Using LanguageⅠ第二课时教学实录

Unit 3 Computer 教学设计

Period 1: Warming up and reading Teaching Aims To talk about computer To read about computer

Procedures I. Warming up

Warming up by talking about computer Look at the pictures on page 17. What are they? What do they have in common? Yes, they are computers. Then what is a computer? A computer is a machine which stores knowledge in its memory and does calculations on that knowledge. This knowledge is stored in symbols; it is called data. A computer usually has a monitor to show results. However, some computers can speak; these computers can be used for voice mail.

计算机室

A computer

frequently requires a boot device. The boot device contains the computer’s operating system and data. Computer programs can be installed onto a computer. Some people think that computers are less useful if they do not have access to the Internet. They think this because the Internet allows the computers to send and receive data and email across the world. - 1 -

曙光3000巨型计算机

A computer is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials which are toxic; these materials will become toxic waste when disposed of. When a new computer is purchased in some places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is called product stewardship. In some countries old computers are recycled (melted down) to get gold and other metals. This is dangerous, because this procedure releases the toxic waste into the water and soil.

Computers become obsolete quickly. Very often they are given away and new ones replace them within two or three years. This makes the problem worse. Computer recycling is thus common. Many projects try to send working computers to developing nations so they can be re-used and will not become waste as quickly.

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Computer jargon 计算机行话

Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what these words mean can help you know more about computers. Some people use these words to impress other people (Also known as buzzwords). Examples of jargon: Bit - The smallest data unit, can either be a “0.” or a “1.”.

Byte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and Nibble

CPU

–Central Processing Unit, Another name for processor

Data - Information stored on a computer

Disk - A place to store data.

Email - Electronic mail.

GHz - Gigahertz. Used often incorrectly to describe the speed of a processor. But with some 2.4 GHz processors faster than 3.6 GHz ones, it is clear that it is just a salesman trick.

Load - Get data from a disk

Nibble - Half a Byte

Save - Put data on a disk

RAM

– random-access memory(随机存取存储器), the more the better.

USB - Universal Serial Bus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座）

WWW - World Wide Web, part of the Internet II. Pre-reading 1. Questioning and answering---What do you know about computer?

●Electronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of various types of data, under the control of a stored set of instructions. The machine itself is the hardware; the instructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, computers are called mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desk-top and portable personal computers. ●A multi-function electronic device that can execute instructions to perform a task. ●A device that accepts information, processes it, and supplies an output. A computer usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output. - 3 -

●a programmable hardware component that is controlled by internally stored programs and that can perform substantial computations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A computer typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices. ●Related to automation and electronic data processing. The Library of Congress commonly classes most computer-related books in HF5548, QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges.

●a machine for performing calculations automatically

calculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines)

●A computer is a device or machine for making calculations or controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are constructed from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components endow computers with the ability to process information. If correctly configured (usually by, programming) a computer can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a computer configured in this way is give

2. Discussing and sharing---How have computers changed our lives? Someday soon, if you haven’t already, you’re likely to plug into the computer network nation growing in our midst. Computer terminals, or small computers connected via modem (a modulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding computer chatter) to ordinary telephone lines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. They’re a much more useful and humane tool - 4 -

than the phone, and with corporate America behind them the networks will be everywhere----changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile. Joining a computer network is the same as joining a community. Small systems are like villages, where new members are formally welcomed. The larger networks, the Source and CompuServe, for example, are cities-anonymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into.

III. Reading

1. Listening and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Turn to page 18 and listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses, pronunciation and intonation of the native reader. 2. Reading aloud and underlining expressions Now we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put them down into your notebook after class as homework. Collocations from WHO AM I?

begin as…, a calculating machine, be built as…, at that time, a technological revolution, the start of artificial intelligence, write a book, be made to work, solve problems, from then on , grow any larger, As time went by, go back to…,be made smaller,

memory became so large, stand there by oneself, be connected by…, share knowledge with others through…, be put into…, provide humans with…, deal with…, truly filled with…

3. Reading, identifying and settling Attention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your group members. You may also put your questions to me for help.

Chat （online）（在线）聊天

To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat room or - 5 -

messaging service like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, or MSN Messenger. IV. Comprehending 1.

Scan the text for information to complete the table below, describing the development of computer. In 1642 In 1822 In 1936 The computer began as a calculating machine. The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage. The computer grew rapidly both in size and

in brainpower. 1940s In 1960s In 1970s Now The computer had grown as large as a room. The first family of computer was connected to each other. Computers were used in offices and homes. Computers connect people all over the world

Together. 2.

Read the text again and complete the chart below.

Topic sentence Paragraph 1 Over time I have

been changed quite a lot. Paragraph 2 These changes only became possible as my memory improved. Supporting 

Calculating machine details 

Analytical machine 

Universal machine 

PC 

laptop 

tubes



transistors



chips



network



world wide web



communications 

finance 

trade 

robots



mobile phones 

space rockets 

providing a life of

high quality

Paragraph 3 Since the 1970s

many new applications

have been found for me. - 6 -

Period 2: Learning about Language Teaching Aims: To learn to use The Present Perfect Passive Voice

To discover useful words and expression To discover useful structures Procedures

I. Warming up by reading to the tape To begin with, turn to page 18, listening to and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Attention goes to the pauses and intonation, as well as the pronunciation of the reader.

II. Discovering useful words and expressions In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes. III. Learning about grammar 1. Passive Voice—Overview Tense or Model

Simple Present Simple past Simple Future Passive Sentence

The TOEFL exam is given every six months. The TOEFL exam was given last month. The TOEFL exam this year will be given on October15. Present Continuous The TOEFL exam is being given every year. Present perfect Past perfect Simple Modal Past Modal The TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950. The TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War occurred. The TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student. The TOEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges. 2. The Present Perfect Passive Voice The structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is: have/ has ＋

been＋~ed - 7 -

IV. Reading aloud and discovering Now go back to page 18 to read aloud and discover in the text examples of The Present Perfect Passive Voice.

…as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. V. Discovering useful structure We shall do grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 21.

VI. Closing down by doing a quiz Correct the mistakes in these passive voice sentences Example: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.) 1.

3000 employees were laying off.

2.

A story will made up.

3.

An idea was putted forward for discussion.

4.

Has the book been give back to you yet? 5.

My bank loan will be payed off in five years time.

6.

Nothing can be hold against me.

7.

Our allies will be lend support.

8.

She has never heard of.

9.

She was being knocked down by a bus.

10.

She was letted off with a fine.

11.

The candle was blow out by the draught.

12.

The criminal were locked up.

13.

The flood water was be kept back by barriers.

14.

The inconvenience will made up for by this money.

15.

The keys must have been being left behind.

16.

The old cinema is being pull down.

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17.

The protesters being held back by the police.

18.

The road was blocking off.

19.

Thirty more people were laid off last week.

20.

Your jacket can be hanged up over there. Period 3: Using Language

Teaching Aims: To discuss about IT To write a report about IT To read about androids or robots

Procedures I. Warming up by talking about IT What is Information technology? Information technology (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime. II. Listening and writing Turn to page 22. Discuss in pairs what IT consists of and then make a list. Listen to the text

about different kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in groups the advantages and disadvantages of each kind.

III. Reading, speaking and writing It is said that computers could be put into androids or robots. Read the text Andy—The Android, underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could have!

Expressions from Andy—The Android part of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be as…as…, in fat, look like…, on the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to…, in computer language, have - 9 -

a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a new kind of program, improve one’s intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, program…with…, make up…, after all, with the help of…

Speaking and writing Suppose you and your partner are going to help choose computers for your school. Now talk about the special things each of the computer can do and write a report to your headmaster.

IV. Writing a letter Suppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy.

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Android

An android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. The word derives from Greek Andr- ‘man, human’ and the suffix -eides used to mean ‘of the species, kind, alike’ (from eidos ‘species’).

The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from this meaning. Some people maintain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a male human and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called a gynoid for sexist language to be avoided; however, this word is not commonly used. Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partly organic and partly mechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote several different kinds of man-made, autonomous creations: a robot that closely resembles a human

a cyborg that closely resembles a human

an artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that closely resembles a human

Although essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have independence). The term android was first used by the French author Mathias Villiers de l'Isle-Adam (1838-1889) in his work Tomorrow’s Eve, featuring a man-made human-like robot named Hadaly. As said by the officer in the story, “In this age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of those responsible for these mechanical dolls.”

附：备课参考资料

Computer Basics To accomplish a task using a computer, you need a combination of hardware, software, and input. Hardware consists of devices, like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse and speakers. Inside your computer there are more bits of - 11 -

hardware, including the motherboard, where you would find the main processing chips that make up the central processing unit (CPU). The hardware processes the commands it receives from the software, and performs tasks or calculations. Software is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certain types of activities. There is operating system software, such as the Apple OS for a Macintosh, or Windows 95 or Windows 98 for a PC. There is also application software, like the games we play or the tools we use to compose letters or do math problems.

You provide the input. When you type a command or click on an icon, you are telling the computer what to do. That is called input.

How They Work Together First, you provide input when you turn on the computer. Then the system software tells the CPU to start up certain programs and to turn on some hardware devices so that they are ready for more input from you. This whole process is called booting up. The next step happens when you choose a program you want to use. You click on the icon or enter a command to start the program. Let’s use the example of an Internet browser. Once the program has started, it is ready for your instructions. You either enter an address (called a URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator), or click on an address you’ve saved already. In either case, the computer now knows what you want it to do. The browser software then goes out to find that address, starting up other

hardware devices, such as a modem, when it needs them. If it is able to find the correct address, the browser will then tell your computer to send the information from the web page over the phone wire or cable to your computer. Eventually, you see the web site you were looking for. If you decide you want to print the page, you click on the printer icon. Again, you have provided input to tell the computer what to do. The browser software determines whether you have a printer attached to your computer, and whether it is turned on. It may remind you to turn on the printer, then send the information about the web page from your computer - 12 -

over the cable to the printer, where it is printed out. II. Television Old portable television

A television (also TV or telly) is a device (tool) with a screen that receives broadcast signals and turns them into pictures and sound. The word “television” comes from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (seeing). Usually a TV looks like a box. Older TVs had large wooden frames and sat on the floor like furniture. Newer TVs became smaller so they could fit on shelves, or even portable so you could take it with you wherever you went. The smallest TVs can fit in your hand. The largest TVs can take up a whole wall in your house, and may sit on the floor, or be just a large flat screen that can be mounted on the wall. Many TVs are now made in wide screen shape like movie theatre screens, rather than old, more square TVs. A television has an antenna (or aerial), or it has a cable. This gets the signal from the air, or cable provider. TVs can also show movies from DVD players or VCRs. TVs can be connected to computers and game consoles, usually through a kind of socket called “SCART”. III. Web or World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that contains web sites and web pages. It is not used to describe WebPages that are used offline where net services are not available, or no computer network exists - such as Wikipedia on CD. In this case no real physical site exists other than the place where the computer is. Blog and Wiki capabilities will also not be available because these require a communication with other computers. IV. Radio Radio is a communications invention. Though originally used to communicate between two people, it is now used to listen to music, news, and people talking. Radio shows were the predecessor to TV programs. V. DVD DVD most commonly stands for “digital versatile disk”. It can play video that is of a higher quality than a VHS tape.

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VI. Two kinds of DVD They can also hold 4.7 GB of information as opposed to the 700 MB that a CD can hold. A plus of using a DVD for a video is the ability to have interactive menus and bonus features such as deleted scenes and commentaries. VII. Email Email (electronic mail) is a message, usually text, sent from one Internet user to another. Email is quicker than snail mail(mail) when sending over long distances and is usually free. To send or receive an email, a computer with a modem and telephone line connected to the Internet, and an email program are required. Email addresses are generally formated like this: login@server.(com or fr or org or uk or other).

Some companies let you send and receive email for free from a website. Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo! do this. VIII. Human Here are two humans. A man is on the left and a woman is on the right. A human or human being is a person, like you. A male human is a man, a female human is a woman. If you think about all humans in the whole world, they are called humanity. In the past, people have also used man and mankind to mean all humans. Humans are called Homo sapiens by scientists. Humans are an animal species that belongs to the group called primates. Monkeys are primates too, but the primates most like people are gorillas and chimpanzees. Most scientists think that chimpanzees and humans came from a common ancestor by what is called evolution. Other animals even more like humans than chimpanzees once lived too, but they are now extinct. Human rights are those things that everyone deserves and the way they should be treated by other people.

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