。此处remain为系动词，后接过去分词作表语，表示被动。

3．(四川高考)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”

A．when

C．why

B．how D．where 解析：选D

考查名词性从句。句意：奶奶指着医院说：“那是我出生的地方。”根据语境及句子结构可知，空格处用where引导表语从句。

4．(北京高考)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal. A．where

C．how

B．when D．why 解析：选B

考查表语从句。句意：对足球明星来说，最得意的时刻是踢进制胜球的时候。分析句子结构可知，________ he scored the winning goal在句中作表语，是表语从句，根据句意这里应表示“当……时候”，应用when，故选B。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．(天津高考)People have always been ________ about exactly how life on earth began. A．curious

C．anxious

B．excited D．careful 解析：选A

此题考查形容词辨析。句意：人们一直对于生命是如何在地球上开始的感到好奇。curious好奇的；excited兴奋的；anxious急切的；careful仔细的。故A项符合句意。be curious about“对……好奇”，为习惯搭配。

2．(浙江高考)I have been convinced that the print media are usually more ________ and more reliable than television. A．accurate

C．urgent

B．ridiculous D．shallow 解析：选A

考查形容词辨析。句意：我相信平面媒体要比电视有更高的准确度和可信赖度。此处用accurate“精确的，准确的”与后面的reliable“可信赖的，可依靠的”保持一致，故答案选A项。ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的；urgent紧急的，迫切的；shallow浅的，肤浅的。

3．(江苏高考)—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That's ________ I don't agree. You should have a more active life. A．where

C．when

B．how D．what 解析：选A

考查名词性从句。说话人在星期天喜欢一整天把自己关在家中听音乐，答话人对这一点不赞同。答语中“where I don't agree”是表语从句，表示的是抽象概念，where在从句中作地点状语。假如选择D项，agree后需要加上介词。

4．(辽宁高考)We only had D|S100 and that was ________ to buy a new computer. A．nowhere near enough

C．enough near nowhere

B．near enough nowhere D．near nowhere enough 解析：选A

考查形容词、副词的排列顺序。enough修饰形容词、副词时，通常要放在被修饰词语的后面。nowhere near为副词，意为“差得远，远不及”。句意：我们只有100美元。这笔钱远远不够买一台新电脑。根据语意选A项。

5．(全国卷Ⅱ)Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ________. A．popular

C．most popular

B．more popular D．the most popular 解析：选B

考查形容词等级的特殊用法。句意：布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他的工厂生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。此处比较级与否定词连用表示最高级含义。

6．(上海高考)One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A．that

C．what

B．how D．why 解析：选A

考查名词性从句。句意：她偏爱城市生活的原因之一是在城市里很容易找到像商店和餐馆一样的地方。系动词is之后是一表语从句，且从句的结构完整，不缺任何成分，所以用that引导。

7．(湖北高考)Mistakes don't just happen；they occur for a reason.Find out the reason，and then making the mistake becomes ________. A．favourable

C．essential

B．precious D．worthwhile 解析：选D

考查形容词辨析。句意：错误不单单发生，它们的发生都是有原因的，找出原因，那么犯的错误也就值得了。A项是“赞同的，有利的”；B项是“昂贵的，宝贵的”；C项是“必要的，重要的”；D项是“值得的”。

8．(四川高考)The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too ________. A．small

C．large

B．few D．many 解析：选C

考查形容词的用法。修饰number的形容词可以是large或small，结合语意“因为学生数量增长过多，所以这所学校迁出了市区”可知答案为C。

9．(四川高考) Ladies and gentlemen，please remain________until the plane has come to a complete stop. A．seated

C．to seat

B．seating D．seat 解析：选A

考查过去分词。remain seated“坐好，坐着不动”；seated既是过去分词，又具有形容词的特征，在句中作表语。

10．(江西高考)Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be ________to the kids. A．accessible

C．acceptable

B．relative D．sensitive 解析：选A

考查形容词辨析。句意：Frank把药放在顶层抽屉中，以确保孩子们够不到。accessible表示“可以得到的，可以接近的”，通常与to搭配。后三项分别表示“相关的”“可接受的”“敏感的”。

Ⅱ.完形填空

The position of children in American family and society is no longer what it used to be.The __1__family in colonial(殖民时期的)North America was mainly concerned with survival and __2__that，its own economic prosperity.Thus，children were__3__in terms of their productivity(生产能力)，and they played the role of producer quite early.__4__they fulfilled this role，their position in the family was one of subordination(附属)．

With the __5__of the society，the position of children in the family and in the society became more important.In the complex and technological society __6__the United States has become，each __7__must fulfill a number of personal and occupational __8__and be in contact with many

other members.__9__，viewing children as necessary members of society means that they are __10__more as people in their own right than as those of subordination.This acceptance of children as __11__participants in the family is reflected in various laws __12__the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs. This new __13__of children and the frequent contact between the members of society has also__14__an increasing interest in child-raising techniques.People today spend much time __15__the proper way to __16__children. Nowadays，the socialization of the child in the United States is a __17__transaction(事务)between parent and child __18__a one-way，parent-to-child training__19__.As a consequence，socializing children and __20__with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure，satisfaction，and problems. 1．A.poor

C．happy

B．ordinary D．wealthy 解析：选B

根据常理可知，happy和wealthy families不需要关注生存问题，而读上、下文可知文章不只是关注poor families的儿童。

2．A.except

C．beyond

B．for D．through 解析：选C

that指代上文的survival，结合下文可知用beyond“除……之外”。

3．A.supported

C．encouraged

B．received D．valued 解析：选D

根据上下文，孩子自身的价值通过其生产能力体现出来。be valued“被……估价，价值体现在……”，符合文意。be supported被支持；be received被接受；be encouraged被鼓励，均不符合题意。

4．A.Until

C．Although

B．After D．When 解析：选A

until“直到……；在……之前”，和延续意义的连系动词was一起使用，故这里孩子在家庭中所处的附属地位是指孩子在担当这一角色之前。

5．A.movement

C．development

B．achievement D．requirement 解析：选C

with the development of为固定短语，译为“随着……发展”。

6．A.that

C．when

B．where D．what 解析：选A

这里是一个定语从句，先行词是the complex and technological society，that在定语从句the United States has become中作become的表语，what不可以引导定语从句，where与when在定语从句中不作表语，一般只作状语。

7．A.parent

C．family

B．member D．relative 解析：选B

根据句意以及第二段第二句话中的many other members，可知选B项。

8．A.purposes

C．roles

B．promises D．tasks 解析：选C

从句意可知社会成员都必须在个人和工作上担当属于自己的角色，而不是task(任务)，也不是purpose(目的)或promise(许诺)。

9．A.Besides

C．Instead

B．However D．Therefore 解析：选D

上下文是因果关系，故选D项。

10．A.admired

C．made

B．regarded D．respected 解析：选B

be regarded as为固定短语，意为“被看作，被当作”。

11．A.willing

C．similar

B．equal D．common 解析：选B

从句意可知，孩子们现在在家庭中所担当的角色从过去的附属关系转变到现在平等的合作关系。

12．A.enjoying

C．considering

B．preventing D．protecting 解析：选D

法律是用来保护孩子权益的。而不是enjoy(享受)，prevent(阻止)或consider(考虑)。

13．A.view

C．world

B．faith D．study 解析：选A

the new view of children意为“对儿童的新看法”。

14．A.led in

C．resulted in

B．brought in D．taken in 解析：选C

根据行文逻辑关系可知此处选“导致”。故选C项。如果选A应改为led to；bring in“引进，挣钱”和take in“吸收，欺骗”均不符合题意。

15．A.seeking

C．fighting

B．making D．working 解析：选A

由上句可推出，人们花很多时间是去寻求抚养孩子的合适、恰当的方法。seek寻求。

16．A.nurse

C．understand

B．praise D．raise

解析：选D

由前一句话child-raising techniques可知答案。

17．A.one-sided

C．round-way

B．many-sided D．two-way 解析：选D

由下文one-way可知，儿童的社会化已经成为父母和儿童双方的事务而不是仅由父母单方面对孩子的培养计划。故选D项。

18．A.more than

C．better than

B．rather than D．less than 解析：选B

由前后逻辑关系可知，此空应为“而不是”，故选B项。

19．A.manner

C．program

B．method D．guide 解析：选C

通讲全文可知，文章讲的是父母对孩子成长所进行的培养或培训计划。而不是manner(方法，举止)；method(方法)或guide(指引，指导)。

20．A.talking

C．playing

B．living D．discussing 解析：选B

“孩子走向社会”应与“与他们长时间生活在一起”对父母来说是矛盾着的。