Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehendingppt课件配套教案内容

Keeping Cup Flowers

While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house，few people know how to keep them for as long as possible.This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature.For example，studies have shown that cut carnations(康乃馨) retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12 ℃ than when kept at 26℃.Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care. Flowers can't live very long by nature.Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees.After that，they quickly dry up and die.The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, called respiration，generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color.The making of seeds also depends on this energy.While all living things respire，flowers have a high level of respiration.A result of all this respiration is heat，and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high.Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower.Thus the greater the level of respiration，the sooner the flower dies. How，then，to control the rate at which flowers die？By controlling respiration.How is respiration controlled？By controlling temperature.We know that respiration produces heat，but the reverse is also true.Thus by maintaining low temperatures，respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly. Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed.Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted.Even when water looks and smells clean，it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers.To rid the water of these unwanted substances，household chlorine bleach (含氯漂白剂) can be used in small

quantities.It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 4% solution) be added to each litre of water.The water and solution should also be replaced each day.

True (T) or False (F)：

1．The key to prolonging the life of cut flowers fresh is to keep newly picked flowers at the right temperature.(

) 2．The underlined word “respiration” in paragraph three probably means breathing.(

) 3．Flower respiration gives the flower its shape and color.(

) 4．The cleaner the water looks and smells，the better.(

) 答案：1.T

2.T

3.F

4.F

Section_Ⅰ

_Warming_Up_&_Reading

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．pollinatevt.对……授粉→pollinationn．授粉→pollinatorn. 虫媒

2．exoticadj.异国情调的；外来的；奇异的→exotican．奇异事物，新奇事物

3．distantadj.远的，远处的→distancen．距离，间距；远方；远处

4．conflictn．斗争；冲突→conflictingadj.相反的

5．endeavourn．尽力；竭力

6．anchorn．锚

vi.抛锚，锚定

7．tightadj.紧的，紧密的→tightlyadv.紧紧地；坚固地

8．containern．容器→containv．包含，容纳，装盛

9．restrictionn．限制，约束→restrictv．限制→restrictedadj.有限的

10．fluencyn．流利，流畅→fluentadj.流利的→fluentlyadv.流利地

11．shavevt. &vi.剃；刮

n．刮脸，刮胡子，修面→shavern. 剃须刀

12.thunderstormn．雷雨，雷暴

13．piraten．海盗v.剽窃，盗用

14．appealn．恳求；呼吁

vi.(对某人)有吸引力→appealing有吸引力的，有趣的

15．botanistn. 植物学家→botanyn. 植物学→botanicaladj. 植物学的

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

1．adapt to

2．date back to 3．on a large scale

4．take interest in 5．set up 6．come across 7．quantities of 8．appeal to 9．a vast variety of Ⅲ.常用句型必备

适应于

追溯到；远在……年代

大规模地

对……感兴趣

资助；(使)开始从事某种职业

遇到；碰见

大量的

(对……)有吸引力；呼吁

大量的，各种各样的

1．Collecting_“exotic”_plants，as_they_are_called，dates back to the earliest times. 2．However，it_was_not_until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. 3．Cook called the bay where the Endeavour had anchored Botany bay. 4．Not_only_did_Fortune_introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but_he_also_shipped 20,000 tea plants... Ⅳ.课文大意理解

1．Which one of the following is the topic of Paragraph 1? A．When plant collecting began. B．When and where plant collecting began on a large scale. C．Wardian case. D．Problem of keeping plants alive on long trips. 答案：A 2．What happened in the 1740s? A．Plants from Heaven seeds were grown throughout Europe. B．A French Catholic missionary called Father d' Incarville was sent to Beijing. C．Some Tree of Heaven seeds arrived in England. D．The tree of Heaven was introduced into North America. 答案：B 3．Transporting plants over long distances was a big problem.Why was this? A．It was hard to keep them alive during long trips. B．The weather is bad. C．It costs too much. D．There is not enough water.

答案：A 4．How did French missionaries come to be plant collectors? A．They believed in God. B．When they were in universities they studied natural science. C．They valued the study of the natural sciences and many of them knew a lot about plants and animals. D．They learned from other plant collectors. 答案：C 5．Who was able to collect a large quantity of seeds of the Dove Tree that Father Farges had discovered? A．Father Farges.

C．E H Wilson.

答案：C Ⅴ.根据课文改错

1．The first plant collecting expedition records in history was around 1500 BC. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：records改为recorded 2．However，it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries what the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：what改为that 3．Brave young men grasped the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：grasped改为took 4．At that time，there were restrictions to the movement of Europeans. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：to改为on 5．Father Farges collected 37 seeds from a tree that has appealed to him. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：has改为had Ⅵ.课文缩写填空

The plants in our gardens look__1__，but in fact many of them __2__many years ago.In the past，many civilisations saw the value of bringing back plants.So many of them did it.__3__，it wasn't popular until the 18th and 19th centuries.At that time，many brave young men took the__4__ to find new plants，such as Father d'Incarville，sir Joseph Banks.But keeping plant alive B．Robert Fortune. D．Dr Nathaniel.

was an enormous __5__.Facing the problem，Dr Nathaniel Ward __6__ the Wardian case. Between 1843 and 1859，there were__7__ on the movement of Europeans and so，in order to travel unnoticed，he developed his __8__ in Chinese even __9__his head in the Chinese style，He experienced many adventures and succeed shipping plants to the western countries. Although the missionaries collected large numbers of specimens，there was not enough __10__for growing particular species in western gardens，many plant collectors managed to introduce many new plants to western gardens. 答案：1.familiar

2.date back to

3.However

4.opportunity

5.challenge

6.invented

7.restrictions

8.fluency

9.shaving

10.material

[单词点击]

1．distant adj.

(1)遥远的；远处的；久远的

Have you heard the distant sound of music? 你听到远处的音乐声了吗？

Our school is about 20 kilometres distant. 我们学校约有20公里远。

(2)疏远的，关系不近的

Those two weak boys are distant relations. 那两个瘦弱的男孩是远房亲戚。

(3)冷淡的；不亲近的

Instead of stopping to speak，she passed by with only a distant nod.她没有停下来谈话，只是冷冷地点了一下头就走了过去。

distantly adv.

distance n.

at/from a distance

in/into the distance

遥远地

久远；距离；冷淡；疏远

离一段距离

在远方，在远处

keep sb. at a distance(＝keep one's distance from sb./sth.)与某人保持一定距离；对某人疏远

The picture looks more beautiful from a distance. 这幅图画远看更美丽。

[即境活用1]

He is standing________，talking to a friend of his. A．at a distance

C．for the distance

B．out the distance D．of the distance 解析：选A

句意：他正隔着一段距离同他的一位朋友谈话。at a distance表示“离一段距离”。

2．conflict

(1)n.[C，U]战争，战斗，冲突；争论，抵触，论战

There is a conflict between the two cultures. 这两种文化之间存在着冲突。

conflict of interest

a wordy conflict

(2)vi.冲突；抵触

conflict with

come into conflict with

in conflict with

与……冲突，与……战斗

与……冲突，与……矛盾

与……冲突，与……矛盾

利益冲突

舌战

These results conflict with the earlier findings. 这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。

My daughter is in conflict with me over her career. 我女儿在择业问题上与我有分歧。

conflict，fight，war，battle，combat

(1)conflict多指对立的思想或意识所导致的冲突、分歧。

(2)fight多指短兵相接的肉搏和厮杀。也指打架斗殴。

(3)war战争的全体称为“战争”。

(4)battle多指敌对双方使用武器而进行的大规模的战斗。

(5)combat指个人或部队间的单独斗争、战争等。

[即境活用2]

Your statement is in________ with the rest of the evidence. A．conflict

C．contrary

B．contrast D．contact 解析：选A

句意：你的陈述与剩下的证据相冲突。in conflict with表示“与……冲突，与……矛盾”。

3．anchor

(1)n.锚

The ship cast/dropped anchor for the night. 船抛锚过夜。

(2)vi. &vt.抛锚；紧固；(使)紧紧扣牢

The tiger anchored fast to its prey. 这只老虎紧紧地抓住猎物不放。

at anchor

cast/drop anchor

come to (an) anchor

weigh/raise anchor

(船)抛锚，停泊着

下锚，抛锚；过安定生活

抛锚，停泊；停下来

起锚；快点，加油

The ship lay at anchor two miles off the coast. 轮船在离海岸两海里处停泊了。

完成句子

[即境活用3]

(1)We________________ (抛锚) a few yards off-shore. (2)The panel was firmly____________ (固定) by two large bolts. 答案：(1)dropped anchor

(2)anchored 4．restriction n．限制；约束

I'm sorry to tell you that you have broken the speed restriction.很遗憾您超过了速度限制。

The government has agreed to lift restrictions on import.政府已经同意撤销对进口的限制。

impose/place a restriction on sth.对某事实行限制

restrict vt.

restricted adj.

restrictedly adv.

restrictive adj.

限制，约束

受限制的，受约束的

有限地；受约束地

限制(性)的，限定(性)的

That country has placed restrictions on press freedom. 该国对新闻自由实行了限制。

restrict，limit

这两个词都有“限制，限定在某个范围内”的意思，而且都可与介词to连用。

(1)restrict所指的“限制，控制”含有使不能发生或发展的意思，常用被动语态。

Is the consumption of alcohol restricted by law in your country？在你们国家酒的消耗量是否受法律限制？

(2)limit侧重于“有限制，不许超过预先定下的标准、界限、数量等”的含义。

Your composition must be limited to 150 words. 你的作文不得超过150字。

[即境活用4]

The supply of electric power to Madrid and neighbouring districts has to be________. A．weakened

C．restricted

B．omitted D．lowered 解析：选C

句意：必须限制向Madrid和周围地区的电力供应。restrict“限制，约束”，符合句意。weaken减弱，变弱；omit省略；lower降低。

[短语精析]

1．date back (to...)追溯到；远在……年代

The college dates back to the Middle Ages. 这所学校可追溯到中世纪。

date from

go back to...追溯到

过时

迄今，至今

最新

out of date

to date

up to date

The custom dates from hundreds of years. 这一习俗流传了几百年。

[即境活用5]

In our village，there is a tower________ several centuries. A．dated back to

C．dating from

B．dated from D．dating back 解析：选C

本题考查分词作后置定语。因为tower和date构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词作后置定语。date from“追溯到”。

2．set up创立，建立；树立(榜样)，资助；(使)开始(从事某种职业) John's parents set him up as a carpenter. 约翰的父母使他从事木工职业。

set up an example to

set oneself up as sb.

They will set up a new training center. 他们要成立一个新的培训中心。

They set up a notice on the wall. 为……树立榜样

自认为……，自称……

他们在墙上张贴了一张布告。

Li Na, who won two grand slams, set up an example to us. 李娜赢得了两次大满贯冠军，为我们树立了榜样。

He likes to set himself up as an intellectual. 他喜欢自命为知识分子。

由set构成的常见短语：

set aside

set about (doing) sth.

set off

set out

set...free

set fire to

set sail

Careless smoking may set off fires. 粗心吸烟会引发火灾。

[即境活用6]

It's ten years since the scientist________ on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical. A．made for

C．took off

B．set out D．turned up 留出

开始(做)某事

引起；导致发生；引起爆炸

着手做；出发；陈述；阐明

释放

放火烧……

起航

解析：选B

该题考查动词短语的含义。句意：自从这位科学家开始倾其一生从事发现有价值化学药品的工作以来，已经有十年了。set out“着手做”，符合题意。make for(尤指匆匆地)走向；take off脱衣，起飞；turn up出现。

3．come across偶然遇见；被理解；使产生……印象

I came across children sleeping under bridge. 我偶然发现睡在桥下的孩子。

I came across the book in the drawer. 我在抽屉里偶然发现了这本书。

meet with

run into偶遇

出现，出版，说出

长出地面，被提及

出场；加油

come out

come up

come on

Many questions came up at the meeting. 会上提出了许多问题。

[即境活用7]

The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Women's Day

and managed to ________ bags of bargains. A．come across

C．deal with

B．pick up D．take in 解析：选B

考查动词短语辨析。句意：在妇女节这天，那对双胞胎姐妹外出购物了几个小时，设法买到了几袋子减价品。come

across“偶遇”；pick up“买到”；deal with“处理”；take in“收留，收容”。根据句意可知应选B。

4．appeal to

(1)向……呼吁/请求

The victims' families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a definitive answer. 被害者的家属已经请求最高法院对这次谋杀案作出确切的答复。

(2)投合……的心意；引起……的兴趣

Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you? 你有没有兴趣到合资企业去工作？

The idea appealed to Mary.这主意正合玛丽的心意。

Bright colours appeal to small children. 小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。

(3)上诉；诉诸

appeal to arms/force

appeal to the law

appeal to another court

诉诸武力

诉诸法律

向另一法院上诉

We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information.我们将求助于多种资料来源。

appeal to sb. for sth.

appeal to sb. to do sth.

appeal against

make an appeal to sb.

lose one's appeal for

appealing adj.

为某事而向某人呼吁

呼吁某人做某事，恳求某人做某事

(对判决不服而)上诉

向某人提出呼吁

失去对……的吸引力

有吸引力的；有感染力的

These subjects have lost their appeal for most students. 对多数学生来说，这些学科已经失去了吸引力。

[即境活用8]

The government is________ to everyone to save water.

A．asking

C．declaring

B．appealing D．announcing 解析：选B

句意：政府正呼吁每个人节约用水。appeal to sb. to do sth.“呼吁某人做某事”，符合句意。

[句型归纳]

1．Collecting_“exotic”_plants，as_they_are_called，dates back to the earliest times.

收集所谓“异国”植物要追溯到很久以前。

(1)Collecting “exotic” plants是动名词短语作主语。动名词作主语往往表示一般抽象的行为，用于泛指。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数。

Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。

Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry.汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气。

动名词作主语时，若表语为no use，no good, any good等名词，常用it作形式主语，而将动名词后置。句子结构为：It is no use/good doing sth.做某事没有用处/没有好处。

It's no use crying over spilt milk.后悔无益。

It's no good complaining.抱怨是没用的。

It's no use crying.哭是没有用的。

(2)as they are called是as引导的一个定语从句。

Taiwan，as you know，is part of China. 如你所知，台湾是中国的一部分。

He，as you say，is a friend of ours. 正如你所说的，他是我们的朋友。

[即境活用9]

It is no use________；they won't do anything about it. A．you complain

C．to complain

B．your complaining D．you to complain 解析：选B

本题考查动名词作主语。it作形式主语，真正的主语是your complaining。

2．However，it_was_not_until

the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world...

然而，直到十八和十九世纪，对植物世界的探索才……

“It is not until...that...”是强调句的基本结构。强调句可以强调主语、表语、状语。强调人时，that可换成who或whom；若强调not...until...句式，必须把not一起提前。

It's me that/whom he blamed.他责怪的是我。

Was it you that I saw last night at the concert? 昨天晚上我在音乐会上见到的是你吗？

It was what he said that disappointed me. 是他说的话令我伤心。

对特殊疑问词强调的句式是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分(陈述句序)？”；对名词性从句引导词强调的句式是“引导词＋it is/was＋名词＋从句＋其余部分”。

Where was it that we met the first time? 我们第一次见面是在什么地方来着？

Who was it that won the final reward？是谁最后获奖？

注意：强调句中it不能用其他代词更换；is/was时态与“其余部分”的时态一致，数不受被强调部分单复数的影响；被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，被强调部分是人可用that或who，其他一律用that；被强调部分若是原句的主语，who/that之后的谓语动词在人称和数上与该主语一致。

[即境活用10]

It was along the Mississippi River________Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A．how

C．that

B．which D．where 解析：选C

此处为“It was...that...”强调句式。句中强调了介词短语along the Mississippi River。

3．Cook called the bay where the Endeavour had anchored Botany bay.库克把“奋进号”船的抛锚地称为“植物湾”。

where the Endeavour had anchored 是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the bay。

先行词是表示地点的名词(country，school，room...)，而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语时，一般用where引导定语从句。

The house where he used to live has now been turned into a museum.他过去居住的房子现在已经成了博物馆。

This is the school where I joined the Party. 这就是我在那儿入党的那所学校。

where引导的定语从句与where引导的状语从句

(1)引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，其前面有一个表示地点或场所的名词；where代替该地点或场所名词(即先行词)在定语从句中作地点状语。

Can you find a situation where this word can be used? 你能找出一个可以使用这个单词的情景吗？

I will go to Qingdao next week，where my son is studying.下周我将去青岛，我儿子在那里学习。

(2)引导地点状语从句时，where是从属连词，所引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。

Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. 在有疑问的地方做一个记号。

I found my books where I had left them. 我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。

(3)有时，where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义，可放在主句的前面，而where引导的定语从句则不能。

Where there is water，there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。

[即境活用11]

—Is that the small town you often refer to? —Right，just the one________ you know I used to worked for years. A．that

C．where

B．which D．what 解析：选C

该题考查定语从句。the one 指代上句中的the small town 作先行词；“小镇”应该是“工作数年的地点”。故用关系副词where引导定语从句。

4．Not_only_did_Fortune_introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but_he_also_shipped 20,000 tea plants from Shanghai to India，... Fortune不但把120多种植物引进到了西方的花园里，他也用船把20000种茶树从上海运到了印度，……

not only...but also...“不但……而且……”可以连接两个分句。若第一分句中的not only位于句首时，句子需要倒装，but also引导的句子不用倒装。

Not only do the staff want a pay raise，but they also demand to reduce working hours. 员工们不但要求涨工资，而且还要求缩短工作时间。

He is not only my father，but also my English teacher. 他不仅是我的父亲，也是我的英语老师。

not...but...

not that... but that...

不是……而是……

不是……而是……

注意：not only...but also和not ... but ...连接主语时，谓语动词的形式根据就近一致的原则。

Not only he but also I am a student.

不但他是学生，我也是一名学生。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The foreign visitors came from a________(遥远的) country. 答案：distant 2．The two stories ________(冲突)，so I did not know which to believe. 答案：conflicted 3．The________(限制条件) on the use of the playground are：no fighting，no damaging property. 答案：restrictions 4．He is________(流利的) in five languages. 答案：fluent 5．The school authorities are________(呼吁) to every student to pay attention to his own security. 答案：appealing 6．As we all know，flowers are p________ by bees. 答案：pollinated 7．Bill has s________ his beard off. 答案：shaved 8．I couldn't open the jar because the lid was too t________.

答案：tight 9．They e________ to make her happy but in vain. 答案：endeavoured 10．The city has many restaurants with e________ food. 答案：exotic Ⅱ.选词填空

set up，date back to，quantities of，come across，adapt to，take interest in，appeal to

1．When he moved to Canada，the children____________ the change very well. 答案：adapted to 2．The town____________ Roman times. 答案：dates back to 3．They____________ a memorial in honour of the hero.

答案：set up 4．Does the exotic music ____________ you? 答案：appeal to

5．____________ arms were discovered hidden in the trucks. 答案：Quantities of 6．I____________ some old photos in the balcony. 答案：came across 7．He ____________ learning French. 答案：takes interest in Ⅲ.完成句子

1．他从没遇到过像希拉这样的人。

He had never________________ a person quite like Sheila. 答案：come across 2．警方呼吁公众保持镇静。

The police made an________________ the public to remain calm. 答案：appeal to 3．他们对于战争起因的报道与我们的相反。

Their accounts of the causes of the war______________ ours. 答案：conflict with 4．我看到远处有艘轮船。

I saw a ship ________________________. 答案：in the distance 5．大卫说，正是由于他对文字的浓厚兴趣才使得他选了这门课程。

David said that________________ because of his strong interest in literature________ he chose the course. 答案：it was；that Ⅳ.句型转换

1．I would keep away from that dog，if I were you. I would ______________________________ from that dog，if I were you. 答案：keep myself at a distance 2．He is interested in music and cooking. He ______________________ music and cooking. 答案：takes interest in 3．My interests conflict with yours. My interests are________________________ yours.

答案：in conflict with 4．Arguing with Bill is no use，because he will never change his mind. ________________________ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. 答案：It is no use 5．Regular radio broadcasts didn't begin until 1920. ________________________________ 1920 ________ regular radio broadcasts began. 答案：It was not until；that Ⅴ.单项填空

1．How I wish I could________ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the Internet! A．set off

C．set over

B．set out D．set up 解析：选B

句意：在网上聊天的时候，我多么希望能用简单而又美妙的英语来陈述我的观点！set out“出发，动身，陈述，阐明”，符合句意。set off 出发，启程；C项不存在；set up建立，资助。

2．He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really________. A．get across

C．understand

B．come across D．A & B 解析：选D

句意：他讲了很长时间但他的意思没人能理解。A项和B项都有“被理解”的意思。但understand是及物动词，此处应使用被动语态。故选D项。

3．Try________ he might，he couldn't open the door. A．as

C．although

B．though D．while 解析：选A

as引导让步状语从句，应使用倒装。

4．At that time，there were many restrictions________ the movement of this country. A．on

C．of

B．for D．in 解析：选A

本题考查固定短语。restriction on表示“对……的限制”。

5．His white hair was in sharp________ to his dark skin. A．contrary

C．contrast

B．conflict D．comparison 解析：选C

本题考查固定短语。in sharp/marked contrast to与……形成鲜明的对比。

6．This is a law________ the 17th century. A．dates from

B．dating from

C．dating back

D．dates back to 解析：选B

句意：这是一项可追溯到17世纪的法律。该句中使用分词作后置定语，law与date from 为主动关系，故用现在分词，C项应为dating back to。

7．The airport is about ten miles________ from the city. A．away

C．far

B．distant D．A & B 解析：选D

far away from为固定短语，意为“离……远”。当出现具体数词时不能用far，故C项错，B项中distant from the city为形容词短语作定语。

8．________snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A．Not only they brought B．Not only did they bring C．Not only brought they D．Not only they did bring 解析：选B

not only...but also...“不但……而且……”连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，它所在句子需要倒装，but also引导的句子不倒装。

9．(江西高考)It was________he came back from Africa that year________he met the girl he would like to marry. A．when；then

C．not until；that

B．not；until D．only；when 解析：选C

考查强调句型。句意：他直到那年从非洲回来之后才遇到了他想与之结婚的女孩。此句是“not until...”的强调句型。

10．(福建高考)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.

A．that

C．which

B．where D．whose 解析：选B

考查定语从句。先行词是the only planet，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。

Ⅵ.阅读理解

Botany，the study of plants，occupies a special position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was a field about which humans had a great deal to learn.It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants，but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist，a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be

extremely ancient.This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things，even for other plants.They have always been important to the benefit of peoples，not only for food，but also for clothing，weapons, tools，dyes，medicines，shelter，and a great many other purposes.Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each.To them botany，as such，has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all. Unfortunately，the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants，and the less definite our knowledge，and few people will fail to recognize a rose，and apple，or an orchid. When our ancestors，living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago，discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer harvests the next season，the first great step in a new association(联系) of plants and humans was taken.Grains were discovered and from them flowed the wonder of agriculture：cultivated crops.From then on，humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants，rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild—and the accumulated(积累)knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close contact with plants in the wild would begin to fade away. 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Early humans knew nothing about plants. B．Early humans probably had extensive knowledge of plants. C．Early humans had little knowledge of plants. D．Early humans did not enjoy the study of botany. 解析：选B

细节理解题。由第一段第三句的前半部分可知B项正确。

2．In Paragraph 1 the underlined word “properties”refers to________.

A．the belongings of early humans B．the wealth of ancient people C．the characteristics or qualities of plants D．Both B and C

解析：选C

词义猜测题。全文出现property的地方有两处，除了第一段之外，在第二段倒数第二句话还能找到。观察其搭配，可发现这个词两处都与plant联用，可猜出其意思与人类无关，故选C项。

3．Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon________. A．don't know anything about plants

B．recognize botany as a branch of science C．first give the name of botany D．are experts of plants 解析：选D

细节理解题。从第二段看出，亚马孙丛林中的部落人能认识数百种植物，并熟悉它们的属性。他们不知道什么叫“植物学”，这些知识只是想当然的事，甚至不纳入“知识”范畴。故选D项。

4．According to the passage，what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture? A．The invention of agricultural implements and machinery. B．The development of a system of names for plants. C．The discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted. D．The changing diets of early humans. 解析：选C

细节理解题。从最后一段第一句中可以得出答案。