Learning about Language教学设计

必修四

Unit5

Grammar—the －ing Form

The analysis of teaching content

This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar：the －ing form.In the English language，the －ing form of a verb may be a present participle or a gerund.The form is identical and the difference is in the function，or the job it does in the sentence.The present participle is most commonly used：

(1)After verbs of movement/position in the pattern. (2)After verbs of perception in the pattern.The gerund always has the same function as a noun(although it looks like a verb)．

In this period we will focus on only part of the usages of the present participle，that is，the present participle used as the adverbial. Teaching aims

Knowledge and skills

1．To get the students to know the different forms and usages of the present participle. 2．To enable the students to use the present participle as the adverbial correctly and properly. Process and methods

1．To ask the students to pick out the sentences with the －ing form from the reading passage and translate them into Chinese. 2．To ask the students to discover the form and usages of the －ing form by comparing a lot of example sentences. 3．To ask the students to do the exercises in Discovering useful structures on Page 37 for students to master the －ing form. 4．To ask the students to summarize the －ing form. 5．To ask the students to do the exercises in Using Structures

on Page 71 and some other additional exercises for consolidation. Emotion, attitude and value

1．To get the students to become interested in grammar learning. 2．To develop the students' ability of comparing and summarizing. Teaching important, difficult points

1．To get the students to master the structure and usages of the －ing form. 2．To enable the students to learn how to use the －ing form correctly. Teaching procedures Step 1

Revision

1．Check the homework exercises. 2．Dictate some new words and expressions. 3．Translate the following sentences into English：

(1)凯特早上看到了火山爆发，她兴奋得整夜不能入睡。

(2)得知可怕的台风的消息后，我打电话给爸爸看一切是否安好。

Suggested answers：

(1)Having seen a volcano erupting in the morning，Kate felt excited and couldn't fall asleep at night. (2)Having got the news about the terrible typhoon，I called my father to see if everything was OK. Step 2

Warming up

Ask the students to go back to Page 33 and study the following three sentences in Pre－reading and translate them into Chinese paying special attention to their verb forms：

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(1)Do you think you would enjoy studying volcanoes as a job? (2)Do you like working outside as well as inside? (3)Are you interested in studying rocks and other things that make up the surface of the earth? Tell the students that the above three sentences are with the －ing form and discuss it with them.Then ask the students to think over the question “What is the －ing form？”

Suggested answers：

(1)你认为你会乐意把研究火山作为工作吗？

(2)你喜欢室内工作同时也喜欢室外工作吗？

(3)你对研究岩石及其他一些组成地球表面的物质感兴趣吗？

Step 3

Grammar learning

Ask the students to study the following sentences and try to summarize the structures and the meanings of the －ing form. 1．the －ing form as the adverbial (1)Because_I_was_feeling_tired，I went to bed early.因为感到累了，所以我早早地上床睡觉了。

(＝_Feeling_tired，I went to bed early.) (2)While_I_was_walking along the street，I met Mary.在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。

(＝Waking along the street，I met Mary.) (3)If_you_turn to the left，you will find the school.向左转，你就会找到那个学校。

(＝Turning_to the left，you will find the school.) (4)Though_he_knows where I live，he never comes to see me. 虽然他知道我的住处，但是他从来不来看我。

(＝Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me.) (5)I stood there，and_waited for her.我站在那儿等她。

(＝I stood there，waiting for her.) 2．having done (1)After_I_had_finished my work，I went home.工作做完之后我就回家了。

(＝Having_finished my work，I went home.) (2)Because_the_book_had_been_written in haste，it has some faults.

这本书因为仓促完成，所以有些缺憾。

(＝Having_been_written in haste，the book has some faults.)

Step 4

Summing up

Try to help the students draw the following conclusions. 1．The －ing form can be used as the adverbial in a sentence to give information about time，reasons or results. 2．We use the structure “having＋past participles”(the perfect －ing form)to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by the verb in the main clause. Step 5

Grammar practice

Ask students to do the following exercises. 1．Change the following sentences into the －ing form.Put the verbs into the correct forms. (1)When Rose woke up in the middle of the night，she saw her room was as bright as day. (2)After we had stopped the car，we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn't see clearly ahead. (3)Because I had spent all night reading the documents，I was very tired the next day. (4)As the child had never seen a rainbow before，he was very excited. Suggested answers：

(1)Waking up in

the middle of the night，Rose saw her room was as bright as day. (2)Having stopped the car，we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn't see clearly ahead.

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(3)Having spent all night reading the documents，I was very tired the next day. (4)Having never seen a rainbow before，the child was very excited. 2．Do Exercise 4 in Discovering useful structures on Page 37. First ask students to do the exercises individually and then let them discuss and check their answers with their partners，and finally give them the correct answers and deal with any problems they might meet. Step 6

Getting more about the grammar

Ask students to go back to Page 34 and read through the reading passage An Exciting Job to pick out the sentences with the －ing form and then translate them into Chinese. Suggested answers：

(1)Sometimes working_outdoors，sometimes in an office，sometimes using_scientific_equipment and sometimes meeting_local_people_and_tourists，I am never bored. 有时在室外工作，有时在办公室，有时工作中要用科学仪器，有时要会见当地百姓和旅游人士，我从来不感到工作烦人。

(2)My job is collecting_information_for_a_database_about_Mount_Kilauea，which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. 我的任务是收集有关基拉韦厄火山的数据资料，这是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。

(3)Having_experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didn't take much notice. 因为我在夏威夷经历过多次地震，所以我对这种声音并不在意。

(4)Having_studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. 虽然我从事火山研究很多年了，但我现在仍然对它们的壮丽景色和它们那潜在的巨大破坏力感到惊愕不已。

Step 7

Closing down by a quiz

Ⅰ.Show students the following on the screen or give out test papers to them.

1．The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ______ the desert. A．covering

B．covered

C．cover

D．to cover 2．The flowers ______ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A．to smell

B．smelling

C．smelt

D．to be smelt

3．Will those ______the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office? A．teaching

B．teach

C．who teaches

D．who teaching

4．______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A．The president will attend

B．The president to attend C．The president attended

D．The president's attending

5．—Why did you go back to the shop?

—I left my friend ______ there. A．waiting

B．to wait

C．wait

D．waits

6．Don't leave the water ______while you brush your teeth. A．run

B．running

C．being run

D．to run

7．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______in the kitchen. A．smoke

B．smoking

C．to smoke

D．smoked

8．When ______different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A．compared

B．being compared

C．comparing

D．having compared

9．More and more people are signing up for yoga classes nowadays，______advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A．taking

B．taken

C．having taken

D．having been taken

10．Daddy didn't mind what we were doing，as long as we were together，______ fun.

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A．had

B．have

C．to have

D．having

11．Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，____a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A．have reached

B．reaching

C．to reach

D．to be reaching

12．He came to the party without ______. A．being invited

B．having invited

C．to be invited

D．inviting

Suggested answers：

1．A

2.B

3.A

4.D

5.A

6.B

7.B

8.C

9.A

10.D

11.B

12.A Ⅱ.Complete the following sentences using the v－ing form.

1．Can you imagine yourself ______ in a lonely island？(stay) 2．I can't understand your ______ at that poor child.(laugh) 3．She didn't mind ______ overtime.(work) 4．To make a living，he tried ______，______，and various other

things，but he had failed in all.(write；paint) 5．We are looking forward to Mary's ______.(come) 6．She was praised for ______ the life of the child.(save) 7．She ought to be praised instead of ______.(criticize) 8．Is there any possibility of our ______ the championship？(win) Suggested answers：

1．staying

2.laughing

3.working

4.writing；painting

5.coming

6.having saved 7．being criticized

8.winning

Step 8

Homework

Finish off the Workbook exercises. Step 9

Reflection after teaching

This period is a little difficult for students to understand. I should give them more exercises to practise so that they can mater this grammar quickly.

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