Learning about Language课件配套优秀教案案例

Unit 3 Computers Grammar Two Tasks: I. The Present Perfect Tense II. The Present Perfect Passive Voice The Present Perfect Tense 现

在

完

成

时

The Present Perfect Tense 含义I 1. 表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对

现在造成的影响或结果. 2. 不仅单纯表示一个过去的动作，而且还表示

该动作对现在的某种影响以及产生的后果；

既涉及过去，又联系现在。即现在完成时的

动作并非“现在”完成，而是“过去”完成，并

并

重在强调动作完成的结果与影响。

e.g. We have seen the new film . I bought a new car two weeks ago . I have bought a new car. (两周以前购买，动作发生于过去。) (“我”“已经购买”，“已经拥有”，

重在强调“有”的结果与影响。) I had my lunch at twelve o'clock . I have had my lunch . (我在12 点吃的午饭。) (我已经吃了午饭。) 构成：

The Present Perfect Tense have/has + P.P. Note: P.P.＝past participle 过去分词

e.g. I've seen this film. He has lost his math book. The Present Perfect Tense 过去分词的构成：

⑴

一般动词，在词尾直接加“

-ed ”。

⑵

以“

e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“

-d ”。

⑶

以“辅音字母

+ y ”结尾的动词，将

“y”

变为

“i”

，

再加“

-ed ”。

⑷

重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，

先双写该辅音字母，再加“

-ed ”。

规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

work visit live study cry play stop drop 不规则动词：

不规则动词的过去分词要特别牢记，详见课后附录中的不规则动词表。

The Present Perfect Tense 句式变化：

1) 肯定句：

have/has + P.P. 2) 否定句：

have/has + ____ + P.P. not 3) 一般疑问句：

Have you done your homework? I came here eight years ago . I have lived here for eight years . I have lived here since eight

years ago . 我

8 年前来到这儿。

我在这儿住了已经

8 年了。

我自从

8 年前就住在这儿。

表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。

The Present Perfect Tense 含义II 连用的时间状语：

The Present Perfect Tense for + 一段时间

since + 过去时间点

/ 过去动作点（从句）

I have lived here for eight years. I have lived here since eight years ago. I have lived here since 1981. The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现

在

完

成

时

的

被

动

语

态

一、现在完成时的被动语态构成：

have/has been + 动词的过去分词

表示到现在为止已经完成的某个被动的动作。例如：

1. The new bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed. 2. Many more buildings have been built in the past ten years. •

3. The dirty clothes have been washed. •

4. The plan has been studied by the •

experts for three times. •

5. The child has been taken care of by •

Grandma Wang all these years. 二、现在完成时的被动语态主要用

用

于以下情况：

•

1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：

•

The Temple of Zhang Fei has been •

rebuilt. •

张飞庙已经过重建。

•

2. 说话时已完成的动作或出现的结果。

•

The door has been locked. •

门已经被锁上了。

•

（我或别人现在进不去）

•

3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, •

并可能持续下去。如：

•

He has been told about it for many times. •

有人告诉他这事很多次了。

•

（可能还会有人告诉他）

•

4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示

•

将来某时已完成的动作。如：

•

We ’ll start as soon as the work has •

been finished. •

工作一完成我们就立即动身。

三、句式转化：

1.现在完成

时被动语态肯定句

主语+ has/ have been + done+... Her motorbike has been stolen. 她的摩托车被了。

2.现在完成时被动语态否定句

主语+has/ have +not+ been+ done…

The task has not been finished yet. 任务尚未完成。

3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句

Have/Has+主语+been + done +...? Has a new computer been bought? 一台新电脑已经被买了吗？

4.现在完成时态被动语态的特殊疑问句

疑问词+have/has+been+done+…？

Ten computers have been bought by the company. By whom have ten computers been bought？

The Present Perfect Passive Voice 构成：

have / has + _______ + done been 主动变被动：

We have used every possible means to prevent the air pollution. Every possible means ______________ to prevent the air pollution. has been used Exercises 1. Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up 2. ----_____ the sports meet will be put off. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told 3. All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done 4. ---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed B A D B 5. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided B 6. No permission has ____ for anybody to enter the building.（MET1988）

A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving A 7. Until now, his homework has not _____ finished. A. being B. be C. been D. to be C 8. The windows _____,you need not wash it again. A. is washed B. was washed C. has been washed D. will be washed C 9. The snow on the street ____, you can go home now. A. has been cleared B. had been cleared C. will be cleared D. was cleared A