Using LanguageⅠ教学设计第二课时

Module 2 Unit1 Grammar and Usage

Present perfect tense & present perfect continuous tense Teaching aims: 1.

Help Ss learn how to form and use the present perfect tense 2.

Help Ss learn how to form and use the present perfect continuous tense Teaching important and difficult points: 1. How to use these two tenses correctly. 2. Distinguish the differences between the present perfect tense and the past simple tense. Teaching methods: 1. Reading

2. Comparison

3. Introduction

4. Practice

Teaching procedures: Step one: Lead- in

1. The form of the Present perfect tense: have (has) +过去分词

Make Ss to look at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reason why they are used. 1) We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago. 2) They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then. 3) The student is doing her homework. She hasn’t finished it yet.

4) Eric left home last year and has just come back. Take sentence one as an example: The time we began to study English was at a definite time in the past, so we use the past simple tense. But the action study happens again and again, so we use the present perfect tense. Tell Ss: When an action happens over a period of time that began in the past and continues to the present, the present perfect tense is often used.

[设计说明] 此部分用来引入时态现在完成时态，初步了解其用途。

Step two: Reading

Ask Ss to read point 1—6 on page 8 and explain the reasons why they are used in these sentences. 1) Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present. 2) I have not seen Justin since last Friday night. Note : We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past and is still happening now. 3) I haven’t seen your for ages.

He has just gone out. It has been very cold lately. She has already finished her homework. He hasn’t seen her since the meeting.

Note:

We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as: already

yet

ever

just

lately

never

recently

since

for We use already for affirmative statements, yet for negative statements. We use for + a period of time, since + a point in time. 4) He has just gone out.(= He went out a few minutes ago.) I have just heard the news. (= Now I know the news.) Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. 5) They say that they have been to America many times. Note: We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three times…

[设计意图】

此环节是课堂重点。应逐个详细介绍现在完成时使用场合，并鼓励学生自己创设情境使用相关时态。

Step three: Comparison Present perfect or past simple tense? Look at the sentences and find the differences: 1) Tom has rung up three times this morning. Now it is still in the morning. 2 )Tom rang up three times this morning. Now it is not still in the morning. 3) Bill has smoked since he left school. He still smokes. 4) Bill smoked for six months. It means that he stopped smoking then. Note: The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past.

Sometimes, however, The present perfect tense used for the action finishes at the time of speaking.

e.g. 5) It has been very cold lately but it’s just beginning to get warmer. 6) On meeting someone, you may say: I haven’t seen you for ages. (But I see you now.)

7) Tom has had a bad car crash. He’s probably still in hospital now.

8) Tom had a bad car crash. He is probably out of hospital now. Note: The present perfect tense used for a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.

[设计意图】

此环节是课堂难点，可通过设疑提问从思想上激发学生的分析辨别能力，激活学生已有的相关知识。

Step four: Exercises Fill in the blanks on Page 8 【设计意图】

本部分及时运用巩固所学知识。

Step five: Reading and Introduction

Ask Ss to read point 1—3 on page 9. Tell Ss that we use present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way. The form of the Present perfect continuous tense：have (has) +been + doing Examples:

I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.

I’m so sorry I am late. Have you been waiting long?

its inside

【设计意图】

在这一环节是在学生基本了解现在完成时后的深化，掌握现在完成进行时，可通过时间轴，课件里的模拟情景让学生更直观了解动作发生的时间段，使学生身临其境, 激发学生学习的兴趣.

Step six: Exercises Fill in the blanks on Page 9

Step seven: Comparison Present perfect or present perfect continuous tense? 1) Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge. She is still reading the book. 2) Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge. She finished reading the book.

She knows the content of the book now. Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past, and the present prefect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.

3) I have visited Egypt twice this month. 4) I have been touring Egypt for two months. Note: The present perfect continuous tense can’t be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.

5) How long have you been swimming in the lake?

6) How many times have you swum in the lake? Note: We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.

A state verb or an action verb? a. I have had this camera for five years.

state verb b. I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. action verb c. I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.

state verb An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist. Note: We can use either a state verb or an action with the present perfect tense, but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense. A state verb doesn’t mean an action, so it can’t be used in a continuous tense.

e.g. They’ve always had a big garden.

How long have you known each other? He’s been in hospital since his accident.

7) I’ve never visited Paris.

8) I’ve already been to Paris.

Note: We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense, with the words like always, never, yet, already and ever.

9) How long have you been learning English? 10) How long have you learnt English? 11) It has rained for a long time. 12) It has been raining for a long time. Note: An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit,

study, wait, want, snow, etc.

[设计意图】

此环节也是课堂难点，可通过教师提示，由学生发现讲述运用区别

这样能促进学生主动思维并对相关知识有更深刻的印象。

Step eight :Practice

Exercises on page 11

[设计意图】

强化所学所有内容。

教学反思：动词时态是高中语法的重点，也是令学生头疼的语法知识，内容复杂容易混淆，而且需要记忆的知识也较多，教授过程中得多举例说明，让学生反复对比练习，慢慢摸索出

探究之路。