Learning about Language课堂实录

Unit 3 Computers Language points

Spelling

1.operator___________(vi)

2,simplify_________(adj) 3, logical_________ (adv)

4,technology__________ (adj) 5, intelligent___________(n)

6,real_________ (n) 7,personal__________

(adv)

8,finance__________(adj) 9,explore__________

(n)

10,solve _____________(n) 重点词汇

1.common 常见的；寻常的；普通的；非特异的；共同的；公共的；低俗的

常用短语：have something ( nothing / little ) in common with …和……有（没有）共同点

in common with …和……一起；像……一样

common sense

常理；情理

，常识

common interests

公共利益

in

common :

共同的；

共有的

the land owned in common by the residents 居民共有的土地

In common 常常同have连用，如：

have nothing in common无共同之处

have little in common几乎无共同之处

have something in common

有一些共同之处

have a lot in common有许多共同之处

common/ordinary/usual/general/average/universal/normal common含有经常发生或经常见到的事情，又指普通事物，但并不含有多数的意思，可用于平常的意思，常用于习惯，经验，生活，意见。

ordinary意为“平常的”“普通的”“一般的”，是依照一般标准来判断，含有平淡无奇的意味。

usual“平常的”“通常的”，强调习惯性，符合规章制度的或一贯如此的。

general指“普通的，一般的”与particular相对；

average作“普通的”讲时，强调“一般水平”；universal指“普通的”时意为“全然，没有例外”。

normal指正常的，规范的。

(1)In ________，the northerners are keen on dumplings. (2)He was asked the ________ questions by the police. (3)Smith is a very ________ name in English. (4)His novel describes the ________ people. (5)The doctor said the child’s temperature was ________.

(6)He is a boy of ________ intelligence. (7)You know，Dorothy，you and I have ______ ______ ______ ______(有一点是相同的)．

(8)We just had ________ ________ ________(一点共同点都没有) and I couldn’t communicate with his dull friends. (9)I suddenly felt we had __ ___ ____ ________(有许多相似之处) (10)They can treat most of the ________ ________(常见病)．

2.calculate

v.计算；打算；推测

Mary always calculates the cost of goods before she buys them. 玛丽总是在买东西之前先估算好价钱。

calculate on/upon指望；打算

It is calculated that...据估算……

be calculated to do打算做；故意做

be calculated for适合于

李先生估计他要花三个小时才能到达深圳。

Mr.Li calculated that it would take him three hours to get to Shenzhen. 昨天我说的话不是有意伤害你的。What I said yesterday was not calculated to hurt you. （1）这些广告旨在吸引年轻的单身消费者。

The advertisements

attract young single consumers. （2）据估算，去年至少丧失了47 000个工作。

at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year. 3. universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的

universal rules

一般的原则

Humor is a universal language. Climate change is a universal problem. universe n. 宇宙; 万有; 世界; 全人类

Our world is but a small part of the universe.

我们的世界只是宇宙的一小部分。

4. sum n. 总数，算术题，金额

in sum 总而言之

总而言之，理论要与实践联系起来。

In sum, theory should be combined with practice.

a sum of一笔

你将被罚一笔钱。

You will be fined a sum of money. 5. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。

“It takes /will be+一段时间+before从句”是一个固定句型,意为“

多久才

”。

before用于这类句型时的结构还有：

①It didn’t take/was long (或一段时间) before...过了不久（一段时间）就……

②It will take/be long (或一段时间) before...要过很久（一段时间）才……

③It won’t take/be long (或一段时间) before...不久（一段时间后）就会……

----It was 5 minutes before someone

answered the bell.过了五分钟才有人给我开门。

---It will be five years before we meet again.五年之后我们才能见面。

--We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。

--Please write it down before you forget it.趁你还没有忘，把它记下来。

He was told that it would be at least three months _______ he could recover and return to work. A. When

B. before

C. since D. that

I’m sorry you have been waiting so long , but it’ll still be some time ______ Brain gets back.

A before

B. since C.

till D. after It ________ long before we ___ the result of the experiment.（02 上海）

A will not be

;

will know

B is ; will know

C will not be

;

know

D is ; know 6. analytical

adj.分析的

源词语

analyze(美) analyse(英)vt.分析; 分解; 解释; 对…进行心理分析;

让我们分析一下这道题，看什么地方出错了

Let's analyze the problem and see what went wrong.

analysis （复数：analyses）n.分析，分解; 梗概，要略; [数]解析; 验定; 我以形势分析开始了我的演说。My speech started with the situation analysis.

in the final/last analysis 总之，归根到底，说到底，结果，毕竟

7. logical adj. 合逻辑的；合清理的

a logical thinker 思想有逻辑性的人

a logical process 合理的程序

logically adv. 逻辑上；

有条理地

He acted logically under the circumstances.在这种情况下他做事仍然很理智。

Logically, the decision is obvious. 从逻辑上，这项决定是明显的。

8. technology technique (n.)

technologist (person)

technical (adj.)技术的

technological (adj.) 1) This company is in great need of many ____________.

2) To build this machine, you must have ________ability.

3) Do you know the knowledge of agricultural _________. 9. artificial

adj. 人造的; 假的

artificial flowers / limbs / pearls

假花

/ 假肢

/ 假珍珠

artificial intelligence 人工智能

10. intelligence

n.(u) 智力；聪明

intelligence quotient 智商

an intelligence test 智力测验

an intelligence agent 情报员; 谍报员

intelligent adj. 智能的；聪明的

an intelligent reader 理解力强的读者

an intelligent being 有智力的动物

intelligent reply 巧妙的答复

He is an intelligent person.他是一位有才智的人。

11. solve vt. 解决；解答

1) I can’t solve the problem. 我解答不了这个难题。

2) Help me to solve my financial troubles.请帮我解决经济困难.

3) The greatest scholar cannot solve this difficult problem.

再伟大的学者也没有办法解答这个难题吧。

solution

n

解决方法

We must find the solution to the problem. 12. As time went by, I was made smaller.随着岁月的流逝，我被做得越来越小了。

①As we get older our eyesight become worse.随着年龄的增长，我们的视力会变差。

②

，I felt more and more nervous.随着天色越来越暗，我变得越来越紧张。

as，with二者都有“随着”之意，但用法不同。

(1)as是连词，引导时间状语从句。

(2)with是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。

①

the wealth of the country increasing，more waste will be produced. ②

time went on，Einstein's theory proved to be correct.

doing

主动

进行

done

被动

完成

with+ n./pron.

to

do

未做

adj / adv /介词短语

As time went by, I was made smaller. With time going by, I was made smaller. With your homework_______, you can go out

and play.作业做完了，你就可以出去玩儿。

With a lot of homework______, you have to stay at home.有许多作业要做，你不得不呆在家。

1）The murderer was brought in, with his hands＿＿＿behind his back.

A. being tied

B. having tied C. to be tied

D. tied

2）07安徽John received an invitation to dinner and with his work _____ , he gladly accepted it . A finished

B finishing

C having finishing

D was finished 3) _______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. With

B. Besides

C. As

D. Because of 4)They got there without any difficulty with the boy _______ the way . A leading

B led

C to be led

D lead with+ n./pron. + adj / adv /介词短语

----He came in, with a book

__________. ----He slept, with the light

_____. ----He was lying there, with his eyes

____. go by

①(时间)过去，逝去

As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse. ②从……经过

Did you see a boy go by on a bicycle? (1)

As time________, she became more and more anxious about her son's safety.

A. passing

B. going by

C. passed

D. goes by (2)With the time________, our anxiety grew. A. goes by

B. going by

C. has gone by

D. had gone by (3)Three months__________ before we knew it. A. passed by

B. went

C. went by

D. past 13. store

n. 商店;贮存;大量;零售商店

vt.& vi. 储藏，存放

人们在地下室储藏粮食。People store foods at basement. 14.As a result , I totally

changed my shape.

因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。

as a result

结果

as a result of 由于……的结果

result from 因……而起

result in 导致( lead to) Practice：由于大雨的原因，他们到晚了. ___________the heavy rain, they arrived late . It was raining,_________, they arrived late. The heavy rain _________their late arrival. Their late arrival ___________the heavy rain. 15．total adj. 完全的；总的

vt.总计

n．合计

totally adv. 完全地；整个地

I'm afraid that the performance was not a total success. 在我看来，这次演出恐怕不能算是完全成功。

We have debts totaling 5,000 dollars.我们的债务总计为五千美元。

If you add 30 to 45 the total is 75.0加45是75。

词组：a total of

总共……

in total

/in all

总共

,加起来

in total

总共；总计

total up

把……相加起来

total up to

合计是；总计是

There were probably about 40 people there ________.那里总共可能有40人。

At the end of the game _______ everyone's score to see who has won.

在游戏结束时，把每个人的总分加起来，看看是谁赢了。

16. My memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it! so......that......“如此.....以至于......”, that引导结果状语从句

She is so lovely a girl that everyone likes her. = She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her. so+adj+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句

= such+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+that从句

观察

There

are

so

many

cars

on

the

street

that

I

could’t

get

through.

so+ many／few+可数名词复数+that-clause

We

have

so

little

money

that

we

can’t

buy

a

car.

Students

have

so

much

homework

to

do

that

they

spend

little

time

playing.

so+ much／little+不可数名词+that-clause

These

are

such

interesting

books

that

I

want

to

read

them

again.

such+ (adj.)+可数名词复数+that-clause

It

was

such

bad

weather

that

I

had

to

stay

at

home.

such+ (adj.)+不可数名词+that-clause Ps: So… that

句型中, so+ adj/adv 位于句首时，主句借助be(am, is, are, was were) 助动词(does, do, did), has/have/had ,以及情态动词实现部分

倒装, that 后的从句不倒装。

他们是如此聪明的机器人，能够解决困难问题。

They are so intelligent robots that they can solve difficult problems.

So intelligent robots are they that they can solve difficult problems. 1，It is _______ fine weather that we all want to go out . 2，______ great progress did he make that the teacher praised him. 3, _________ difficult did I feel it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English.

1. Sorry, you speak ______ quickly ______ I can’t follow you.

A. too; to

B. so; that

C. as; to

D. very ; so 2.Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be ---_____ many poor people?

A. such; such

B. such; so

C. so; so

D. so; such 3,She told us _______ story that we all forget the time. A. such an interesting

B. such interesting a

C. so an interesting

D. a so interesting

4,He has ___ few friends that he often feels _____. A .such; lonely

B. such ; aloneC. so; lonely

D. so; alone 17. application 1. 应用,适用;运用[U][C][(+of/to)] Biology has practical applications.生物学有实用性。

2. 申请,请求;申请书[C][U][(+to/for)] 我申请一笔贷款。I made an application for a loan. 3. 施用,敷用搽剂[U][C] The application of varnish made the desk shine.上了清漆桌子发亮了。

4. 用功,专心[U][(+to)] application to one's work

专心工作

用法一：apply表示“应用”、“运用”、“适用”等，注意以下用法：

①表示“应用”、“运用”等，通常为及物动词；要表示“将...运用到...”，通常用介词

to：

We decided to apply a new method. 我们决定使用新方法。

In this way we can better apply theory to practice.

这样我们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。

②表示“适用”，通常为不及物动词；要表示“适用于...”，通常用介词

to(不能用

for)：

The rule doesn't apply in all cases.

此规则并非适用于所有的情形。

The book does not apply to beginners.

这书不适合于初学者。

These methods apply to learning English. 这些方法适用于英语学习。

用法二

apply表示“申请”，注意以下用法：

①可用及物或不及物动词，表示“申请得到...”，要用介词

for；表示“申请做某事”，其后接不定式：

You may apply in person or by letter.

你亲自或通过书信申请均可。

More than 30 people applied for the position. 有30多个人申请这个职位。

He applied to stay there. 他申请留在那儿。

去年他申请入党。

Last year he applied to join the Party.

Last year he applied for membership in the Party.

②表示“向...申请(得到)...”，通常用

apply to...for...：

他向我们求援。

He applied to us for help.

他们向政府申请经济援助。

They applied to the government for financial help.

用法三

apply用于短语

apply oneself to (专心致力于，专心从事)，其中的

to 是介词，其后接名词或动名词：

他专心工作。

He applied himself to his work.

有时用apply one’s mind to：

Apply your mind to your work.

专心工作吧。

apply的派生词

①applicable adj. 适用于：

这条规则不适用于外国人。

This rule is not applicable to foreigners.

②applicant n. 申请者(可数)：

有三个人申请这项工作。

There are three applicants for the job.

18. Anyhow , my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. anyhow

adv. 无论如何，不管怎样，反正；尽管如此

，(anyway)

① Anyhow I don't believe it can be done. 无论如何我也不相信这事能办成。

②Anyhow, I'll see you tonight. 无论如何，今天晚上我要见你。

③I couldn't think of the name of that man anyhow. 我怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。

goal (n) [c] ①He has achieved his goal.

目标，目的

②That last goal was a beauty.

进球

③That’s the twentieth goal he’s kicked this season.

（进球）得分

provide(vt) 提供

Provide means supply .

Provide

sb _________ sth

Provide sth _________ sb

1) This hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service ______ guests. 2)A project

designed to provide young people ______

work. —Excuse me, could you tell me the way to

the British Museum?

—Sorry, I’m a stranger here.

—

.

A. Thanks anyway

B. It doesn’t matter

C. Never mind

D. No problem

解析

A.不管怎样，还是要谢谢你。

B.没关系。

C.不要紧；不用担心。D.没问题。

2）I might fail, but

I insist on doing

it, I don’t mind.

A. however

B. anyhow

C. yet

D. meanwhile 3) I'm not sure what time I'll arrive, maybe half past seven or a quarter to eight. _______, I'll be there as early as possible. A. Anyhow

B. However

C. Thus

D. Therefore 1,______more and more forests destroyed ,some animals are forcing the danger of dying out . A. As

B. With

C. Through

D. For 2,_____ house price up all the time , the complains can be

heard everywhere . A. As

B. With

C. Through

D. For 3.Several

weeks

had

gone

by_____

I

realized

the

painting

was

missing.

A.

as

B.

before

C.

since

D.

when

4,

Scientists

say

it

may

be

five

or

six

years

_____

it

is

possible

to

test

this

medicine

on

human

patients.

A.

since

B.

after

C.

before

D.

when

5,--Did Jack come back early last night? --Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ______he arrived home.

A

before

B. when

C. that

D.until

6, With drink and food ____, the prisoner had to walk out of the cave where he was hiding.

A run out

B run out of

C use up

D using up 7,I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_____.(NMET2005)

A going on

B goes

on C went on

D to go on 8, ____ the day went on , the weather get worse. A. With

B. Since

C. While

D. As 9, This book is written in ___ easy an English

_____ beginners can understand it . A. such , that

B. so, that

C. rather, that

D. fairly

,that

10 ,_____rapid progress has he made that we all admire him. A. Very

B. So

C. Such

D. Too

11,

Nancy enjoyed herself so much ____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.

A. that

B. which.

C. when

D. where

12 ____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. So curious the couple was

B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were

D. The couple was such curious

13.I have not seen Ann for ______ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.

A such

B

very

C so

D too 14, --How long do you think it will be __ china sends a manned spaceship to the moon ? ---Perhaps two or three years . A when

B until

C that

D before

15, It is impossible for so ____ workers to do so _____ work in a single day . A. few

much

B. few

many

C. little

much

D. little many

16,There is______ much work to do and he was______ worried about finishing it in time that he was quite nervous all day long.

A. so; so

B. such; such

C. so; such

D. such; so 17, It was______ that we went camping in the mountains. A. such nice weather

B. such a nice weather C. so nice a weather

D. too nice weather 18, _______ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent. A. So clever are the construction robots B. So clever the construction robots are C. Such construction robots are clever D. Such clever construction robots are 19, So large___________ that I couldn't believe it. A.

did my memory become

B. my memory became C. my memory did become

D. became my memory 20, It was

a pity that the great writer died

_______ his works unfinished. A for

B

from C of

D with

1, By the 1940s I have grown as large as a room. 2, With time went by ,I was made smaller . 3, I had been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 4. As a result I total changed my shape. 5, I was able to share my knowledges with others through the World Wide Web. 6, I have also been put into robots and used to making mobile phones as well as help with medical operation.

7, I wondered if I would grow any larger. 8, However , this reality worried about my designers.