Learning about Language优秀教案案例

泾干中学导学案

学科：

英语 编写人：赵曼 审核人：彭青 审批人：

彭青 编号： YY-08-004 年级：

高一 班 级： 组 别： 学生姓名： 时间：

课题

unit 3 Computers

(Learning about language)

学习目标

1. To learn some useful words and expressions （1分钟）

2. To deal with some exercises on the grammar :

The present perfect passive voice 重难点

Help the students understand the usage of the present perfect passive voice （2分钟）

教学过程

（研展练各环节的设计）

Step I 复习

revision 上单元所学一般将来时被动语态的结构：

____________________________ Step II Discovering useful structures 1.

Can you pick out some sentences in the present perfect passive voice from the reading passage? 1) ________________________________________________________________

2)_________________________________________________________________ 2.Look at the tense used in the sentences you picked out and think over the question: What is the structure of the present future passive voice? 3. 总结

summing up The structure of the present future passive voice is (现在完成时被动语态的结构)：

________________________________________________ Step III

The present perfect passive voice

现在完成时的被动语态

1．现在完成时被动语态的构成

(1) 现在完成时被动语态:has/have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

否定式是:在have／has + not been + 及物动词的过去分词

疑问句式: have / has + 主语

+ been + 及物动词的过去分词

特殊疑问句式：疑问词+have／has + 主语

+ been + 及物动词的过去分词

比如：

The 29th Olympic Games haven’t been held yet．

第29届奥运会还没有举行。

Has his new novel been translated into English yet?

他的新小说被译成英语了吗? How long has the book been kept?

这本书借了多长时间了7

．

How many new words have been learned this term? 这学期已经学了多少新单词了?

2．现在完成时被动语态的主要用法

(1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在的影响或结果。

The book has been translated into English．

这本书已经被翻译成英文了。

(2)表示被动的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long…?句型中。表示从过去延续到现在并包含现在在内的一段时间状语有：already, yet, lately, recently, in the last/past few years, since then, up to now, so far

等。

How long has the computer been used? 这台电脑用了多长时间了? 【注意】

(1)现在完成时被动语态的两个助动词：have／has和been缺一不可。

(2)注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。

一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果．

The machine has been repaired．机器已经修好了。(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)

The machine was repaired yesterday．机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。) (3)不可与确定的表示过去或将来的时间状语连用(如yesterday，three days ago，in l970等)，但可与不确定的时间状语连用(如already，yet，just，often，recently，in the past few years等)。

They have been punished recently．

他们近来受到了惩罚。

(4)有些动词像finish，buy，start，begin，return，join，marry，open，die等，表示的动作很短暂，称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。它们构成的现在完成时被动语态不能与for构成的短语，since构成的短语或引导的句子连用，也不能用于How long…?句型中。

The book has been finished for two years．(×) The book was finished two years a90．(√)

(5)动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

The orphans have been taken good care of here．

孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。

使用现在完成时被动语态要注意以下几点：

1. 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。例如：

We have built many houses in the past ten years. →Many houses have been built in the past ten years. 2. 带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, tell, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。例如：We have given him the book. →He has been given the book.

→The book has been given to him.

3. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。例如：

I have told them to help you.→They have been told to help you.

I have made her work hard.→She has been made to work hard.

4. 短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语的完整性，动词后原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。例如：They have referred to the books.→The books have been referred to (by them).

He has thought of a way of dong it.→A way of doing it has been thought of.

［典例解析］

1.Hundreds of jobs ________ if the factory closes.

A. lose

B. will be lost

C. are lost

D. will lose [解析]本句的意思是：如果工厂倒闭，那么将失去数百个工作岗位。lose a job意为”失业”。工

2

作将被失去，要用将来时态的被动语态，因此排除答案A、C和D，答案选B。

2.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________ by 2006. (2004北京) A. has been completed

B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed [解析]宾语从句中主语all construction work for the Beijing Olympics和谓语动词complete之间有被动关系，所以谓语要用被动语态，因此排除选项B和D；by 2006暗示谓语要用将来完成时态，因此答案选C。

3. All the preparations for the task ________, and we are ready to start.(NMET2000春招) A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed [解析]本句的意思是：这项工作的一切准备工作已经就绪,我们只等开始了。前半句主语和谓语有被动关系，后半句暗示说话是从现在着眼,所以用现在完成时态的被动语态。答案D。

Step IV Practise

1．完成句子

1．So far the novel ____________________________ (已被翻译成五种语言)．

2．___________________________(已经兴建了100多家工厂)in this city in the past ten years．

3．The 30th Olympics __________________________(还没有举行)．

4．Jack ____________________________(已被告知这个消息了)，so you needn’t ring him up．

5．__________________(没有人来买过书)since last week．

Ⅱ．单项填空

1．一The student __________home because of stealing．

--- I’m so sorry to hear that．

A．has been sent

B．has sent

C．had been sent D．sent 2．一Hi! Where are you going?

一What’s wrong?

一一The road repairs __________．

A．haven’t completed

B．weren’t completed

C．haven’t been completed D．didn’t complete

3．How many man-made satellites ______up in our country since last year?

A．sent

B．was sent

C．have sent

D．have been sent 4．The bedroom _________ since last week．

A．was not cleaned

B．is not cleaned

C．has not been cleaned

D．has not cleaned 5．一_______the letter _____to Mr．Black? 一No．It’s still on the desk．

A．Has；given

B．Will；be given

C．Was；given

D．Has；been given 6．一__________the sports meeting might be put off．一Yes, it all depends on the weather．

A．I’ve been told

B．I’ve told

C．I’m told

D．I told 7．My brother ____________the Youth League for two years．

A．has been in

B．has entered

C．has taken part in

D．has joined in 8．If Newton lived today，he would be surprised by what___________ in science and technology．

A．had discovered

B．had been discovered

C．has discovered D．has been discovered 9．Three more new teaching buildings ______________in our school in the past 5 years．

A．have built

B．were built

C．will be built

D．have been built

课堂检测

课堂小结

例如：构建思维导图

（3分钟）

教学反思

3

4