Learning about Language优质课教案推荐

Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

Period1 编写：李慧

学习目标: 1阅读课文,了解生命的起源以及生命进化过程

2掌握语篇结构

自主学习

《非常学案》单词及短语

合作探究：

I.篇章结构：

阅读Reading部分，思考：

How life began on the earth ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ II.语篇理解

阅读Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案

1．What is the right order according to the text?①Animals appeared and spread.

②The forming of the earth. ③Plants appeared.

④Difference between the earth and other planets. A．②③④①

B．②④③①

C．③④②①

2．What is the main cause that life was able to develop on the earth but not on other planets? A．The earth had a solid shape.

B．Water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.C．The earth was not too hot or too cold.WWW.ziyuanku.com 来源：ziyuanku.com WWW.ziyuanku.com 3．From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is________. A．confident

B．sad

C．concerned 4．What does the word “they” refer to in the sentences “It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and...”？

A．Planets.

B．Gases.

C．Fire and rock.

5．It can be inferred from the text that________. A．after the “Big Bang”，

what the dust was to become remained a mystery B．the plants multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygen C．plants played an important part in the appearance of the animalsIII.句型背诵

1.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

2.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface. 更为重要的是当地球平静下来时，水开始在地球表面出现了。

3．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的发展成为可能。

4．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

来源：ziyuanku.com 达标练习中·华资源%库ziyuanku.comI.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

in time；

lay eggs；

give birth to；

in one's turn；

prevent...from；

be fundamental to

block out

cheer up

now that

be harmful to

1．A bird ____________in the nest it has built. 2．Luckily, we arrived at the station______________. 3．No matter what will happen，nothing and nobody can ____________the plan ________being carried out. 4．Smoking too much _______________ your health. 5．After the second competitor went off the stage，my son went onto the stage to perform_______________.中华资源%库中华资源%库6．He told us happily that his wife would _________________ a baby the next week and that he would be a father. 7．We put a curtain across the window to

the sunlight.

8．You ought to have a good rest

you’ve finished the work. 9．I do hope she can

and accept the challenge of life bravely! 10.The sun

to plants.

II课文缩写

The earth was just a cloud of d ________after the “Big Bang”. The earth __________(爆炸)loudly with fire and rock. They were in

t________ to produce many things, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve h________ gases. Then life began to develop. The first small plants m__________ and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the ____________(发展)of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects, reptiles and dinosaurs and so on appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals s________ all over the earth. They are putting too m_______ carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which ___________(阻止)heat from the earth into space. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will d ________on whether this problem can be solved.

Period2 language points

1.violent

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球开始变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

(2)When the man got drunk，he became very violent. 当喝醉酒时，这人变得很粗暴。

(3)Whatever happens，we will never use violence. 无论发生什么，我们决不会使用暴力。

[归纳拓展]

(1)violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的

(2)violently adv.猛烈地；凶猛地

(3)violence n.暴力；暴行；激情

with violence猛烈地；强有力地

take...by violence强夺……

2.unlike

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P26)Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but，unlike the earth，it had disappeared later. 在火星等其他行星上也出现了水，但不像在地球上一样，这些水后来消失了。

(2)It’s very unlike him to be so late. 迟到这么久可实在不像他平时的作风。

(3)He is likely to arrive a bit late. 他可能会晚到一会儿。

[归纳拓展]

(1)unlike prep.与……不同；不像；adj.不同的；相异的

It’s unlike sb.to do sth.做……不像某人平常的样子

(2)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的；未必会发生的

(3)likely adj.可能的

be likely to do sth.可能做某事

It’s likely that...有可能……

3.harmful

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

(2)This object gives off harmful gases which are harmful to our health. 此物散发出损害我们健康的气体。

(3)There is no harm in writing down your name on the form. 在表格里写下你的名字不会有什么坏处。

[归纳拓展]

(1)harmful adj.有害的

be harmful to...对……有害

(2)harmless adj.无害的

(3)harm n.损害；伤害；vt.对……有害；伤害；损害

do sb.harm(good)/do harm(good)to sb.对某人有害(好)处

There is no harm in doing sth.做某事无害处

4.exist

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。

(2)There exists a tall tree in front of my home. 在我家门前有一棵很高的树。

(3)Do you know when this kind of robot came into existence?

你知道这种机器人是什么时候问世的吗？

[归纳拓展]

(1)exist vi.存在；生存

exist in...存在于……中

exist on...靠……生活/生存

There exists...存在……；有……

(2)existence n.存在；生活

in existence现存的；现有的

come into existence产生；成立；开始存在

注意：exist没有被动语态和进行时。

5.puzzle

[语境感悟]资源%库(1)(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大难题之一。

(2)I’m in a puzzle as to how to get along with him. 对于如何和他相处我感到困惑。

(3)What puzzled me was why they had such a violent quarrel. 令我不解的是他们为什么发生了如此激烈的争吵。

[归纳拓展]

(1)puzzle n.谜；难题；vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难

be in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好

puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索

(2)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的

(3)puzzled adj.感到迷惑的

be puzzled about对……迷惑不解

1.in time

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other

gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。

(2)Fortunately，the firefighters arrived in time to save the child trapped in the building. 幸运的是，消防员及时赶到救下被困在大楼里的孩子。

(3)At no time in his life has he been braver than in that case. 他一生中从来没有像那一回那么勇敢。

[归纳拓展]

in time及时；终于；迟早；总有一天

on time准时；按时

at a time一次；每次

at one time曾经；一度

at times有时；偶尔

in no time马上；立刻

at no time绝不置于句首时，句子常用倒装

2.give birth to

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P26)These animals were different from all life forms in the past，because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. 这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们能生产幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。

(2)The scientist’s experiments gave birth to a new drug. 那位科学家的实验产生了一种新药。

(3)She is English by birth but French by marriage. 她是英国血统，但嫁给了法国人。

[归纳拓展]

give birth to产生；分娩

by birth出生；血统；天生地

at birth一出生；出生时

3.in one’s turn

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P26)Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。

(2)It will be in Tom’s turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到汤姆值日。

(3)All theories are from practice and in turn serve practice.

所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。

[归纳拓展]

in one’s turn轮到某人；接着

in turn依次；轮流；相应地；转而；反过来

by turns轮流；交替

take turns to do/in doing sth.轮流做某事

It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事

4.prevent...from...

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这就使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。

(2)Generally，parents don’t permit their kids to do dangerous things，so they always prevent the kids from taking chances. 一般来说，父母不允许孩子做危险的事情，因此他们总是阻止孩子们去冒险。

[归纳拓展]

prevent＋宾语＋from doing sth.stop＋宾语＋from doing sth.keep＋宾语＋from doing sth.阻止……做某事

keep sb.doing...使某人一直做……

protect...from/against...保护……不受……侵袭

(from/against后接能带来伤害或损害之物) 注意：在被动语态中，表示“阻止某人做某事”的三个短语都不能省略from。

[即时跟踪]

(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空

①Soldiers have been sent to prevent the fire (from) spreading(spread) to the next building. ②I don’t want to be here any longer；they have kept us waiting(wait) for them for a long time.

由whether引导的名词性从句

[语境感悟]

(1)(教材P26)So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

(2)Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。

(3)It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他是否去北京还不确定。

[归纳拓展]

教材原句是复合句，句中两个whether分别引导了两个名词性从句，前者为主语从句，后者为宾语从句。

使用whether而不用if的情况：

主从表从同位从，if不用whether用；

discuss和介词后，whether用来引宾从；

不定式，or not后面跟，whether独能显神通；

宾从如是否定句，if发挥其功能。

[即时跟踪]

(1)完成句子

①我不会问你问题来检查你是否读懂了这些书。

I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not.(2015·浙江) ②我们下周是否进行检测考试尚未确定。

Whether we’ll have a quiz next week remains to be seen. (2)单句改错

①I haven’t decided if

to buy the car. whetherWhether②

he attends the meeting，I’ll tell you about it on the phone.

If

Unit4 Period3 编写：李慧

学习目标： 1熟记和使用本节六个词组；2能熟练相关短语 自主合作探究：中·华资源%库ziyuanku.com6．exist vi.存在；生存

They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26) 它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。

归纳拓展：

①exist in存在于

exist on靠……生存

There exist(s)/existed...某地有/存在……

②existence n．存在；生存

come into existence开始存在；成立

in existence现存的；现有的

①There exists a tall tree in front of my home. 译：

小试牛刀：

用exist的适当形式填空

①He doesn't believe in the_______

_of ghosts.中华资源%库中华资源%库②Did huge animals____

___on the earth a long time ago? 7．give birth to产生；分娩

...because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.(P26) 因为它们生出幼仔，用自己的母乳喂养。

归纳拓展：

at birth出生时

by birth天生地；生来；在血统上

中华资源%库①Babies look the same at birth.

译：

②I'm a Chinese by birth. 译：

小试牛刀：

用birth的短语填空

①他说的话引起了一场争吵。

What he said_________

__a quarrel. ②据说杰克逊生来就是黑人。

Jackson was said to be a black man____

__. 8．in one's turn轮到某人；接着

Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.(P26) 它们的时代到来了，它们成了这个行星上最重要的动物。

When it was in my turn，I was too excited to speak.

译：

Ziyuanku.comZiyuanku.com 归纳拓展：

in turn依次；轮流；因此；因而

by turns轮流；依次

take turns to do sth./in doing sth.轮流做某事

It is sb.'s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事

The girls’ names were called out in turn.

译：

小试牛刀：

介词填空

①They should take turns_____

___looking after their old mother. ②The new couple of lovers did housework______

__ turns. 9．prevent...from...阻止，制止

They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.(P26) 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。

归纳拓展：

prevent /stop/ keep+ +宾语+from doing

阻止......干某事

protect...from(against)．..保护……不受……侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物) 【提示】其中keep后的from不可省

，prevent /stop后from可省

，用于被动语态中时，三个短语from都不能省略。）

小试牛刀：

单句改错

①Nothing could prevent him to go out even though it's bad weather.______________ ②The plan can be prevented being carried out. _________________ ③他们没有阻止他发表自己的观点。

译：_____________________________________________来源：ziyuanku.com 10．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.(P26) 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

此句为主从复合句。句中两个whether分别引导了两个名词性从句，分别在句中作主语及介词on的宾语。

It remains to be seen whether or not this idea can be put into practice.(whether引导主语从句)

这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察。

I'll see whether she's at home.(whether引导宾语从句)我来看看她在不在家。

思考：if 与whether的用法（什么时候只用whether不用if ）

小试牛刀：

完成句子

他喜不喜欢并没有什么关系。

It matters little_______________

________

达标练习：

I.按要求完成句子

1.

Nobody knows when the earth

(形成) 2.我们轮流做家务。

3.They were stopped/prevented from entering the burning building.译：

。

4.她拿不定主意是该留下来还是离开。She was uncertain________________. 5.这是最令人迷惑的问题之一。This is _____________

___problems.

II.用介词填空

1.他靠卖水果生存。.He exists

selling fruits.

2.使我们大为高兴的是，我姐姐生了个健康的男孩

our great joy，my sister gave birth

a healthy boy.

Unit 4

Astronomy:

the science of the stars Period 5

Grammar: The subject clause

【回顾复习】

Check the home work (have a dictation of the language points) 【自主

合作

探究】

一．概述

在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有：

从属连词that、whether 关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；

关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。

（一）从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。

从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。

Whether she will come or not is still a question. That they will go is certain. 三、it作形式主语引导主语从句。

如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。

例如：

It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. It's strange that he didn't come yesterday. It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing. It is said that there was a terrible plane crash this morning.四、由关系代词引导的主语从句。

（1）关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语，不能省略。

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. What you have done might do harm to other people. 、。

What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. Who made the long distance call is not important. （2）what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件事情，这种用法的what称为关系代词型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。

What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone. Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。

五、关系副词引导的主语从句。

连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。

Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone. How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. Where she has gone is not known yet. When they will start has not been decided yet.

【当堂达标】1. _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

A. What

B. That

C. The fact

D. The matter 2. _________ he doesn't like them is very clear.

A. What

B. That

C. Which

D. Where 3. The reason ________ nothing on earth is motionless is ________ the earth is in constant motion(运动).

A. why; that

B. that; why

C. of; that

D. that; because 4. _________ proves that my advice is right.

A. It will happen that

B. That has happened

C. What has happened

D. When it happens 5. _______I told you just now was _______ had been written in the letter.

A. What; what

B. That; that

C. Whether

D. If; who 6. ________studies hard will pass the examination.

A. Whoever

B. Any student

C. Who

D. Those who 7.Does ________ matter if he can't finish the job in time?

A. it

B. this

C. that

D. he 8. ________ is unknown to us all.

A. Where did he get it

B. Where he got it

C. That where he got

D. Which he got it 9. _______ he will be sent to Hainan is certain.

A. Why

B. Whether

C. That

D. How 10.

It isn't decided yet ________ we will attend the meeting.

A. if

B. why

C. that

D. whether

Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars Period 4 语言运用课

学习目标

1.Introduce a visit to the moon and train students’ reading ability.

2.Accumulate common knowledge about astronomy through the author’s experience,self-directed study and cooperation. 3.Be interested in astronomy by expressing yourself in English.

学习过程

Ⅰ.Reading activity

浏览文章内容,把握阅读速度;结合插图,猜测文章大意。

Task 1 Fast reading

1.Read the passage carefully and then describe the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping.

The way gravity changed Left the (1) earth In space (2) On the (3) moon

2.Read the passage carefully and then describe how his weight changed.

The weight changed Left the (1) earth In space (2) On the (3) moon

Task 2 Careful reading

1.It will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.

(1)翻译本句

。

(2)在as...as...结构中第一个as是

(词性),因此后面可以跟

、

;第二个as是

(词性)。

2.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. (1)翻译本句

(2)通过本句总结倍数的表达方式:

Ⅱ.Writing

学习建议:请根据写作指导完成写作任务。

If you were given the chance to travel to the moon,what problems do you think you would face?List one of the problems and think of a solution to solve it. Requirements: 1.First list the problem you might have on the moon. 2.List the possible solution. 3.How the solution help solve the problem. 4.The writing must be written about 120 words.

According to the above points,make an outline about the passage of expository writing:solving a problem.

A.Discuss with your partners how to solve your problem and then enrich your content.In the meanwhile,look up some new words in the dictionary.

B.Please finish the composition according to the above outline.

C.After finishing your writing,swap your composition with your partners and correct mistakes. D.Hand in your composition. 好词好句

1.I would be happy to accept the chance to...我非常高兴接受这样的机会……

2.If I visited the moon,perhaps I would face many problems.(虚拟语气)如果我登上月球,或许我会面临许多问题。

3.As far as we know据我们所知

写作要求:短文连贯,词数120左右,限时15分钟完成。

写作正文

课后作业

Polish your composition and hand it in. 参考答案

学习过程

Ⅰ.Pre-reading activity

Task 1 1.(1)The gravity became very strong. (2)The gravity disappeared. (3)It became very light. 2.(1)He became very heavy. (2)He had no weight and could float around like a feather. (3)He was about one-sixth of his weight on the earth. Task 2 1.(1)月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(2)副词;形容词;副词;连词

2.(1)当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍,因而,我摔倒了。(2)A+is+倍数+as+adj./adv.+as+B Ⅱ.Writing

参考范文

I would be happy to accept the chance to travel to the moon.But if I visited

the moon,perhaps I would face many problems.One of the problems I might have:How should I stop my food floating away.I would have to take all my food with me if I went to the moon.As far as we know,in the spaceship there is no gravity so the food would float around if it was solid.So I would make sure that it is specially made as liquid space food.I can put my liquid space food in a cub and then I would be able to eat it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw to eat it.It would solve the problem.

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

Period5 writing 【学习目标】学习产品介绍、广告类作文的写作

【教学重点】从 ideas. Sentence patterns .link words 三个方面着眼写出一个说明文。

【教学难点】Ask the students to use advanced words and structures.

【知识链接】

get along 相处融洽，进展等

get on 上车

等)。

get to 到达

break down 打破; 毁掉; 破除; 坍塌; 坏掉

get down to 开始认真对待，开始认真考虑

get through 到达；通过；办完，花光(钱、时间break in 破门而入; 打断 break away from 脱离; 打破陈规

break through 突围; 突破; 冲垮; 克服

break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解

break one's word/promise 食言; 说话不算数

【自主预习】

英语广告类的题材一般为应用问题，

即说明文或书信（有时也可能以留言条方式）等。

因此，

它的体裁应具有书信的特点，

即应有开头用语，

如 I’m writing for …..I’d like to ….., Welcome to …

等

；

有正文，也有结束语，如please write back to tell me …. ,

Ihope …., So, why not ….? Please let me know if ….. 等。

解题方法： 1.

抓住物品或事物的特征

2.

遵循一定的描写顺序（如外观颜色、形状等由表及里；然后在深入描写一些隐性的东西，如它的功能和作用）

3.

用准时态和语态——一般现在时。

【预习疑问】

【课堂探究】

学校网站新开设了一个“英语写作”栏目（column ）, 以便学生发表（post）

英语作文，

进行交流，提高写作能力。现请你为该栏目写一篇英文介绍，内容包括：

1.

开设目的

；2栏目优势；教师在线（online）指导等

； 3 作文要求；

内容贴近学生生活

4. 优秀作文的鼓励办法 5. 邀请大家参与

注意：词数 100左右 Welcome to the column “ English Writing “! ……

Step 1 此篇书面表达题要求介绍学校网站新开设的“英语写作”

栏目，

其特征就是它的开设目的和栏目优势。

Step2 此篇“英语写作”栏目介绍，

可按照其重要性安排写作的顺序，

即：目的-——优势——要求——鼓励办法。

根据题目所给提供信息，

我们可拟出如下提纲：

开设目的

：post their English composition , communicate with each other , improve their writing ability 栏目优势: teacher’ s guide on line 作文要求: be related to the students’ life 鼓励办法: reward for

Step 3 此篇短文的时态主要应使用一般现在时态，其中可能到现在完成时和将来时，有些地方要用到被动语态。如：

The school website has set up a new column called “ English Writing” The writer will be rewarded for his good composition . 写作练习：

Welcome to the column “English Writing __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【总结反思】

Welcome to the column “English Writing Recently the school website has se up a new column called “English Writing”

,

which provides students with the chances to post their compositions and communicate with each other . Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way, but they can strengthen their self-confidence. The conlumn has lots of advantages . It is the teacher’s guide on line that has an advantage over other columns . If necessary , the students can have a direct “

ask and answer “

with professional teachers . It is required that the composition should be related to the students’ life . What’s more , If it is orgnized well enough , the writer will be rewarded for it . Hoping for the students’partcipation .

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Period6 summary

Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写

1．system 2．theory 3．crash 4．pull 5．float n．

n.

vi.&vt. 系统；体系；制度

学说；理论

碰撞；坠落

拉(力)；拖；牵引力

(使)浮动；(使)漂浮

漂浮物

猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的

暴力

猛烈地

像

不同；不像

不喜欢

害处

对……有害

n．&vt. vi.&vt. n. adj.

n.

adv.

prep.

prep.

6．violent →violence →violently 7．like →unlike →dislike 8．harm

vt.&n. n. vt.

→harmful 9．exist →existence 10．puzzle adj.

vi. 有害的

存在；生存

存在

(使)迷惑；(使)为难

谜；难题Ziyuanku.com n. vt.&vi. n. adj.

adj.

adj.

adv.

→puzzled →puzzling 11．gentle →gently Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记

12．astronomy n．

13．atmosphere n. 14．fundamental adj.

15．chain n. 16．gravity n. 17．satellite n. 迷惑不解的

令人迷惑的

温和的；文雅的

温柔地；温和地

天文学

大气层；气氛

基本的；基础的

链子；连锁；锁链

万有引力；重力

卫星；人造卫星

高频短语——会默写

1．in time 2．be harmful to/do harm to 3．in one's turn 4．prevent...from 5．cheer up 6．now that 7．break out 8．watch out for 9．lay eggs 10．give birth to 11．block out 及时；终于

对……有害

轮到某人；接着阻止；制止

感到高兴；感到振奋

既然

突发；爆发

密切注意；当心；提防

下蛋

产生；分娩

挡住(光线)

教材原句——会背诵

句式仿写——能应用

Ziyuanku.com1.The earth became so violent that it 1.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清was not clear whether the shape would 楚。

last or not. (whether...or not 是否……)

It's not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not. 2.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. (make it ＋adj.＋to do sth.) 2.这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。

The girl knows three foreign languages，which makes it easier for her to find a good job. 3.But when I tried to step forward，3.新技术被引进后，这个工厂2016年生产的I found I was carried twice as far as

机器的数量是去年的两倍。

on the earth and fell over. (“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”倍数表达法) After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many machines in 2016 as last year.

精讲 4个考纲单词

harmful adj.有害的

[高考佳句]

Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.(2015年江苏高考·阅读理解B) 生产过程中产生的许多废料也是有害的。

(1)be harmful to sb./sth. (2)对某人/某物有害

对某人有害

(3)

do/cause harm to sb.

do/cause sb.harmThere is no harm in doing sth.

It does no harm to do sth.做某事没有坏处

①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their health.

有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。

②If you want to solve the problem in this way，there is no harm in calling him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。

[链接写作]

一句多译

众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。

①What is known to us is that drinking too much is harmful to your health．(harmful) ②It is known to us that drinking too much does harm to your health．(harm)

exist vi.存在；生存

[高考佳句]

If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist

today.(2016年全国乙卷·阅读理解)如果不是因为Rachel Carson，今天的环保运动就可能不存在。Ziyuanku.com(1)exist/live on sth. exist in There exist(s)．.. (2)in existence come into existence 靠某物生存

存在于

有/存在……

现存的；现有的

产生；存在

①You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on

the money he's earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。

②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)．关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种理论。

puzzle

vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难

n.

(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜

[教材原句]

How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。

(1)a puzzle be in a puzzle (2)puzzle about/over (3)puzzling adj.

puzzled adj.

be puzzled about 一件(让人感到)困惑的事情

感到困惑；不知如何是好

冥思苦想；苦苦思索

令人迷惑的

迷惑不解的；困惑的

对……迷惑不解

①What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone. 令我百思不解的是他为什么没有告诉任何人就离开了这个国家。

②Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us. 失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。

③The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled about the puzzling math problem.(puzzle)来源：ziyuanku.com她困惑的表情暗示了她对那个令人困惑的数学问题迷惑不解。

pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

[高考佳句]

On a family car trip，her Aunt Dede pulled

out a copy of Harry

potter，as a surprise for her niece.(2016年四川高考·完形填空) 在一次家庭汽车旅行中，她(Lainey)的姑妈Dede拿出一本《哈利·波特》，作为令她侄女惊奇的东西。

pull down pull in pull out pull through pull up

拆毁；摧毁

(车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠

驶出；拉出；拔出

康复；痊愈

(使)停住

①Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial；people are still looking for other possible solutions.WWW.ziyuanku.com这个区域的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议；人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。

②We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。

③Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not. 每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。

[链接写作]

句式升级

The train has pulled in(已进站停靠)and the passengers are boarding it now. →The train having pulled in，the passengers are boarding it now.(独立主格结构) 诠释3个核心短语

in time及时；终于；迟早

[高考佳句]

As a proverb goes“Where there is a will，there is a way.”Our efforts will pay off in time.(2014年山东高考·书面表达)常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。(1)in no time at no time Ziyuanku.com

立刻；马上

决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构)

at a time at one time at the same time from time to time (2)take one's time kill time

每次；一次

曾经；一度

同时

有时；偶尔

别着急；慢慢来

消磨时间

①We'll have that leak fixed in no time. 我们马上就把那个漏洞补上。

②At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.(2013年辽宁高考·单项填空) 他们确实没有违反比赛规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。

③At the same time，we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.(2015年天津高考·书面表达) 同时，我们将为你们的中文班带去大约500本图书。

in one's turn

轮到某人；接着

[经典例句] Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。

(1)in turn by turns (2)take turns to do sth. It is one's turn to do sth. 依次；轮流；反过来

轮流；交替地

轮流做某事

轮到某人做某事

①Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。

②I think it's my turn to drive (drive) the kids to school this week. 我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。

[链接写作]

句式升级

People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this in turn creates more problems(反过来造成更多的问题)．

→People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems．(定语从句)

cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋

[经典例句] I do hope she can cheer up

and accept the challenge of life bravely!

我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！(1)cheer sb.up cheer sb.on cheer for (2)Cheers! WWW.ziyuanku.com使某人振作起来

(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油

为……而欢呼

[口语](用于祝酒)干杯！

①When I'm feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。

②Let's go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team. 咱们去看足球比赛，为我们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。

突破2个高考句型

(教材P26)This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。

“make it ＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”中，it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。

“find/think/feel/consider＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.” it 为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。

①People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends. 在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。

②They made itclear to the public that they did an important and necessary job. 他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。

[链接写作]

一句多译

精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。

①Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.(不定式作宾语) ②Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively．(从句作宾语) (教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

twice as far as...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。

英语中常见的倍数表达法：

A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of B A＋倍数＋what 从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”

①The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one. ＝The red ruler is three times longer(long) than the yellow one. ＝The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one. 这个红尺子是这个黄尺子的三倍长。

②Jessica devoted twice more energy and time than she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time.杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。