Learning about Language课时教案

Book 4 unit 2 Working the land

(Learning and Grammer) Date :2012.4.20 Written by :Sun Yongxia Checked by :Han Shuting and all the members of English Group

V-ing形式作主语和宾语

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ving形式一般由动词加ing构成，具有名词的一些特点，在句中可作主语和宾语。如：

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Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。

（ving形式作主语）

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I enjoy working with you.（ving形式作宾语) 

我很高兴和你们一起工作. 

一、作主语

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V-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: 

Collecting information is very important to businessmen. 

Doing morning exercises is good for health 

V-ing形式作主语时与不定式的区别: 

不定式作主语表示具体某一次的行为。

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V-ing形式作主语表示抽象或泛指的动作。

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实际运用中一般可互换,差异不大,但下列几种情况除外: 

①当表语是V-ing形式时,主语也要用V-ing形式;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式。如: 

Seeing is believing. (To see is to believe.) 眼见为实。

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②在It’s no use /no good/ a waste of time doing sth.等句型中一般用V-ing形式,而不用不定式。如: 

It is no good keeping this secret.此事不公开没有什么好处。

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It is a waste of energy arguing with her.和她争论是浪费精力。

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③在It is important/ necessary/ easy to do sth.,It is + adj. + for (of) sb. + to do sth.等句型中通常只能用不定式,而不使用V-ing形式。如: 

It is important for you to learn English well. 

It is very kind of you to help us.

常用v-ing形式作主语的句型

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动名词用于there be 和have 句型中。

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1。There is /was no /no sense in (没有道理)/no point in (没有意义)/no use /good in (没用处)＋v-ing

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2。There is /was nothing worse than +v-ing 

没有比这更糟的

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3. Sb. have little /some/ any / much/ a little /difficulty/trouble (in) doing

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4. There is some /any /much / little /a little difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth . 

5.Sb. have fun / a pleasure / a good time (in) doing sth.

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6.Ther is no need / good /use /hurry /harm (in ) doing sth.

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二、作宾语

V-ing形式可用作动词的宾语。如:

He finished reading the book yesterday.

She suggested our going there to help the farmers.

在admit, advise, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, leave off, mind等动词后面通常接动名词作宾语。

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动词need,require,want作“需要”解,deserve作“应得”解,其后接V-ing形式应用主动式,用不定式则使用被动式。如: 

The window needs (requires, wants) cleaning (to be cleaned). 

They deserved punishing (to be punished) for what they had done.

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V-ing形式也可用作介词的宾语。如: 

He apologized to the teacher for being late. 

Her family are all proud of having such a splendid house. 

但要注意用作介词to的宾语时,极易与不定式发生混淆。如: 

Let’s get down to repairing the machine. 

[误] Let’s get down to repair the machine. 

此类结构还有:in addition to除……外,admit to承认,devote oneself to献身于,be equal to能胜任;等于,be familiar to为……所熟悉,give one’s mind to专心于,keep on坚持,look up to尊敬,lead to导致,look forward to盼望,object to反对,pay attention to注意,point to指向,stick to坚持,be used to习惯于,turn to求助于。

动名词宾语歌

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face(正视，面对) prevent (阻止，阻碍) mind (介意，在意) avoid (避免，休要)dislike (不喜欢，厌烦)enjoy(欣赏，喜欢) advise (建议，劝) resist (抵抗，忍耐) encourage(鼓励) keep(on)(继续，坚持) practise (练习，实践) give up (放弃) suggest (建议)imagine (想象) fancy (幻想，想象) consider (考虑) put off/postpone(推迟) delay (耽搁) finish (完成－毕) can’t help(不禁，禁不住) miss (错过) excuse (原谅) save (省去－挽救) 

面对阻碍别在意，休要厌烦应欢喜。

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劝君忍耐多自励，坚持实践莫放弃。

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建议想像和考虑，推迟耽搁万事毕。

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禁不住考验错过好时机。

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岂能原谅挽救你自己。

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V-ing 也可以用作介词的宾语

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think of , dream of

object of

pay attention to

prevent …..(from)

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Stop …..(from)

keep ….(from)

be engaged in

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look forward to

depend on

feel like

devote ….to

spend …in doing

waste ….in doing

be (get) used to

be fond of

be proud of

be good at

do well in

turn to

be experienced in

thank ….for

be responsible for 

excuse ….. for

be tired of (from)

lead to

result in

be sorry for

succeed in

set about

be successful in

be busy (in) doing 等等

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练习：

(1)(2009·上海－39)David threatened________his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. A．to be reported

B．reporting

C．to report

D．having reported (2)(2009·上海－35)Bill suggested________a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A．having held

B．to hold

C．holding

D．hold

(3)(2009·陕西－12)I still remember________to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A．to take

B．to be taken

C．taking

D．being taken

(4)(2008·上海－35)Something as simple as________some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. A．to drink

B．drinking

C．to be drinking

D．drunk (5)(2008·江西－24)I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention________when we talked on the phone. A．to promote

B．having been promoted

C．having promoted

D．to be promoted (6)(2010·河南省焦作市高一下期末)—Summer vacation is approaching. Have you decided how to spend it? —Well, I consider________an English training centre to improve my spoken English. A．to attend

B．attending

C．to be attending

D．attend (7)(2010·上海春招)________well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university. A．Do

B．Doing

C．Done

D．Being done (8)(2010·江苏镇江高一下期末)—Dad, our teacher suggests________widely to achieve progress in our writing. —It's up to you to________the decision. A．reading; make

B．to read; make

C．reading; making

D．to read; making 练习二：

1．(2007·辽宁)You can't imagine what difficulty we had________home in the snowstorm. A．walked

B．walk

C．to walk

D．walking 2．(2007·陕西)As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area________. A．need repairing

B．needs to repaid

C．needs repaining

D．need to repair 3．(2007·上海春－33)All the staff in our company are considering________to city centre for the fashion show. A．to go

B．going

C．to have gone

D．having gone 4．(2007·上海春－42)If your race car isn't insured, you may____losing everything when it hits something solid. A．delay

B．deny

C．avoid

D．risk 5．(2006·湖南－28)If you think that treating a woman well means always______her permission for things, think again. A．gets

B．got

C．to get

D．getting

6．(2006·江苏－32)—There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. —My goodness! I can't imagine________that old. A．to be

B．to have been

C．being

D．having been 7．(2006·陕西－13)It is difficult to imagine his______the decision without any consideration. A．accept

B．accepting

C．to accept

D．accepted 8．(2006·陕西－26)Isn't it time you got down to______the papers? A．mark

B．be marked

C．being marked

D．marking 9．(2006·北京－35)I can't stand________with Jane in the same office. She just refuses________talking while she works. A．working; stopping

B．to work; stopping C．working; to stop

D．to work; to stop 10．The police advise________out alone at night for the moment. A．not to go

B．not going

C．going not

D．not to have gone 练习三; 1．It's necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________the answers ready will be of great help. A．To have had

B．Having had C．Have

D．Having 2．—What made you so happy? —________the first prize. A．Get

B．Getting

C．Got

D．To get 3．I really appreciate________a great effort to help me out of the trouble. A．you to take

B．your to take C．your taking

D．your being taken 4．I still remember________to see films in the open air when I was small. A．to take

B．taking

C．being taken

D．to be taken 5．As a result of the serious flood, twothirds of the buildings in the area________. A．need repairing

B．needs to repair

C．needs reparing

D．need to repair 6．—You did very well at the meeting, Black. —Well, I regret________that to the boss. A．say

B．to say

C．said

D．having said 7．It is worth considering what makes“convenience”foods so popular, and________better ones of your own. A. introduces

B．to introduce

C．introducing

D．introduced