Learning about Language公开课教案

Unit Seven

Leaning about English Text A The Glorious Messiness of English

I. Teaching Plan 教学计划

1. 教学目标及基本要求：

Objectives: Students will be able to: 1) grasp the main idea (because of its tolerance for outside influences, English has become a great language) and the structure of the text; 2) understand some idiomatic English usages mentioned in the unit; 3) grasp the key language points and structures in the text; 4) conduct a series of reading, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.

2. 教学内容及学时分配：

Course Arrangement and Time Allocation: 1) Pre-reading tasks: (1st period) T asks Ss several questions on the recorded passage and introduces several cultural information; 2) While-reading tasks: （2nd, 3 period）

text organization and text analysis and language learning and summary about the whole text; 3) Post-reading tasks: （4,5th period）

writing and homework, speaking and discussion. thrd3. 教学重点及难点：

Difficult and key points in teaching: 1) understand some idiomatic English usages mentioned in the unit; 2) The methods of rhetoric; 3) Important language points in the text;

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4) the history of English language. 4. 教学内容的深化及拓宽：

Ability improvement Students conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing practice to deepen their understanding of the points taught in class. 5.

教学方式及在教学中应注意的问题：

Teaching methods and problems should be paid attention:

1) A combination of traditional teaching methods with the communicative approach will be adopted.

2) Special attention should be paid to classroom interaction.

3) More encouragement and praise should be given to students for their voluntary answers and opinions. 4) More encouragement is needed and more guidance will be given to them in their extracurricular study. 7. 思考题和习题：

《全新版大学英语综合教程2》第七单元Text A后的所有习题。

阅读第七单元Text B，完成后面的相关练习。

《全新版大学英语阅读教程2》第七单元及相关练习。

《大学英语阅读进阶》第七单元及相关练习。

《全新版大学英语听说教程2》第七单元的所有练习题。

II. Teaching Procedures 教学过程: Pre-reading Activities: 1. Topic elicitation

a. T asks Ss the following questions on the recorded passage:

---What is the passage about?

(English is a great language, but it is also a crazy language.)

---Can you give one or two examples to illustrate the messiness of the English language? (see transcript)

----Are you sure of all the idiomatic usages mentioned in the recorded passage?

(some of the more confusing usages are explained here: see Teacher’s book P69)

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b. T may lead in to Text A by saying : As we discover from the previous exercise, an English word may have multiple meanings. Likewise, several different words may be pronounced in the same way. Considered in this perspective, English is really messy. However, according to Text A, this is also a major merit of English. c. Today we will learn some characteristcs of English language and the history the language. While-reading Activities:

1. Title analysis 1.1 Explanation on the title: The Glorious Messiness of English 1.2 Ask Ss find the most important words in the title (glorious, messiness) and guess the style of the text from the four choices: narration, description, exposition and argumentation. 2. Text analysis 2.1

Main idea of the text: Because of its tolerance for outside influences, English has become a great language. 2.2

Cultural notes: History of English, Winston Churchill, Julius Caesar, Viking, Norman, William Caxton, Otto Jespersen , Norse (See Teacher’s book P72-74) 2.3

Structure of the text:

a. Ask Ss to skim Text A and find how many parts can this text be divided and finish the Text Organization (Exercise on page 214) so as to grasp the main function of each part. Peer discussion in English is allowed.

Part one Para 1-3 Massive borrowing from othe languages is a major feature of the English language. Part two

Para 4-16 Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English. Part three

Para 17-19 Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others –

these qualities in the

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English-speaking people explain the richness of their language. b. Ss scan the first sentence of each paragraph in this text to find out where the present tense is switched to the past tense (Para 4) and where the present tense is resumed (Para 17) c. Ss compare their findings with Text Organiazation Exercise 1, and they will see the division of parts coincides with tense changes. 2.4 Writing Style a. Ss look at the title. T introduces the concept of an oxymoron. (see Text Analysis of Teacher’s book)

Rhetorical Device: Oxymoron: An oxymoron puts two contradictory terms together to puzzle the readers, luring them to pause and explore why. 矛盾修饰法是指修饰语和被修饰语之间看来似乎是矛盾，但实则相辅相成。

eg. sour–sweet days苦涩而甜蜜的岁月

creative destruction 创造性的破坏

poor rich men 贫穷的富人

living death 死一般的活着

b.

T guides Ss to find out other figures of speech used in this text and introduce each to them. Metaphor(暗喻是间接地把一物同与其某种相似点的另一物相比较，不用比喻词。): core of English(Para.4), a common parent language(Para.14), the special preserve of grammarians(Para.19), the cultural soil, the first shoots sprang up, grew stronger, build fences around their language(Para.18). Parallelism(排比是用一连串内容相关，结构类似的句子成分或句子来表示强调和一层层的深入。): in the quote from Winston Churchill:“We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender.”

Personification(拟人是把非人的事物当作人来写，把人的特点赋予事物或某种抽象概念，用本来只适用于人的名词，形容词，动词来描写事物，使其具有人的

某种属性。):Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page. Metonymy(转喻也叫换喻，即借用与某物相关或相连的东西代称某物。): The country now had there languages: French for the nobels, Latin for the churches and English for the common people.—“churches”

stands for religius institutions and those who are involved in religious practices. The kettle boils.壶开了.(the kettle=the water in the kettle)

Gray hairs should be respectied.(gray hair=old people)

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2.5

Discourse comprehension a.

Ss scan the first 3 paras to find out the definition of “glorious messiness”. (in Para 3)

b.

Drawing a picture: i.

T draws Ss’ attention to a quotation from R.W. Emerson in the Quotations section---“The English language is the sea…heaven.”

ii.

Ss try to draw a picture of the development of the English language.

The body of English is the sea, while the major influences are the tributaries that flow into it. At each point where a river merges into the sea, note down the time. Along each river, note down the name of the language(s) from which English has borrowed. (refer to Text Organization Ex. 2) iii.

iv.

Some Ss draw their pictures on the blackboard. Then T gives some comments. Ss read Part II to find out how the author organizes the phases of English language development into a coherent piece. (by transitional devices at paragraph heads. See Teacher’s book P71). v.

the history of English language development

Paras.4-9 Paras.10-11 The introduction of the Indo-European language—the parent language of English Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon word—Old English Paras.12 Paras.13 Paras.14 Paras.15 The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin The Vikings from Scandina came with words from Old Norse The Norman Conquest—French influnce The European Renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Latin Greek Paras.16 The American revolution—the emergence of a new variety—American English The Historical Overviews of English Vocabulary The primitive inhabitant: Celts. They spoke Celtic. 55B.C. Julius Caeser led Romans invaded the British Isles and occupied the land until 410. Old English(450-1150) The Anglo-Saxon Period After Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers. Soon they took

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permanent control of the land, which was to be called English.Their language, historically known as Anglo-Saxon, dominated and almost totally blotted out the Celtic. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English. (1) Christianity

The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary.

(2) Invasion

In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many Scandinavian words came into the English language. Old

English has a vocabulary of about 50,000-60,000 words.

Middle English(1150-1500 The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of French words into English. Norman French became the polite speech.

But by the end of the 13th century, English gradually came back. During this period, Britain had trade relations with Holland and, as a result, as many as 2,500 words of Dutch origin found their way into English. Modern English(1500---) (1)

Renaissance Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England. During the Renaissance, enormous numbers of Latin words became part of English vocabulary. (2) Bourgeois Revolution & Industrial Revolution

In the mid-seventeenth century, British tentacles began stretching out to every corner of the globe, thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.

(3) World War II Since the beginning of 20th century, thousands of new words have been created to express new ideas, inventions, and scientific achievements. c. Ss scan the last part, and get the reason why the English is glorious and messiness. d. Language points: 1)massive: large in scale, amount, or degree

e.g. The ancient temple’s massive stone pillars had begun to crumble. 2)snack: a small meal 3)corrupt: a. cause errors to appear in

e.g. These jargons merely corrupt your good English.

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b. cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains

e.g. We believe films of violence would corrupt young people. 4)ban: collocation---ban sth.; ban sb. from sth./doing sth. 5)fascinating: of great interest or attraction 6)tolerance: a. the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you don’t agree or approve of it (followed by of/for) e.g. School teachers have to have a great deal of tolerance in order to deal with difficult children. b. the ability to bear sth. painful or unpleasant (followed by of/for) e.g. Human beings have limited tolerance of noise. 7)to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent: to the degree specified 8)necessity: a. sth. you must have in order to live properly or do sth.

e.g. Water is a basic necessity of life.

b. circumstances that force one to do sth.; (followed by of/for)

e.g. They reached an agreement on the necessity of educational reforms. 9)surrender: give in (followed by to)

10)resemble: be like or similar to

T asks Ss to interpret the following sentence:

我觉得他更像他妈妈一些。

e.g. I’d say he resembles his mother more than his father.

11）descend: come down (from a source), go down (followed by from)

e.g. These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers. 12) drift: move or go somewhere in a slow casual way

e.g. Jimmy spent the year drifting around Europe. 13) pass (sth.) on to (sb.): e.g. The king passed on much of his fortune to the princess. 14) royal: e.g. The royal wedding drew large crowds from across the country. 15) alternative: followed by to

e.g. What was the alternative to going home? 16)enrich: a. make rich or richer

e.g. The development of oil fields enriched many Arabian countries.

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b. improve

e.g. Travel enriches people’s lives.

17)out of control: e.g. The fire was out of control by the time the second fire engine arrived. beyond control (adj./adv.)无法掌控

in control of (prep.) 管理(掌握) in the control of (prep.)被…控制

lose control of (vi.) 无法控制…

under control (adj./adv.)受控于，平静无事

18)put into practice: e.g. Having delayed several times, we must put this plan into practice now. 19)strike out: start being independent

e.g. After working for his father for about ten years, he decided to strike out on his own.

20)That is why English today has estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.(正因为这样，现代英语词汇量据估计要超过一百万，远远超过其他语言。)

注:Why引导的句子为表语从句，在连系动词后，充当复合句中的表语，一般结构为“主语+连系动词+表语从句”，可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。While在从句中作并列连词，引导并列从句，相当于whereas，表示对比，意为“……，而……”；whereas作并列连词，引导并列分句时，有时相当于although（尽管）。far在句中作副词，相当于very much，意为“很，极”。so far在现在时中可意为“到现在为止”。by far意为“……很多，尤其，更，非常”，用于修饰比较级或最高级，表示数量，程度。注意，by far要放在最高级前或带定冠词的比较级前，但要放在不带定冠词的比较级后。

21)That happy tolerance, that willingness to accept words from anywhere, explains the richness of English and why it has become to a very real extent the first truly global language.(这种乐意包容的精神,这种不管源自何处都不拒绝的精神,恰好解释了英语为什么这么丰富,揭示了英语缘何在很大程度上第一个成了真正的国际语言。)

本句的主要结构为That happpy tolerance explains…。explain有两个宾语,一个是the richness of English,另一个是why引导的宾语从句。That willingness to accept words from anywhere是对主语that happy tolerance进一步解释说明。To a very real extent为状语,表程度。

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22)The history of English is present in the first words a child learns about identity; possession; the body; size; and necessities.(英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示身份、所属关系、身体部分、胖瘦、高矮,以及生活必需品的词汇当中。) 注:“a child learns about…and necessities”为定语从句修饰“words”。present(adj．)存在的,到场的。名词形式为presence,反义词为absent。

22)Usually short and direct, these are words we still use today for the things that really matter to us．(我们今天仍然用这些通常简短明了的词来表示对我们真正至关重要的事物。) 注:“usually short and direct”为“words”的修饰语前置,起强调作用。“We still use today for the things”为定语从句修饰“words”,同时“things”又被其后面的定语从句修饰。

23)For example, during World War II, Winston Churchill made this speech, stirring the courage of his people against Hitler’s armies positioned to cross the English Channel…(例如,在第二次世界大战期间,温斯顿·丘吉尔作了如下的演讲来激励国民的勇气以抵抗屯兵英吉利海峡准备渡海作战的希特勒军队…) 注:during World War II在句中作状语,stirring为现在分词,补充说明主语,positioned为过去分词起形容词作用,作为修饰语后置,修饰Hitler’s armies。

24)Churchill could have said, “We shall never give in, but it is one of the lovely and powerful opportunities of English that a writer can mix, for effect, different words from different backgrounds.”(丘吉尔本来可以这么说:“We shall never give in,”但这正是英语迷人之处和活力所在,作家为了加强其效果可以融合来自不同背景的不同词汇。) 注:could have done可用在表示过去情况的虚拟条件句中,表示过去能做而没做的

事,有一种对过去做而没做的事,有一种对过去未付诸实施的事情的惋惜。其他类似的情况请同学们一同记忆:must have done表示对过去行为的推测,具有较大的可能性,意为“一定…,想必…”,should(ought to)have done的肯定式表示应该做而没有做,否定式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。

25)The Celts, who inhabited the land, spoke languages that survive today mainly as Welsh.(当时居住在不列颠的凯而特人,他们使用的那些语言流传下来主要变成了威尔士语。) 注:…who inhabited the land…非限制性定语从句,修饰The Celts。

26)A systematic study revealed that many modern language decended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was writtern down.(系统的研究显示出:许多现代

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语言起源于一种共同的母语体系,由于没有正式的文字记载,该母语已不为人知。) 注:decended from a common parent language和lost to us because nothing was written down都是过去分词做后置定语,分别修饰modern language和common parent language。

27)So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. (由此一些学者认为,他们可能居住在气候寒冷的中北欧某个地区。)

注:“so”表明本句是对上文的结论性推测。“where it was cold”是非限定性定语从句,修饰“Europe”。

28)New words came with the Germantic tribes—the Angles, the Saxons, etc—that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century.(公元5世纪,盎格鲁—萨克逊等一些日耳曼部落穿越北海到不列颠定居,同时他们也为不列颠带来了新词汇。)

注:“that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th

century.”做定语从句修饰“Germantic tribes”;“the Angles, the Saxons, etc.”是“Germantic tribes”的同位语。

29)The Anglo—Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work.(盎格鲁—撒克逊人将他们的农耕词汇留了下来,包括sheep, ox, earth, wood, field和work等。)

注:including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work是分词短语做伴随情况状语。

30)Over there centuries English gradually swallowed French, and by the end of the 15th century what had developed was a modified, greatly enriched language—Middle English—with about 10,000“borrowed”French words.(三百多年后,英语逐渐吞并了法语,到15世纪末,发展成为一种经过改进的,大大丰富了的拥有一万多个“借来”的法语词汇的语言—中古英语。)

注:全句的主干为“English swallowed French and what had developed was a language”。

what had developed 为what引导的名词性从句做主语。Middle English对其前面的language进行解释说明。Over there centuries 和by the end of the 15th century为句子的时间状语。

31)The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great respects of the liberties of each individual and if everybody had not been free to stike out new paths for himself.(如果不是多少世纪以来英国人一向崇尚个人自由,如果不是每个人都能自由地为自己开拓新的道路,英语就不会成为今天的英语。)

注:本句为if引导的非真实条件句,是对过去的一种虚拟。其中if引导的虚拟条件句有两个,“if

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the English had not been for centuries great respects of the liberties of each individual”“if everybody had not been free to stike out new paths for himself”。

“what it is”为

what 引导的名词性从句作主句“The English language would not have been”的表语。stike out意为“创造,开创”。

3. Summary

a. main idea: Because of its tolerance for outside influences, English has become a great language. b. structure of the text. An essay usually can be divided into three parts: an introduction where the topic is elicited; a body part where the topic is explained in detail and a conclusion part where the main idea is repeated. This text have the introduction part (Massive borrowing from othe languages is a major feature of the English language.) and the body part (Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.) and the conclusion(Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others – these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.). c. the figures of speech used in this text.

metaphor, parallelism, personification, metonymy. Post-reading tasks: writing and homework

1. Ask Ss to do some after-text exercises and Ss’ home reading (Text B).

2. Ss do Part IV: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks. 3. T asks Ss to preview the next unit. 4.writing Write an composition entitled One of My Best Classmate within 150 words with direct and indirect discriptive methods.

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III test paper(测试题) 考试时间：

60 分钟

满分：

150 分

Part 1 Fill in the Blanks with the Right Word

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the help of the first letter(s). Use only ONE word to fill in each blank.

1. I would favor a very ＿

increase in the proportion of students taking combined and joint subject degrees where Business Studies are an important element. 2. The document requires ＿

changes. 3. He noted that opponents could use ＿

maneuvers (花招) to delay the bill for as much as a week. 4. He is reluctant to get involved in a ＿

confrontation with the other party. 5. The court has sentenced two Thai men to two years in prison for taking ＿

to help a German criminal escape. 6. I tried to ＿

my brother into disappearing for the afternoon by offering him the use of my car. 7. Rickey's sculptures (雕刻作品) appealed to a wide audience, and he received ＿

from all over the world to create public works. 8. Management ＿

rates vary, but a current average is 20 per cent of the artist's earnings. 9. In a conflict situation, have you ever ＿

badly towards your opponents, intentionally or unintentionally heaping upon them all the blame you could ever think of? 10. He ＿

in a pleasant, friendly manner towards her, and she began to lose her fear of him. Part 2 Fill in the Blanks

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with an appropriate preposition or adverb. Fill in each blank with only ONE word.

11. The doctor stands ＿

what she has said: patients need to be told about the risks associated with the drug. 12. Every day more young people are infected with HIV often completely unaware they have been personally at risk and risky behavior is ＿

the increase again. 13. In theory all arrested persons were supposed to be brought before a judicial (司法的) official within

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twenty-four hours, but ＿

practice more time often elapsed. 14. Newspaper editors have agreed a new code ＿

practice on the invasion of privacy. 15. One assertion which has been made ＿

support of student loans is that a student should be prepared to take a loan in respect of his or her earning capacity as a graduate. 16. Eight people were placed ＿

investigation in France for their links to a radical Spanish leftist group that has carried out bombings and shootings in Spain. 17. The products were supposed to speed ＿

blood flow to make people feel more alert. 18. The three men are accused of stealing hundreds of millions of dollars from the nation's sixth-largest cable company, causing losses to stockholders amounting ＿

more than $ 60 billion. 19. Caught ＿

the midst of a legal case, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission on Wednesday delayed approving a three-year spending plan for $9 billion in Bay Area highway. 20. I am afraid another program error has cropped ＿

so the printout won't be ready till tomorrow. Part 3 Replacement

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with expressions or phrases using the key word(s) supplied in the brackets. Please take care to use the right form and keep the original meaning.

21. The electronic version of this dictionary is also available. (form n.)

Replacement:

22. The company was in the process of being investigated for possible violations of U.S. business laws. (investigation)

Replacement:

23. It is reported that the amount of violence encountered by the police is increasing. (increase n.)

Replacement:

24. His family can be trusted to be loyal to him through his struggle. (stand)

Replacement:

25. Some people find it is difficult to recognize the difference between commissions paid for real services and exaggerated fees that really amount to bribes. (distinguish)

Replacement:

26. Companies that violate this law can find themselves suffering the bad effects of big law suits. (wrong end)

Replacement:

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27. A Panamanian-registered freighter (货船) encountered a tropical storm and ran aground off the southwestern coast of Japan, killing four crew members. (catch)

Replacement:

28. How can you make your theory consistent with the facts? (square)

Replacement:

29. About 20 out of 100 South Koreans have the opportunity to enjoy high-speed Internet services, which is the world highest penetration rate. (access)

Replacement:

30. I can't remember how many times she has been late for work this month. (count)

Replacement:

Part 4 Cloze (With No Choices Provided)

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Fill in each of the following blanks with one word. In each case, use the exact word that appears in your textbook.

Questions 31 to 40 are based on the same passage or dialog. The second category covers payments 31. to obtain quicker official 32. of some project, to 33. up the wheels of government. An interesting example of this kind of 34. is provided by the story of a sales manager who had been trying for some months to 35. road machinery to the Minister of Works of a Caribbean country. Finally, he hit 36. the answer. Discovering that the minister 37. rare books, he bought a rare edition of a book, slipped $20,000 within its pages, then presented it to the minister. This man examined its contents, then said: "I understand there is a two-volume 38. of this work." The sales manager, who was quick-witted, replied: "My company cannot 39. a two-volume edition, sir, but we could offer you a copy with a preface!" A short time later, the deal was 40. Part 5 Cloze (With Four Choices Provided)

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Read the following passage(s) carefully and choose the correct one from the four choices given to fill in each blank.

Questions 41 to 60 are based on the following passage. Questionable payments can be 41. into three classes. The first is 42. of money paid over to 43. political objectives or 44. to obtain a contract. The political aims can 45. providing the money to overthrow a foreign

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government 46. something as 47.as being required to donate to a political 48. The second class of payments try to make the 49. of government run faster and 50.receive a quick official 51.. The third class 52.giving money in countries with a tradition of paying 53.to ensure a satisfactory business 54.. To combat these problems the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is 55.a code of conduct prohibiting bribes. 56.an unfortunate difficulty is that opinions 57.among members of the ICC. While the British members 58.the code to have the force of law the French 59.the code should merely provide guidelines 60.what is ethically acceptable. Part 6 Translation from Chinese to English

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Translate the following sentences from Chinese to English.

61. 大学校园里形形色色的作弊越来越多，我已不记得这学期有多少学生被捉住了。

62. 新规则明确规定，在紧急情况下可调集军队来维持法律和秩序。

63. 我突然发现了一个可疑的情况：他的名字多次出现在报告的后半部分。

64. 这个公司的员工定期给贫困地区的儿童捐赠图书和衣物。

65. 尽管他说他已经找到了答案，但我还是怀疑他的工作是否能达到要求。

66. 整天只是空想是没有用的，你应该把梦想和现实结合起来。

67. 即使是最便宜的车也相当于一个政府工作人员70年的工资。

68. 随着警察们遇到的暴力事件越来越多，他们不得不用枪支来武装自己。

69. 他们通常没意识到,在很多国家，形形色色的贿赂行为正在日益增多。

70. 早些时候，一家英国汽车制造商被指控动用资金行贿。

Part 7 Translation from English to Chinese

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. 71. The company rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn. 72. For example, one U. S. corporation offered a large sum of money in support of a U.S presidential candidate at a time when the company was under investigation for possible violations of U. S. business laws. 73. In this category, we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms sales or major petroleum or construction contracts. 74. Discovering that the minister collected rare books, he bought a rare edition of a book, slipped $20,000 within its pages, then presented it to the minister. 75. Is it possible to devise a code of rules for companies that would prohibit bribery in all its forms?

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76. An interesting example of this kind of payment is provided by the story of a sales manager who had been trying for some months to sell road machinery to the Minister of Works of a Caribbean country. 77. The British members would like the system to have enough legal power to make companies behave themselves. 78. However, the French delegates think it is the business of governments to make and impose law; the job of a business community like the ICC is to say what is right and wrong, but not to impose anything. 79. By announcing this, it joined more than 300 other U. S. companies that had admitted to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made payments of one kind or another --- bribes, extra discounts, etc. --- in recent years. 80. I am afraid we killed many an innocent person carrying nothing more lethal than a stick. Part 8 Vocabulary and Structure

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Choose the best one to complete each sentence.

81. By the time you get to New York, I _______for London. A. would be leaving B. have already left C. am leaving D. shall have left 82. The article suggests that when a person _______ under unusual stress he should be especially careful to have a well-balanced diet. A. is B. be C. were D. was 83. The lawyer advised him to drop the ________, since he stands little chance of winning. A. event B. case C. incident D. affair 84. Sometimes children have trouble ________ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually

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exist. A. to separate B. for separating C. separating D. of separating 85. He is quite sure that it's ________ impossible for him to fulfill the task within two days. A. absolutely B. fully C. exclusively D. roughly 86. There was a big hole in the road which ________ the traffic. A. set back B. held up C. stood back D. kept down 87. Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee _______ to investigate the incident. A. were set up B. be set up C. was set up D. set up 88. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play ________ roles in raising children. A. incapable B. insensible C. indispensable D. infinite 89. Eye contact is important because incorrect contact may create a communication ________. A. tragedy B. question C. vacuum D. barrier

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90. There was such a long line at the exhibition ________ we had to wait for about half an hour. A. as B. so C. that D. since Part 9 Short Answer Questions

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Read the following passage(s) carefully and give brief answers to the questions.

Questions 91 to 95 are based on the following passage. For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision. Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, "Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) we couldn't afford." With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters (临时照看小孩的), transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.

Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.

There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.

From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn't mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. I regret my impatience to get on with my career. I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl's eyes. (271 words)

91. Which word in the first two paragraphs best explains why many women have to work?

92. Why did Marge and her husband think it an extravagance for Marge to go back to work?

93. What are the two major considerations in deciding whether women should go out to work? 94. Why some women would rather do housework and take care of their children than pursue a career? 95. If given a second chance, what did the writer would probably choose to do?

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Part 10 Reading Comprehension

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Read the following passage(s) carefully and do the multiple-choice questions. Questions 96 to 100 are based on the same passage or dialog. Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.

The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.

Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.

When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car's movements.

The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. (291 words)

96. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be________. A. its power source B. its monitoring system C. its driving system D. its seating capacity 97. What is the author's main concern? A. How to render automobiles pollution-free. B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles.

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C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams. D. How to develop an automated subway system. 98. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system? A. A rail. B. A retractable arm. C. An engine. D. A computer controller. 99. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _______. A. keep in the right lane B. wait to arrive at his destination C. keep in constant touch with the computer center D. inform the system of his destination by phone 100. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos? A. Enthusiastic. B. Optimistic. C. Pessimistic. D. Cautious. Questions 101 to 105 are based on the same passage or dialog. Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.

Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.

People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.

It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt

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saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox's smell, which the dogs follow.

Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit (追逐) of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain. (317 words)

101. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________. A. for recreation B. to limit the fox population C. in the interests of the farmers D. to show of their wealth 102. What is special about fox hunting in Britain? A. It involves the use of a deadly poison. B. It is a costly event which rarely occurs. C. The hunters have set rules to follow. D. The hunters have to go through strict training. 103. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game________. A. by resorting to violence B. by taking legal action C. by confusing the fox hunters D. by demonstrating on the scene 104. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to________. A. prohibit farmers from hunting foxes B. forbid hunting foxes with dogs C. stop hunting wild animals in the countryside D. prevent large-scale fox hunting 105. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. killing foxes with poison is illegal B. limiting the fox population is unnecessary

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C. hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent D. fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich Questions 106 to 110 are based on the same passage or dialog. Despite laws designed to keep cigarettes away from kids, 34 percent of U.S. high school students and 15 percent of middle school students use tobacco products, government health officials say.

Although the statistics show the number of teens using tobacco has started to decline from record highs in 1997, experts say the numbers are still disturbing given that nearly 90 percent of adult smokers began using tobacco at or before the age of 18.

"We want to emphasize, while cigarettes are the most lethal form of tobacco, adolescents (青少年) are using many forms of tobacco, and potentially becoming addicted (成瘾) to nicotine (尼古丁) from many sources," said Terry Pechacek, head of the survey team and associate director for science with the CDC Office on Smoking and Health.

According to the survey, most middle and high school smokers get their tobacco at gas stations and convenience stores. While the legal age to buy tobacco is 18 throughout most of the United States, the survey shows current laws to be ineffective. Approximately 69 percent of middle school students and 58 percent of high school students reported they were not asked for proof of age when purchasing cigarettes.

Although the tobacco industry has altered its advertising, ads still lure teens into buying tobacco products, Pechacek said.

"Tobacco companies voluntarily stopped outdoor billboards, but have taken these advertising dollars and put them into local convenience stores," he said.

The study also found one of the "major predictors" of tobacco use to be whether teens spend time with other people who smoke. In the week before the survey, half of the nonsmokers were in a room with someone smoking, and approximately 70 percent of middle school students and 57 percent of high school students who smoke live in a home with a smoker.

Experts believe that more education about tobacco in schools could counteract (对抗) the bad influences these students face at home. (314 words)

106. Figures provided in the fourth paragraph indicate that ________. A. most kids between the ages of 12 and 17 are using tobacco products B. there are more teens using tobacco since 1997 C. smokers tend to begin smoking when they were very young

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D. laws are designed to keep cigarettes away from kids before the age of 18 107. According to Terry Pechacek, teenagers using tobacco ________. A. are likely to take drugs B. like using cigarettes C. tend to quit smoking after age of 18 D. like trying different forms of tobacco 108. Most teenage smokers buy tobacco at gas stations and convenience stores, because ________. A. cigarettes there are cheaper than those at any other place B. people there usually don't ask them to prove they have reached legal age C. there are more types of cigarettes there than other places D. people there put up cigarettes advertisements on the wall 109. The word 'lure' in Paragraph 5 most probably means '________'. A. tempt B. persuade C. force D. talk 110. According to what Pechacek said, which of the following factors may NOT influence teenagers' using tobacco products? A. Advertisement. B. Family. C. School education. D. Government. Questions 111 to 115 are based on the same passage or dialog. It seems like science fiction, but it's already a reality: milk from cloned cows, and it's coming to a grocery store near you unless the federal government decides to intervene (干涉).

An experimental dairy farm in Wisconsin is producing some of the world's first milk from a herd of 21 cloned cows, 17 of them from the same original animal, all genetically identical. Infigen, the biotech company that runs the farm, says its cows are normal and healthy, the milk looks and tastes just like any other. The lack of any completed scientific study on the milk's safety doesn't stop Infigen's president, Michael Bishop, from pouring himself a glass. "It's delicious," he said.

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To date there is nothing to stop him. The Food and Drug Administration has asked biotech companies to voluntarily refrain (抑制) from selling animal products derived from clones, but there are no laws in place. The FDA is waiting for the National Academy of Sciences to complete a review of the safety of cloned animal products. The report is expected sometime in January.

Infigen has agreed to wait until the federal report comes out before marketing its milk, but it's mostly a public relations move. Bishop has learned from the widespread public mistrust of genetically engineered foods.

Cloned animals are not considered genetically engineered (their DNA has not been modified in any way, simply copied), and Infigen wants to make sure the public understands the distinction. "We have to be diligent (勤勉的) in getting in front of consumer groups. We need to put together the data, go out and tell them about this."

Groups that monitor genetically engineered foods say they are also concerned about cloned animal products, only because we know so little about their safety.

"We don't know what the genetic ramifications (支流) would be and how it would play out with products from the animals," said Joe Mendelson, legal director for the Washington-based Center for Food Safety. (319 words)

111. Which of the following is NOT a feature of cloned cows? A. They are of the same origin. B. They have entirely the same genes. C. They are genetically identical. D. They produce milk. 112. When can the milk from cloned cows be sold at grocery stores? A. When the federal government stops intervening. B. After the cows prove normal and healthy. C. When the milk proves to be safe to drink. D. After Infigen's president drinks the milk himself. 113. Why can't FAD stop Infigen from selling its milk? A. Because there's no law to prohibit it from selling the milk. B. Because the National Academy of Sciences can prove the safety of cloned animal products. C. Because most people like the milk from cloned cows. D. Because Infigen can show their consumers that its milk is normal. 114. The term 'genetically engineered' most probably means ________.

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A. The DNA has been modified B. The DNA has become irregular C. The DNA has been copied D. the DNA has become abnormal 115. From this passage, we can draw the conclusion that the major problem of cloned animal products is that of its ________. A. regularity B. safety C. normality D. popularity Part 11 Paragraph Writing

(Each item: 1)

Directions:Write a short paragraph in no less than 150 words on one of the topics given below and according to the structure you have learned. A short composition with the structure of LISTING supported by examples. 116. Three broad categories of bribery 答案

Part 1 Fill in the Blanks with the Right Word

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：10 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

1.sub substantial

2. sub substantial 3.pro procedural

4. pro procedural 5.b bribes

6.b bribe 7. com commissions

8.com commission 9. be behaved

10.be behaved Part 2 Fill in the Blanks

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：10 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

11. by

12. on

13. in

14. of

15. in 16. under

17. up

18. to

19. in

20. up Part 3 Replacement

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：10 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

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21. The dictionary in electronic form 22. under investigation 23. on the increase. 24. stand by 25. distinguish between 26. on the wrong end 27. was caught in 28. square 29. have access to 30. have lost count of Part 4 Cloze (With No Choices Provided)

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：10 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

31. made

32. approval

33. speed

34. payment

35. sell 36. upon

37. collected

38. edition

39. afford

40. approved Part 5 Cloze (With Four Choices Provided)

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：20 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

41.separated

42.sums

43.achieve

44.simply

45.vary from 46.to

47.simple

48.party

49.wheels

50.hence 51.approval

52.involves

53.officials

54.deal

55.in favor of 56.However

57.differ

58.prefer

59.feel

60.as to Part 6 Translation from Chinese to English

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：10 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

61.Cheating in various forms is on the increase in colleges and universities, and I have lost count of the number of students who were caught cheating in this semester. 62.The new regulation makes it clear that the military can be brought in to maintain law and order in an emergency. 63.I suddenly found something questionable: his name cropped up several times in the second half of the report. 64.Employees in this company make regular donations of books and clothing to the children living in poor areas.

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65.Although he said he had hit upon the answer, I still doubt whether his work will really be up to scratch. 66.There is no point in only daydreaming every day; you should square your dreams with reality. 67.Even the cheapest car costs the equivalent of 70 years’

salary for a government worker. 68.The police are forced to be armed with guns as the amount of violence encountered by them has grown. 69.They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries. 70.Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes. Part 7 Translation from English to Chinese

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：10 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

71.这家公司否认了这些指控，后来也就撤诉了。

72.比如，有一家美国企业曾因可能触犯美国商业法规而正受调查，此时它捐出一大笔款项支持一位总统候选人。

73.这一大类也包括为得到武器销售或重大的石油、建筑等项目合同而向权势家庭及其身边顾问所付出的大笔款项。

74.了解到部长收藏珍本书，他买了一本书的珍藏版，在书里夹上两万美元，将其送给部长。

75.是否有可能设计一套公司法规准则防止各种类型的贿赂呢？

76.有个故事是说明这类支出的有趣例子：有个销售经理几个月来一直试图向加勒比地区一个国家的建工部长推销道路工程机械。

77.英国委员们希望这一体系有充分的法律效应以使公司规范行事。

78.而法国代表认为制定、实施法律是政府的事；像国际商会这样的商业团体该做的是表明孰对孰错，而非强制实行什么。

79.这一公开，使其与其他三百多家美国公司一样，向美国证券交易委员会承认自己近年曾有过这样那样的支出，像贿赂、额外打折等等。

80.恐怕被我们打死的不少是无辜的人，他们手中的武器也只不过是不足以致命的棍子而已。

Part 8 Vocabulary and Structure

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：10 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

81.D

82. A

83.B

84.C

85.A 86.B

87.B

88.C

89.D

90.C Part 9 Short Answer Questions

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：5 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

91.Survive/Economics/Money.

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92.Because they might end up with less money. 93.Economic factors and emotional needs. 94.Because they feel that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction. 95.He would stay at home. Part 10 Reading Comprehension

(每小题: 1 分;

满分：20 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

96.B

97.C

98.A

99.D

100. B

101. A

102. C

103. C

104. B

105. C

106. C

107. D

108. B

109. A

110. D

111. A

112. C

113. A

114. A

115. B Part 11 Paragraph Writing

(每小题: 35 分;

满分：35 分)

(In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False.)

116.

IV. references主要参考书目：

李荫华，王德明，2002，《全新版大学英语综合教程2－学生用书》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。季佩英，吴晓真，2002，《全新版大学英语综合教程2－教师用书》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。柯彦玢，张砚秋，2002，《全新版大学英语阅读教程2－教师用书》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。

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