Learning about Language板书设计及设计说明

Unit 1 Cultural Relics Learning about language Teaching aims: 1. To learn the difference between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive clauses.

2. To learn the usage of “as’ in the Non-restrictive Attributive clauses.

Teaching important points: 1. To learn the difference between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive clauses.

2. To learn the usage of “as’ in the Non-restrictive Attributive clauses.

Teaching difficult points: To learn the usage of “as’ in the Non-restrictive Attributive clauses. Teaching aids: a projector and a computer Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Revision

Task 1 Try to find the attributive clauses on page of Reading (Page 1-2).(课前预习) 1.

This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 2.

The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. 3.

It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about 10 years to make. 4.

However, the next king of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 5.

Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 6.

In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 7.

This was a time when the two countries were at war.

8.

There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which

was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 9.

In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th

birthday of their city. 引导定语从句的关系词

指代人:

who/whom/that

指代事物:

which/that 所属关系:

whose

指地点:

where 指时间:

when

指原因:

why Finish the attributive clauses below: 1. The lesson __________ we studied yesterday was hard to understand.

2. You can take any book __

__ interests you best. 3. People like to live in a place ___

__ there’s fresh air and little noise.

4. The girl __________ you saw at the meeting is a well-known swimmer. 5. He is the very worker __

___ picture we saw in the newspaper yesterday. 6. He was very happy on the day __

__ he entered the university. 7. I never really understand the reason __

__ he made such a serious mistake 8. The young lady _

__ wears a white blouse is my elder sister.

9. The tall boy, __

_ is sitting there, plays basketball very well. (which / that, that, where/ in which, whom / that, whose/ of whom, when/ on which, why/ for which, who, who)

Step 2 Grammar learning Task 1. Observing, finding and thinking the difference between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive clauses. 区别一：形式不同

Example 1: What’s the difference between No. 8 and No. 9?



Conclusion 定语从句分为限制性定语从句(restrictive)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)。

限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号；

非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。

区别二：功能不同

Example 2: 试着删掉下列句中的定语从句再理解句子，看看有什么不同。

People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。

(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。

(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 

Conclusion 限定性定语从句用于对先行词起修饰、限制和识别作用，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。

区别三：翻译不同

Example 3：翻译下列句子。

He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。

I’ ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。



Conclusion 非限制性定语从句译成汉语时，通常译成两句话；而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。

区别四：含义不同

Example 4：翻译再比较下面的两个句子：

1. I have a sister who / that works in a hospital.

我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。（不只一位姐姐）

2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.

我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一位姐姐）

3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him.

里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。（杂志不止一类）

4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them, were written by him.

所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。（杂志只有一类）

区别五：先行词不同

Example 5：比较下面的两个句子：

1. This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month.

这是限制性定语从句，which指代the house.（可以/不可）省略。

2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这是非限制性定语从句，which指代the house. （可以/不可）省略。

3. Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 这是非限制性定语从句，which指drive too fast 4. He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 这是非限制性定语从句，which指整个主句



Conclusion 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。

Example 6：

1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. 先行词是his father, 这是非限制性定语从句。

2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing quickly. 先行词是Shanghai, 这是非限制性定语从句。



Conclusion 当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。

区别六：关系词不同

Example 7：

1. The house that I bought last month has got a lovely garden. 2. Can you tell me the reason why the car broke down? 3. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 

Conclusion

关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，As 只用于非限制性定语从句。

Task 2 Observing, finding and thinking the usage of “as” in the Non-restrictive Attributive clauses. Example 8：

1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 2. Einstein, as is known to all, is a famous scientist. 3. He is an old kind farmer, as anybody can see. 4. He kept silent all night, which was surprising. 

Conclusion 关系代词as 和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句。

相同点：都可以指代主句的全部内容或部分内容。

不同点：1）位置不同：as 可位于句首，句中或句末; which只位于主句之后。

2）译成汉语不同：as常译为“正如…，就如…”；which无此意。

3）as常用在一些固定结构中：

as we know 正如我们所知道的那样

as is known to all 众所周知

as we all can see 正如我们大家都能看到的那样

as is often the case 情况常常是这样

as might be expected 正如所预料的那样

as (it) often happens 像往常一样

Step 3 Exercises.

1. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010 浙江)

A. whom

B. which

C. them

D. those 2. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather. (2010 全国I) A. which

B. where

C. what

D. that

3. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, ______turned out to be

a wise decision. (2010 四川) A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where 4. The newly-built cafe, the walls of _____are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. (2010江苏) A. that

B. it

C. what

D. which 5. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011 辽宁）

A. which

B. where

C. who

D. that 6. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator , _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.（2011 江西）

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. while 7. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made all the others upset.（2011四川）

A. who

B. which

C. what

D. that 8. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _________had taken more than three years.（2011 广东）

A．for which

B．with which

C．of which

D．to which 9. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, __

__ made the others envy him.

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. which 10. The English play, _

___ my students acted at the New Year’s party ,was a great success.

A. for which

B. at which

C. in which

D. on which 11. There were dirty marks on her trousers ___

_ she had wiped her hands.

A. where

B. which

C. when

D. that 12. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, __

__ it was so poorly equipped.

A. when

B. which

C. what

D. that (1-5 AABDB

6-10 CBCDC

11-12 AA) Step 4 Homework 1.Find out more attributive sentences in the textbook.

2.Finish the exercises

3. Prepare for the dictation.