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高三一轮复习

完型填空解题指导-----语义场

课前阅读材料：

考完形填空是测试学生综合运用语言能力的一种题型。

它要求学生不但具有阅读理解的能力，驾驭语法结构的能力，辨析词义的能力，而且还要具有较强的逻辑思维、分析和判断能力，同时对各类词法、句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配以及写作技巧等还需具有较强的运用能力。一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章技巧。完形填空毕竟不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，其中篇章技巧的使用是完形填空解题中至关重要的手段。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此，行文中词语的重复、替代、复现等现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词,根据这些词之间的有机联系就可以确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，利用上下文寻找解题信息，如某一个词的原词、同根词、同义词或近义词、反义词等我们把这个解题方法称为语义复现法。在解完形填空的过程中,我们可以利用语义复现法迅速地找到正确答案。

语义场的概念：物理学中的电场、磁场、重力场，具有同一性，即在场中的任意位置场的作用是相同的。类比于物理中的场，一篇文章也有它的“场”，及语言具有使用中的同一性。这种同一性体现在性质相同的词之间具有语义上的同一性。例如，在歌曲《外婆的澎湖湾》的歌词中，阳光、沙滩、海浪、仙人掌，这几个词都是名词，并且在“澎湖湾”这个场景或称为语义场中，这几个名词之间具有语义上的同一性，或者说是同类词。语言都是相通的，汉语如此，英语亦然。名词如此，动词和形容词亦然。动词之间的同一性体现在一个事件或一个人物的先后动作具有连贯性。形容词之间的同一性体现在作者的情感态度具有一致性。语义场分为同性质之间的语义场和异性质词之间的语义场。

找出跟下列词的语义场相同的词. 1.Saturday

A. trip

B. holiday

C. weekend

D. square 2.explore

A. searching

B. planning

C. natural

D. formal 3.wrong

A.ready

B.possible

C.correct

D.difficult

4. alive.

A. dead

B. hurt

C. weak

D. late 5.river

A. dust

B. water

C. grass

D. bush

6.medical

A．hospital

B. factory

C. restaurant

D. hotel 7. experiment

A. library

B laboratory

C clinic

D

museum

一、同性质词之间的语义场

1.

名词之间的同类性（similarity）

（1）. I managed t o get an A in that ___13__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the ___14____

13. A. game

B. presentation

C. course

D. experiment

14. A.criterion

B. classroom

C. department

D. situation （2）.It’s a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes and trousers or colorful __36__, instead of the usual school uniform. （2007年北京卷）

36. A. shapes

B. dresses

C. flowers

D. pictures

2. 动词之间的连贯性（sequence）

（1）.Every effort to clear the air seemed to only

deepen our misunderstanding. Then he (28) ______ a small island in the Caribbean and we (29) ______ touch. One day he wrote me a letter.（2010年全国卷II）

28. A．toured

B．stopped over

C．reached

D．moved to

29. A．lost

B. kept in

C. needed

D. got in

( 2 ).Suddenly LoAnna heard a hug sound. She ___41___ outside to see wide mud, sand and rocks___42 __down the hill. She phoned Kris ____43_and Kris sped back home.

41.

A.rushed

B. wandered

C. jumped

D. broke

42.

A. tracking

B. pushing

C. thundering

D. pressing

43.

A.immediately

B. accidentally

C. cautiously

D. deliberately

3. 形容词之间的一致性（coherence）

（1）.Sometimes I’d get (45) ______ and take a shot at the wrong direction –

which made me feel really stupid.（2011年北京卷）

45. A. committed

B. motivated

C. embarrassed

D. confused （2）.I remember how (43) ______ I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables; it

look different from the one I was (44) _trained_____ on. It had nice handles (手柄),which made it (45) ______ to move around. I was pleased with everything.（2008年全国卷II）

43. A. angry

B. calm

C. sad

D. happy

45. A.slower

B .easier

C lighter

D harder

二：异性质词之间的语义场

上文所提的同性质词之间的语义场是解答完形填空的基本能力，培养的是上下文找线索找依据的能力，有了这种能力可以推而广之，不仅找同性质词之间的语义场关系，异性质词之间，甚至词与句之间也存在语义场关系。

（1）.Our meetings were not ___26___ ; our conversation was filled with arguments and quarrels.（2010年全国卷II）

26. A．normal

B．necessary

C．pleasant

D．possible （2）.After listening to shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the

__40______ answer, and ... (2011年全国卷) 40. A.ready B.possible C.correct D.difficult

三：结构复现：

有时空格处的信息并不是与前句或后句中某个词的重复,可能是与前句或后句中某个短语结构的语义相同或相近。

(1). (2012年全国卷II) I was driving a school bus to make ends meet and 24 _________with a friend of mine, for I had lost my flat. 24. A. working

B. travelling

C. discussing

D. living

(2). We are ___43____ ,yet connected. We have student athletes from all four years of high school, from different parts of the city, and from different families and social ____44____.(2018广州综合测试)

43. A. courageous

B. diverse

C. motivated

D. skillful.

44. A. activities

B. backgrounds

C. responsibilities D

services.

应用:

( 1 ). My ____41____ has so far meant that I've had to help with school meetings, events and many ____42___across the school.

41

A. job

B. cure

C.

enquiry

D. opportunity

42.

A. activities

B. teachers

C. libraries

D. professors

( 2 ) …I developed a strong feeling of ___48___ about getting bad grades. Seeing my anxiety, Dad said….

48. A. worry

B. embarrassment

C. guilt

D. anger （3）. Down the ___11____ and across the valley, she rode to the ______12__ of the of the golden house.(2013 辽宁卷)

11. A. house

B. hill

C

river

D

valley.

12. A. windows

B

steps

C center

D

gate. （4）. As babies spend most of their early months sleeping, they certainly appear passive

and ____49____. 49.

A. confident

B. unbelievably

C. lovely

D. unaware ( 5 ). When I turned fourteen, she bought me a secondhand ____50_____ and told me that I could become a writer. (NMET 2010江苏)

50.

A. camera

B. radio

C. bicycle

D. typewriter ( 6 ). Milker was struck by a car and lost his right arm, I went to see him after he came back from __4___.

4. A.

school

B. vacation

C. hospital

D. training

( 7 ). scientist believed that oral communication was necessary for abstract thought.

In its _____46_____, scientists assumed that a baby could not have ____47____ of abstract concepts.

46. A. absence

B. disappearance

C. return

D. sense

47. A. adaption B. imagination C. comprehension

D.satisfaction ( 8 ) .They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice…. When we handed him the bag of 52 ___

, he lit up and thanked us…(2015年全国卷I) 52. A. toys

B. medicine

C. food

D. clothes

真题操练：

It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The __1____is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by___2___situations that has designed for the ____3___children. There can be little doubt that___4____classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these____5____ out of the regular classes was created serious problems. I observed a number of___6___students who were taken out of a special class and placed in___7____class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying__8___on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect___9___on many problems. Some of which were not on the school program. Many are concerned that gifted children become___10____ and lose interest in learning. However, this___11____is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these___12___simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are

___13___. Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they___14_____so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an___15____ child. 1: A．principle

B．theory

C．arguments

D．classification 2: A．designing B．grouping

C．learning

D．living 3: A．smart

B．curious

C．mature

D．average 4: A．regular

B．special

C．small

D．creative 5: A．children

B．programs C．graduates

D．designs 6: A．intelligent B．competent C．ordinary

D．independent 7: A．separate

B．regular

C．new

D．boring 8: A．specially

B．slightly

C．wrongly

D．heavily 9: A．directly

B．clearly

C．voluntarily

D．quickly 10: A．doubted

B．bored

C．worried

D．tired 11: A．concern

B．conclusion

C．reflection

D．interest 12: A．students

B．adults

C．scholars

D．teachers 13: A．talented

B．worried

C．learned

D．interested 14: A．believe

B．think

C．say

D．feel 15: A．outstanding B．intelligent C．anxious

D．ordinary