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Unit 3

Computers Learning about language The Present Perfect Passive Voice

1. 两种时态

1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词)

现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与

already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词, 如: be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。

一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况, 与现在毫无关系。

2) 现在完成进行时

(have/has + been + 现在分词)

2. 七种被动语态形式

1) 一般现在时的被动语态

(am/is/are+ 过去分词)

如: The work is done during two days.

2) 一般过去时的被动语态

(was/were+ 过去分词)

3) 一般将来时的被动语态

(will/shall + be + 过去分词或

+ be going to + be + 过去分词)

如: The work will be finished soon.

4) 现在进行时的被动语态

(is/am/are + being+ 过去分词)

如: The bridge is now being constructed.

5) 现在完成时的被动语态

(have/has +been + 过去分词)

如: The radio has been repaired when

we phoned the shop.

6) 带情态动词的被动语态

(情态动词

+ be + 过去分词)

如: This can be done in a few minutes.

7) 动词不定式的被动式

(to be + 过去分词)

如: It is an honor for me to be asked

to speak here. 现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。如：

1. The dirty clothes have been washed.

脏衣服都已经洗了。

2. The plan has been studied by the

experts for three times.

这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。

高考链接

1. I got caught in the rain and my

suit _______. (北京2007)

A. has ruined

B. had ruined

C. has been ruined

D. had been ruined 一、单项选择

1. Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown.

A. has set up

B. has been set up

C. was set up

D. is set up

2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off.

A. I’ve been told

B. I’ve told

C. I’m told

D. I told

二、改错

1. A personal computer has bought by us.

A personal computer has been bought

by us.

2. Many problems has been found with our new computer.

Many problems have been found with

our new computer.

三、用动词正确形式填空

1. First as a PC and then as a laptop, I

_______________ (use) in offices and

homes since the 1970s.

2. Over time my memory ______________

(develop) so much that, like an elephant,

I never forget anything I

__________________(told).

3. Since the 1970s many new applications

__________________ (find) for me.

四、用被动语态改写下列句子。

1.

They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now.