Learning about Language教学目标

I．定语从句

1. 限定性定语从句（Restrictive Attributive Clauses）

大多数定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制，表示“……的人（或东西）”，称为限定性定语从句。如：

The man who robbed him has been arrested.

抢劫他的人被逮捕了。

The girl whom I saw told me to come back today.

我见到的那个姑娘叫我今天再来。

That’s the best hotel ( that ) I know.

这是我所知道的最好的旅馆。

These are the books (which) you ordered.

这些是你订购的书。

这类从句多由关系代词（a）或关系副词（b）引导。

a. Everyone who (that) knew him liked him.

认识他的人都喜欢他。

The friend with whom I was traveling spoke French.

和我一道旅行的那位朋友能讲法语。

The car which (that) I hired broke down.

我租的汽车坏了。

b. At the time when I saw him, he was quite strong.

以前我看到他的时候，他身体壮实。. This is the village where I was born.

这是我出生的村子。

These are the reasons why we do it.

这些就是我们这样做的理由。

在限定性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中做宾语时，在绝大多数情况下都可以省略，特别是在口语中，在被修饰的词为all, everything 等词时尤其如此。

Have you got the postcard (which) I sent you?

我寄

给你的明信片收到了吗？

These are the things (that) you need.

这些就是你要的东西。

Anything I can do for you?

我能帮你做什么吗？

All you have to do is to fill out this form.

你只需要填这张表就行了。

That’s the only thing we can do now.

这是我们现在唯一能做的事。

You can take any room you like.

你随便哪间房都行。

2. 非限定性定语从句

（Non- Restrictive Attributive Clauses）对所修饰的词没有限定词义的作用，而只是补充一些说明，通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其它部分分开，在译成中文时，

这个从句多译成一个并列句。限定性定语从句去掉以后，句子意思常发生变化，甚至不能成立，而非限定性定语从句拿掉以后对剩下部分没有太大的影响。如：

Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town. 彼得开了一天的车，提议在下一座城市停下来。

This house, for which he paid $ 150,000, is now worth $ 300,000.

这所房子他买时花了十五万美元，现在值三十万美元了。

They went to the Royal Theatre, where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gent.

他们去了皇家剧院，在那里他们看了易卜生的《彼尔•英特》

Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.

星期天是假日，这一天人们不上班。

应注意的是，在这类从句中不能使用关系代词that

和关系副词why, 也不能省略任何关系副词，这类从句主要出现在书面语中。

在书面语中whose有时指某样东西。如：

His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子，窗户都破了，让人看了感到沮丧。

The car, whose handbrake wasn’t very reliable, began to slide backward. 这辆轿车刹车不太牢靠，开始向后滑动。

It was an island, whose name I have forgotten.

它是一座岛屿，名字我忘了。

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with who, whose, which and that.

1. The girls（

）served in the shop were the owner’s daughters.

2. The man （

）I saw told me to come back today. 3. The girl （

）spoke is my best friend. 4. The man with （

）I was traveling didn’t speak English.

5. The man （

）I saw told me to wait. 6. The girl （

）

I spoke to was a student. 7. The man to （

）

I spoke was a foreigner. 8. The man from （

）

I bought it told me to read the instructions. 9. I know a boy （

）

father is an acrobat.

10. He saw a house （

）

windows were all broken. 11. All the apples （

）

fall are eaten by wild boars. 12. Can you think of anyone （

）

could look after him？

13. This is the best hotel （

）I know. 14. He showed a machine （

）

parts are too small to be seen.

15. You can take any room （

）you like. While the students are reading the material and doing the exercise，the teacher can walk in the classroom，to help those who need help. After that the teacher checks the answers with the students. If they have any questions, explain them to the students. Answers to the Exercise 1 1 who 2 Whom 3 Who 4 whom 5 who 6 who/whom 7 whom 8 whom 9 whose 10 whose 11 that 12 that 13 that 14 whose 15 that