Learning about Language教案2

Unit1 Cultural relics Period 4 Language Study-- Grammar

The happiest people are those who can really appreciate the beauty of life. 最幸福的人们懂得欣赏生活的美好。

Learning Aims:

Grammar: The Attributive Clause ( the Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause ) Step 1

Lead-in 1) Finish Ex. 3 on Page 4 in your books.

2) Make clear to the students what the Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause is by giving examples.

Step 2

Thinking

Grammar: Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句

一、限制性定语从句

请观察下列句子

1. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. 2. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peters- burg where she spent her summers. 3. This was a time when the two countries were at war. 4. Do you know the student whose name is Wang Ping? 5. The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 6. The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. 结论：限制性定语从句与先行词的关系很_______，是不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用______分开，关系代词有时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有that, _______, ________, ________, _______, _______等，关系副词有_______, _______, ________。

二、非限制性定语从句

请观察下列句子

1. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. 2. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the Amber Room belonged, decided not to keep it. 3. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the

country’s best artists about ten years to make.

4. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 【学习笔记】

5. I have two sisters, who are both doctors. 6. Last Sunday, they reached Shanghai, where a meeting was to be held.

结论：非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些______说明，如果去掉，不会影响主句的明确或完整句意，主句和从句之间往往用______隔开。

非限制性定语从句不可使用关系词_______, _______引导，但关系代词who, ________, ________, ________, ________, of ________, of ________和关系副词_______, ________均可引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词作宾语时，不能省略。

三、非限制性定语从句引导词的选择

关系代词的选择

A．非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用______。指人时，如引导词作主语用______，作宾语用_______；指物时要用_______。即使引导词作宾语也不能省略。

①Mary，who is from Australia，is an old friend of mine．

玛丽是我的老朋友，她来自澳大利亚。

②The book，which our teacher bought yesterday，is very interesting．

我们老师昨天买的那本书很有意思。

B．as和which的选择



as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末且as或which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可______。

He failed in the exam，which／as was natural．

(作主语)

He is an honest boy，which／as anybody can see．

(作宾语)

The man seemed a German，which／as in fact he was．

(作表语) 

但要注意以下区别：

(1)如果非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中，只能用as。

As we have seen，oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth．

This kind of computer，as is well-known，is out of date．

(2) as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的_______；which 在从句中作主语，其后常跟行为动词的_______。

A big earthquake occurred in Xinjiang last night，as was reported on TV．

He passed the exam，which made his parents very happy，

(3) _____引导的从句在意义上与主句意义一致，表“正如”，而________ 引导的定语从句不受此限制，所引导的定语从句既可以是肯定又可以是否定。

Chang'e Ⅱ

has been launched successfully，as was expected．嫦娥二号发射成功，正如所预料的那样。(语意一致) The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn't expected．试验的结果很好，这是我们没预料到的。(语意不一致) 【学习笔记】

(4) as常用在一些固定结构中，如as we know／as is known to all（众所周知），as we all can see（正如我们大家都能看到的那样)，as is often the case (情况常常是这样)，as might be imagined（可以想象得到），as might be expected(正如所预料的那样)，as has been pointed out (正如所指出的那样)，as has been said before／above（正如前文所述），as (is) often happens（像往常一样）。

She has been absent again，as often happens．像往常一样，她又缺席了。

Jack has won the first prize，as might be expected．正如所预料的那样，杰克获得了一等奖。

(5) 当_______在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用_____代替。

The dog，which we saw in the street yesterday，is Mary’s．

C．关系代词和关系副词的选择

在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样：引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系______；作状语时用关系______。

The old man has a daughter，who is a doctor．

(who作主语)

I experienced a hard situation in 2000，where nobody could help me．

(where 作状语) 注意：

(1) 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是_______，也可以是______。试比较：

This is the best film that 1 have ever seen．

(先行词是film)

The film，which I saw last night，is very interesting．

(先行词为film)

The film is very interesting，which makes me very glad．(先行词为“The film is very interesting”所表达的内容)

(2) that，why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，要用______代替that，________代替why。

I didn't pass the exam，that disappointed my teacher.

(误)

I didn't pass the exam，which disappointed my teacher．(正)

I have told them the reason，why I didn't attend the meeting．(误)

I have told them the reason，for which I didn't attend the meeting．(正)

(3) 关系代词替代情况不同。

关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可用______代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时则不可用who来代替。

This is the boy whom／who l met at the theatre．

A young man had a new girlfriend，whom he wanted to impress．

在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词可用who、that或whom，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用_____或

______。

Tom has a brother，that is a worker．(误)

Tom has a brother，who is a worker．(正)

(4) 在翻译时，含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。

She has a brother who works in a hospital．她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。

She has a brother，who works in a hospital．她有一个哥哥，他在医院工作。

Step 3

Testing 1. I have many friends, ______ some are businessmen. 2. ______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the

meeting.

3. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects

the people are still suffering.

4. Her sister has become a lawyer, ______ she wanted be. 5. The CCTV Tower, ______ base is an electrical equipment shop, is frequently

visited by travellers. 6. He wrote a letter ______ he explains what had happened in the accident. 7. ______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the

doctor arrived. 8. We have launched another man-made satellite, ______ is announced in

today’s newspaper.

9. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family

members.

【学习笔记】

10. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ______ made

one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.

11. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ______ urgently

needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. 12. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as

important as sales. 13. In our class there are 46 students, ______ half wear glasses.

14. That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working

very late.

We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. 我们都生活在阴沟里，但仍有人仰望星空。

——

瓦尔德