Learning about Language教学目标设计

Unit 1 Cultural relics Learning about language(III)

Teacher Class Time Teaching content Li Yimei 201 40mins Module 2 Unit 1 Cultural relics Learning about language(III) Grammar: The differences between restrictive attributive clauses and non-restrictive attributive clauses Grammar Attributive clauses are an important part of grammar in senior high school. So it is necessary for students to master it. They learn it in Book 1 Unit 4 & Unit 5 for the first time during their senior high school. In Book 2 Unit 1, they will continue to learn attributive clauses. The focus of this unit is the differences between restrictive attributive clauses and non-restrictive attributive clauses. It’s also an essential part of attributive clauses. By learning this, they can finish their exercises better in their later study. Every difference is clear, which is easy for students to learn.

(1) Knowledge aims: ①To learn about the restrictive attributive clauses and non-restrictive attributive clauses. ②To discover some useful structures. (2) Ability aims: Enable students to analyze sentence structure by themselves and judge which sentences are attributive clauses.

(3) Emotional aims: ①To help students have a better understanding of attributive clauses.

②To encourage students to learn English more confidently by mastering the important grammar in senior high school—Attributive clauses.

(1)

Teaching important point:

Enable students to master the differences between restrictive attributive clauses and non-restrictive attributive clauses. (2)

Teaching difficult point:

How to tell non-restrictive attributive clauses from restrictive attributive clauses.

(1) Task-based teaching and learning (2) Cooperative learning (3) Discussion

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Type of lesson

Analysis of the teaching material Teaching aims Teaching important points and difficult points Teaching methods

Teaching procedures

Step 1. Lead-in(2 mins)

Show students two sentences which are attributive clauses.

This is the best film that I have seen. I have seen a film, which is the best.

Let students judge what kind of sentence the two sentences are. And according to their judgment, ask students to predict what the grammar of this unit is about.

Step 2. Analysis (3 mins) Leads students to analyze the two sentences together and find about their differences.

Step 3. Explanation (18 mins) 1.

Difference in form. In restrictive attributive clauses, there is not a comma between antecedent and attributive clauses. However, there is a comma between antecedent and attributive clauses in non-restrictive attributive clauses. Eg. The children who wanted to play outdoors were taken to the playground. The children, who wanted to play outdoors ,were taken to the playground.

2.

Difference in meaning. Restrictive attributive clauses have a very close relationship with antecedent. Therefore, they can’t be left out. The function of non-restrictive attributive clauses is additional illustration. So if we leave out the non-restrictive attributive clauses, the meaning of sentences is also complete. Eg. We will never forget the happy days when we played together. His sister, who works in a bank, is coming to see him tomorrow.

3.

Difference in translation. When we translate restrictive attributive clauses, we usually translate the meaning of clauses first and antecedent second. However, when we translate non-restrictive attributive clauses, we should translate antecedent before clauses. Eg. I have a son who is now studying in the USA.我有一个在美国学习的孩子。(可能还有儿子在别处)

I have a son, who is now studying math in the university.我有一个儿子，他现在在大学学习数学。（含“我只有一个儿子”之意）

4.

Difference in antecedents. The antecedents of restrictive attributive clauses are generally 2

single noun or pronoun. Nevertheless, the antecedents of non-restrictive attributive clauses can be noun, pronoun and even the whole sentence.

Eg. Mike sold the old house which came down from his father.(先行词是house)

Mike sold the old house, which made his father very angry.（先行词为逗号前的整个句子，即卖房子这件事。）

5.

Difference in introductory words. The introductory words that can lead restrictive attributive clauses can usually be used to lead non- restrictive attributive clauses. But attention: that can’t be used to lead non-restrictive attributive clauses Eg. They look very happy, that means that they have won the match. (False)

They look very happy, which means that they have won the match

(True) 6.

Difference in ellipsis. If the introductory words in restrictive attributive clauses serve as object in the clauses, they can be left out in oral language. But the introductory words that lead non- restrictive attributive clauses can’t be left out. Eg. Beijing is a city (that/which) I’ve always wanted to visit.

Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.

Step 4. Summary (5 mins) Let students use the information they have just learnt to complete the following form.

clauses restrictive attributive non-restrictive attributive

clauses clauses differences

form

There is no comma. There is a comma. meaning

Clauses are essential. Clauses can be left out. translation

Translate clauses first. Translate antecedents first. antecedent

Single noun or pronoun. Noun, pronoun or the whole sentence. introductory who,that,which,whose, who,which,whose,whom, words

whom,when,where,why.

when,where, why,as. ellipsis

Introductory words

can Introductory words

be left out in oral can’t be left out. language(serve as object).

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Step 5.Exercises( 11 mins) Ask students to finish the following exercises. Multiple choice:

1. (2012 重庆卷) Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

2. （2007 全国卷I）Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _______they learn simple games and songs.

A. where

B. there

C. while

D. then 3. (2012 福建卷)The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

A. that

B. it

C. as

D. what 4. (2012 天津卷) I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______help I would never have got this far.

A. who

B. whose

C. whom

D. which

5. （2011江西卷）She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction __________had taken more than three years.

A. for which

B. with which C. of which

Grammatical filling: 1.

(2018全国卷I) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 2.

(2017全国卷I) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,_______ is not good for the health. 3.

(2017全国卷III) But Sarah,_______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

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D. to which

Error correction: 1.

(2010浙江卷改编) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000

people, many of them left their village homes for a better life in the city.

2.（2011江苏卷改编）

Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, which the audience can buy ice-cream. 3. (2017全国卷II) In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.

After finishing the exercises, students have a short discussion on exercises with which they have difficulty with their group members. And then teachers check out the answers.

Step 6. Homework(1min) Finish the exercises on the handout that I gave out after class.

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