Learning about Language板书设计

The Present Perfect Passive Voice

现在完成时的被动语态

1 被动语态的七种形式：

⒈

一般现在时的被动语态

(am / is / are + v.-ed）

The classroom is cleaned every day. ⒉

一般过去时的被动语态

(was / were + v.-ed ）

The classroom was cleaned yesterday.

⒊

一般将来时的被动语态

(will / shall + be + v.-ed 或

+ be going to + be + v.-ed)

The classroom will be cleaned after school today. ⒋

现在进行时的被动语态

(am / is / are + being + v.-ed)

The classroom is being cleaned now. ⒌

过去进行时的被动语态

(was / were + being + v.-ed)

The classroom was being cleaned when I came in. ⒍

现在完成时的被动语态

(have / has + been + v.-ed ）

The classroom has been cleaned already.

⒎

带情态动词的被动语态

(情态动词

+ be + v.-ed)

The classroom must be cleaned twice a day.

2. 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是:

have / has been + done

1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 注意：现在完成时的被动语态：

have / has + been + v.-ed

现在完成进行时的主动语态：have / has + been + v.-ing

它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上，现在完成时的被动态接的是过去分词

(v.-ed), 现在完成进行时的主动语态接的是现在分词

(v.-ing)。

The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years. I have been working for four hours up to now.

1. 强调行为动作的承受者。

The old temple has been rebuilt.

2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。

The door has been locked.

（我或别人现在进不去）

3. 动作或状态始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去。

He has been told about it for many times.

（可能还会有人告诉他）

4. 用在时间与条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。

We’ll go home as soon as the work has been finished.

1. 副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。

如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed.

[正] Such a man has hardly been believed. 2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

① happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

②

open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误] The door has been opened of itself.

[正] The door has opened of itself.

3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：

The SARS patients have been taken good care of.

4. 一些特殊动词, 如

borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join 等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则需改换动词或时态。

如：

My brother has had (不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

How long has the computer been bought?

How long has the computer been had?

When was the computer bought?

⒈

把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

⒉

把谓语变成被动结构

(be＋过去分词)

(动词的时态不能变) ⒊

把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。

We have already finished the work.

The work has already been finished by us.

⒋

双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一

个保留不动。

主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given to him. 注意：当直接宾语作主语时，间接宾语之前要加to或for 。

⒌

带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来

的宾补保留不动, 改称主语补足语。

主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you.

Look at the way your face has been washed

Look at the way your hair has been combed

Look at the way your shoes have been cleaned

You’d better do them again.

Look at the way the flowers have been planted

Look at the way the grass has been cut

Look at the way the paths have been swept

I hope that you’ll come here again.