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高一定语从句（基础教案）

互动探索

1、

上次课后巩固作业复习；

2、

互动探索

1.

He asked me a question which was about my study at school. 2.

My aunt Alice, whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month. 3.

This is a place which is beautiful. 4.

This is a place where I was born.

【思考1】

结合以上句子回顾定语从句的概念和分类？

【思考2】说出句1，句2之间的区别。

【思考3】分析句3，句4中先行词一样，而引导词为何不同。

【思考4】句4中的where能换其他的表达方式吗？

精讲提升

【知识梳理1】定语从句专题知识梳理

（一）概念：

修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句(Attributive Clause）

He is the man （whom/ that I saw yesterday）.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。

They rushed over to help the man （whose car had broken down）.

那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

（二）定语从句的分类

1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系密切, 如果没有定语从句, 主句不完整, 且与先行词之间无逗号。

eg: I like the flowers (which / that) he grows. 我喜欢他种的花。

如果后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完整。

2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 如果删除, 主句意义仍然完整, 与先行词之间有逗号。

eg: On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine.

My aunt Alice ,whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month.

注意：显然，去掉下划线部分定语从句，意思仍然没有多大影响。

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★ that不能用于非限制性定语从句

（三）要点

：跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：

① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系代词：who/whom

(指代人), which（指代物），that（指人/物），

whose

关系词的分类: 关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)

1. 引导定语从句

关系词的功能: 2. 代替先行词

3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分

【例题精讲】

例1. He is a friend ______ can help you in time of need. A．who he

例2. They thought

too much about

______. A．which I had said

C．that I had said

【试一试】

1．

He has to work on Sundays，

_____ he does not like．

A．

and which

B．

which

C．

and when

D．

when 解析：

选B。先行词是前面整个一句话。

2．

Is there a restaurant around _____ I can have something to eat? A．

when

B．

that

C．

where

D．

which 解析：

选C。around是副词，并不是介词提前；先行词是地点，用where引导从句。

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B．whose

C．/

D．who 解析：引导词在定语从句中做主语，指人。

应选D。

B．what I had said D．I had said 解析：此题引导词作在从句中作宾语，表示说话的内容，应

选B。

【知识梳理2】关系代词的用法

（一）关系代词的用法分类

关系代词 从句用于限制性和非限制性定语从句

指人

指物

只用于限制性定语从句

既指人又指物

格

主格词

宾语词

属格词

who who(m) whose/of whom which that whose/of which whose (二)关系代词that和which的用法

1.限制性定语从句中，必须用that的情况：

（1）当先行词中是不定代词all, much ,little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 时，如：

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

You should hand in all that you have.

(2)当先行词被the only, the very ,any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时，如：

This is the very person that I’m waiting for.

The only thing that we can do is give you some money.

(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰，如：

This is the best way that has been used against pollution.

This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen. (4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有一个序数词修饰时，如：

This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.

What is the first American film that you have seen?

(5)当先行词既有人又有物时，如：

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

(6) 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时,如：

Who is the man that is making a speech?

2.当限制性定语从句中的介词提前时，只能用which, 不用that。

如：

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

记忆方法总结：

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2.

介词+which/whom+不定式结构。如：

The beggar has no money with which to buy food. =The beggar has no money to buy food. = The beggar has no money that/which he cn buy food with. (五)关系代词as引导的定语从句

关系代词as引导限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。

as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：

1.

such +名词+as…像……一样的，像……之类的

the same ++as…和……同样的

其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。如：

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as作主语)

These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)

He is not the same man as he was. (as作表语) 2….such as…

such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担当成分，修饰先行词such 。如：

This book is not such as I expect. 3. the same... as和the same ...that的用法区别

the same... as指同类事物

the same ...that 指原物

如：

That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）

That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。（同一把工具）

【例题精讲】

例1. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的

that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。

【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且

that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入

such … that …，句末的动词

like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词

boy，同时

as 在定语从句中用作动词

like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的

that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到

such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词

as 来引导，而不用that。

比较下面一题，答案为A，因为

like 后有自己的宾语

him：

David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him. 5 / 14

A. that C. as

B. who D. whom 例2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _________are built close to each other. A. they

B. where

C. what

D. that 【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中

缺少主语指物，因此用

that 。

【巩固练习】

1. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _________are built close to each other. A. they

B. where

C. what

D. that 【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中

缺少主语指物，因此用

that 。

2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _________are built close to each other. A. they

B. where

C. what

D. that 【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中

缺少主语指物，因此用

that 。

3. _______I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When

B. After

C. As

D. Since

【解析】答案为C。用“as”表示“正如我在电话里解释的那样”。

【知识梳理3】关系副词的用法

（一）当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词（如:in, at,

during等）+which; where=表地点的介词（如：in, at, on, under等）+which; why+表原因的介词（如：

因为）+which。

如：

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on which)

Can you tell me the office where he works?( where=in which)

Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why= for which)

(二)有时先行词为抽象名词situation, stage, point, age 等。

如：

The accident has reached a point where both their parents are to be called in.

In an age when technology moves faster than most can keep up with, a small group of people still remain in the time of old-fashioned letters.

知识点3：用法其他要点

（一）

定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致

当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面，应该

与先行词保持一致。

1.

one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（与复数名词保持一致）。如：

Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood. 2.

the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（与only one 保持一致）。

如：

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Titanic is the only one of the wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.

（二）

注意way和

time后接定语从句的情况

1.

当先行词是way意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如：

The way that/which/不填

he explained to us was quite simple. The way that/in which/不填

he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.

先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；

若time作“一段时间”讲并在从句中作时间状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during +which引导定语从句。如：

This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country. I could hardly remember how many times (that) I’ve failed. This was at a time when/during which there were no radio, no telephones or no TV sets.

（三）定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象

定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它

与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。

1. 在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。

2. 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语. 如：

There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun. 在太空中有成千上万的像太阳般的星星。

【解析】乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，

“不对啊，天空怎么能像太阳呢？”，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。

3. 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语. 如：

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond

necklace? 你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？

【解析】when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.实际上是修饰afternoon而不

是修饰

years。Ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。

4.

先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主

句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后. 如：

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

（先行词为A new master）

【例题精讲】

例1.—Is that the small town you often refer to?

—Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what 【解析】答案为C。work是不及物动词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语，you know 在

句中作插入语。

例2.He made another wonderful discovery ,______of importance to science . 7 / 14

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D. I think is 【解析】答案为A。这里I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句。

【巩固练习】

1. Wind power is an ancient source of energy

we may return in the near future. A. on which

B. by which

C. to which

D. from which

【解析】答案为C。考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy which\that we may return to in the near future.

2.Gun control is a subject

Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which

B. with which

C. about which

D. into which 【解析】答案为C。先行词是Gun control, 指物, 关系词在从句中做介词的宾语, 介词前置, 介

词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth, 选C项。句意：枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题。

3. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

A. where

B. which

C. its

D. whose 【解析】答案为D。先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，

选D项。其余选项与题意不符。

4. Occasions are quite rare

I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

A. who

B. which

C. why

D. when 【解析】答案为D。先行词是occasions所以引导词通常用when或where，但是此句话中很明

显是说“我能跟孩子待上一整天的时候很少”，所以用when，为分隔式定语从句。

达标检测

一．选择题

(

)1．

This is the only one of the students _____ the truth．

A．

that knows

B．

that know

C．

who know

D．

which knows (

)2．

Do you know the girl _____? A．

whom he often talk to

B．

to who he often talks C.

to that he often talks

D．

he often talks to (

)3．

The world _____ we live is made up of matter．

A．

on which

B．

of which

C．

at which

D．

in which (

)4．

There are no children _____ love their parents．

A．

that do not

B．

who does not

C．

that

D．

who (

)5．

I’m one of the boys _____ never late for school．

A．

that is

B．

who are

C．

who am

D．

who is 8 / 14

(

)6．

Abraham Lincoln，

_____ led the United States _____ these years，

was _____ of the greatest presidents．

A．

he；for；a

B．

whom；in；one C．

who；at；one

D．

who；through；one (

)7．

Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress? A．

whose

B．

that

C．

whom

D．

that’s (

)8．

The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist．

A．

I spoke

B．

I spoke to C．

whom I spoke

D．

that I spoke to him (

)9．

The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory．

A．

that you just talked

B．

whom you just talked to C．

which you just talked to

D．

who you just talked (

)10．

The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop．

A．

you need

B．

what you need C．

which you need it

D．

that you need it 参考答案：

1．

选A。the only one of the students是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。

2．

选D。关系代词为whom或者that，

在从句中作介词宾语，可以省略。

3．

选D。介词in与live搭配，提到关系代词之前。

4．

选A。children是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。

5．

选B。boys是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。

6．

选D。who引导非限制性定语从句；through表示“经过”。

7．

选D。that’s是定语从句的主语和谓语动词。

8．

选B。关系代词为whom或者that，

在从句中作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

9．

选B。关系代词作介词宾语，介词不可省略。

10．

选A。关系代词为that或者which，

在从句中作宾语，可以省略。

二．填空题

1.Many countries are now setting up national parks________ animals and plants can be protected.

2. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected. 3. Happiness and success often come to those ________are good at recognizing their own strengths. 4.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，________he remember starting as early as 9 / 14

his childhood. 5.He may win the competition，

in________ case he is likely to get into the national team. 6. ________ is often the case

with children，Amy was better

by the time the doctor arrived. 7. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________they live. 8.We have launched another man-made satellite，________is announced in today's newspaper. 9.When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house ________I would be staying. 10.John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of ________ are family members.

参考答案：

1．

解析

考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词，先行词指地点，故填where。

2．解析

考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。

3．解析

考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。

4．解析

考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。

5．

解析

考查定语从句。两分句间无连词，故排除B项(不能用作连词，in this/ that case用于并列句中)。此处which指代前面主句，in which case引导定语从句用语替代并列句中的in this/ that case。句意：他可能赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话，他就可能进入国家队,故填which. 6．

解析

考查定语从句。此处as引导的定语从句位于主句之前，指代整个主句内容。句意：正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好了,故填as。

7．

解析

考查定语从句。此处先判断从句类型为定语从句，先行词为the environment，定语从句中live为不及物动词，因此不缺少主干成分，应填关系副词；且先行词environment指地点，故用where，相当于in which。

8．解析

考查定语从句。此处关系代词which指代整个主句引导非限制性定语从句。句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这是在今天的报纸上宣布的。故填which。

9．

解析

考查定语从句。定语从句中stay为不及物动词，故不缺主干成分，用关系副词；先行词为house，指地点，故用关系副词where。

10．

解析

考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用whom。介词之后不能用that，应予以排除；which指先行词为物；them为人称代词，应用于并列句中，故填whom。

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关系代词

主格

宾格

所有格

总结：

⑴关系代词中在从句中充当主语的是which、that、who且在句中不可以省略。

⑵关系代词中在从句中充当宾语的是which、that、who、whom且可以省略。

⑶当关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用

whom，

指物只能用which。

⑷which 只能指物，who\whom 只能指人，that既可指人又可指物。

指人

who、that、

whom 、who、that、

of whom 、whose 指物

that、which、

that、which、

of which、whose、

课后巩固

一．选择题

(

) 1．

Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing? A．

which

B．

where

C．

in which

D．

what (

) 2．

Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _____ we’re going to visit．

A．

which

B．

where

C．

that

D．

in which (

)3．

The magazine _____ Betty paid one dollar was very good．

A．

that

B．

which

C．

for which

D．

to which (

)4．

The two things _____ they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair．

A．

about which

B．

of which

C．

in which

D．

for which (

)5．

He was the man _____ Master of Game was translated．

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A．

by whom

B．

by who

C．

by whose

D．

by him (

)6．

This is the factory _____ we visited last week．

A．

which

B．

where

C．

who

D．

in which (

)7．

Is this school _____ we are going to visit tomorrow? A．

which

B．

that

C．

where

D．

the one (

)8．

Ahead of me I saw a woman _____ I thought was my aunt．

A．

who

B．

whom

C．

of whom

D．

whose (

)9．

This is the key _____．

A．

which you are looking for

B．

for which you are looking C．

for that you are looking

D．

you are looking for which (

)10．

The woman _____ is his mother．

A．

of whom he takes care

B．

of that he takes care C．

he takes care of

D．

whom he takes care

参考答案：

1．

选A。先行词是shop，

关系代词在从句中作主语。

2．

选C。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰的时候，定语从句用that引导。

3．

选C。介词for与paid搭配，提到关系代词之前。

4．

选B。介词of与felt proud搭配，提到关系代词之前。

5．

选A。介词by与translated搭配，提到关系代词whom之前，不能提到who之前。

6．

选A。先行词是factory，

关系代词在从句中作宾语。

7．

选D。把主句变成陈述句后可以看出主句中并没有先行词；加上一个the one作为先行词；关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。

8．

选A。I thought是插入语，who在从句中作主语。

9．

选A。look for是动词短语，因此介词不能提前。

10．

选C。take care of是动词短语，因此介词不能提前，可以省略关系代词。

二．对比练习

1.

(1) This is the house _________ I once lived.

(2) This is the house _________ I once visited.

A. that

B. when

C. where

D. there

2.

(1) I won’t forget the days ______ we studied in the college.

(2) I won’t forget the days ______ we spent together.

A. which

B. when

C. who

D. on which

3.

(1) The reason _______ he explained to me is unreasonable.

(2)He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason ______ he was late for school.

A. why

B. for that

C. which

D. whose

4.

(1) He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east.

(2) He still lives in the room, the window _____ faces to the east.

(3)He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.

(4)He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table.

A. which

B. whose

C. where

D. of which 12 / 14

5.

(1) He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him.

(2) He is such a good teacher_____ we all like.

A. whom

B. that

C. as

D. which

参考答案: 1. (1)C (2)A 2. (1) B (2)A 3. (1) C (2)A 4. (1) B(2)D (3)A (4)C 5. (1) B(2)C

三．用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空：

1. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.

2. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?

3. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.

4. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?

5. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour.

6. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.

7. This is the very letter ____came last night. w。w

8. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.

9. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all ____ you have told him.

10. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?

11. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.

12. I live in the house ____ windows face south..

13. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.

14. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.

15. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.

16. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.

17. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.

18. I have bought two pens, both of ____ write well.

19. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?

20. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

参考答案：1. that

2. which 3. who

4. that 5. with whom 6. that

7. that

8. where 9. that

10. whose

11. which

12. whose

13. during which

14. where

15. which

16. which

17. whom

18. which 19. why

20. which

预习思考

根据英文释义写出下列单词

1)

make someone feel unhappy or worried 2)

pay no attention to, take no notice of,pretend not to see 3)

completely 4)

the ability or right to control people or things 5)

a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window 6)

go to live in a new place and stay there 13 / 14

7)

get well again after being ill or hurt,etc. 8)

correctly,precisely 9)

feeling or showing thanks,thankful 10)

a small piece of advice;a thin pointed end

参考答案：

1)upset

2)ignore

3)entirely

4)power

5)curtain

6)settle

7)recover

8)exactly

9)grateful

10)tip

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