Using LanguageⅡ板书设计

Section_Ⅱ

Learning_about_Language

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．swoop vi.

2．parcel n.

3．peck vt. & vi.

4．cliff n.

突降；猛扑

小包；包裹

啄食

悬崖；峭壁

5．expedition n．远征；探险(队)→expeditionary adj.远征的；探险的

6．compulsory adj.

必须做的；必修的

7．reform n．改革；革新

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

1．far away from

2．next to

3．be determined to do sth.

4．set out

5．so as to

6．owing to

7．be recognized as

Ⅲ.常用句型必备

1．Once_there，it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest. 2．There_seemed_to_be_nowhere_to_hide but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it. 3．He had not_only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration，but_also a real concern for sailors' health. Ⅳ.单元语法聚焦

The Predicate(谓语动词) 远离

仅邻着

决定做某事

出发；动身

为了(做) 由于

被认定为

[单词点击]

1．swoop vi.

猛扑(常与down连用)；突降

The bird swooped down to the lake. 这只鸟猛扑到湖上。

The children swooped down to the pile of presents. 孩子们向那堆礼物冲了过去。

完成句子

[即境活用1]

(1)The aircraft________________(俯冲) over the fields in search of its target. (2)We watch the hawk________________(扑向) its prey. 答案：(1)swooped down

(2)swoop on 2．compulsory adj.必须做的；必修的；被强迫的，义务的

Is English a compulsory subject？英语是必修科目吗？

Education is compulsory in Britain. 在英国实行义务教育。

compulsory adj.强制的――→optional adj.可任选的

compel vt. 强迫――→opt vt.选择

Chinese is a compulsory subject on this course；art is optional. 这个课程里，汉语是必修科目，美术是选修科目。

[即境活用2]

Education is________for all children in many countries. A．compulsive

C．demanded

B．compulsory D．claimed 反义词反义词解析：选B

compulsive强迫性的；情不自禁的；作“强迫的”时，指一般的外力所迫使；demanded被强烈要求的，强调有权利或需要坚持得到，有时表现出一种跋扈专横；claimed合理要求的，强调有权或宣称有权得到所需要的；compulsory指法律或规章的强制性，义务教育是法律规定的。因此B项正确。

[短语精析]

1．be determined to do“决定/心做某事”，为系表结构，着重于有决心的状态，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

He is determined to become a teacher. 他决心当一名教师。

I am determined to do better than Mike. 我决心比迈克做得更好。

determine to do sth.

[动作]决定做某事

determine that ...

决定……

He determined to set out early.他决定早点动身。

[即境活用3]

He started working hard at his lessons，________to get the first place. A．determine

C．determining

B．determined D．to determine 解析：选B

此处为分词短语作状语，表示状态。

2．set out出发，动身

They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他们动身踏上最后一段行程。

set out to do sth.

set about doing sth.

She sets out to break the world record. 她一心努力打破世界纪录。

[即境活用4]

He________on a pleasant journey tomorrow morning. A．will set about

C．will set up

B．will set out D．will set down 开始做某事

开始做某事

解析：选B

set about开始做某事；set out出发，动身；set up搭配，建起；set down写下，放下。B项符合句意。

3．so as to为了……

He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他早起床是为了赶上早班车。

so as to，in order to

(1)两者均为动词不定式作目的状语时的特殊结构。so as to不能位于句首；in order to既可位于句首，也可位于句中或句末。

(2)两者均可扩展为结果状语从句，即so that-从句或in order that-从句。同样so that-从句不能位于句首。

(3)注意：so as to(以便，为了)，为目的状语；so...as to(如此……以至于……)，为结果状语。

句型转换

[即境活用5]

We do morning exercises so as to build our body→

①____________________build our body，we do morning exercises. ②We do morning exercises____________________ we could build our body. ③We do morning exercises____________________we could build our body. 答案：①In order to

②so that

③in order that 4．owing to由于，因为

They could not cross the river owing to the flood. 由于洪水，他们不能过河。

Owing to the immediate danger of war，there will be an extraordinary meeting of Parliament tonight. 由于即将发生的战争危险，今晚议会将召开特别会议。

表示“因为”的常见短语还有：because of, due to, thanks to, as a result of, on account of

句型转换

[即境活用6]

Because of his careless driving，we had a bad accident. →________________his careless driving，we had a bad accident. 答案：Owing to 5．be recognized as被认定为

Bell is recognized as the first person to invent the telephone.贝尔被认定为发明电话的第一人。

recognize是“认出”以前know“认识”的人或物。

recognize sb./one's voice/handwriting

recognize one's mistake

recognize sb.as/to be...

认出某人/某人的声音/字迹

承认某人的错误

承认某人是……

I have known him for ten years.But I didn't recognize him just now because he had changed so much. 我认识他十年了。但他变化太大了，我刚才没有认出来。

[即境活用7]

We haven't seen for a long time，and I didn't________you at the first sight. A．know

C．hear

B．recognize D．listen 解析：选B

recognize为“认出”；know为“认识”。故B项符合此处句意。

[句型归纳]

1．Once_there，it shook itself and threw Samuel in the approximate direction of the nest.

一旦到了那儿，它就摇动全身并把塞缪尔扔向了约是它窝巢的那个方向。

once there是状语从句once it was there的省略形式。在状语从句中，

经常见到这种省略现象。若(时间、条件、地点、让步、方式或比较等)状语从句能够满足以下两个条件，从句就可以使用省略形式：

(1)恰当的从属连词。常用的有when，where，if，once，while，as，as if，though，whenever，than等；

(2)从句主语与主句主语指的是相同的人或物，或者从句的主语是it，且从句谓语有be动词。这时可以省略从句的主语和be动词。

I'll go and pick you up if (it is) necessary. 如有必要，我开车去接你。

She picked up some English when (she was) in Washington.在华盛顿时，他学了些英语。

The conference went smoothly though (it was) not organized properly.尽管会议组织得不好，却很顺利。

When (she was) asked about her families，she began to weep.当问到她的家庭时，她开始抽泣。

[即境活用8]

When first________to the market，these products enjoyed great success. A．introducing

C．introduce

B．introduced D．being introduced 解析：选B

主句的主语与从句的主语都是these products，所以从句可用省略形式。主语与introduce之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词。

2．There_seemed_to_be_nowhere_to_hide but then he noticed lots of seaweed on his left and quickly hid under it.

似乎是没有地方可以藏身，但是后来他注意到在他的左边有一些水草并且他迅速地藏在了水草下面。

There seems/appears to be...看起来好像有……

There seems to be something wrong with it. 它好像有点儿毛病。

there be结构中可以加上一些词表示特殊的意义，类似的还有：

There must be...

There may be...

There happens to be...

There used to be...

一定有

可能有

碰巧有

过去常有

There is going to be...

There will be...

There is said/reported(/...)to be...

将要有

将会有

据说/报道(……)有……

What a pity my new computer doesn't work.There must be something wrong with it. 很遗憾，我的新电脑不好用了。它一定是坏了。

There happens to be a mistake.碰巧有一个错误。

there be句型中容易出错的地方：

(1)不能用has或have代替there be句型中的be。

(2)there being结构在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句，因此主句中就不再用任何连词。

There being no bus, we had to walk home. ＝There was no bus, so we had to walk home. 没有公交车了，因此我们只好步行回家。

单句改错

[即境活用9]

(1)There has a baby over there. ________________________________________________________________________ (2)There being no further business，so the chairman closed the meeting. ________________________________________________________________________ (3)There is report to be a number of the wounded on both sides. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：(1)has改为is

(2)去掉so

(3)report改为reported 3．He had not_only an outstanding ability in navigation and exploration，but_also a real concern for sailors' health.他不但有杰出的航海和探险本领，而且真正关心水手的健康。

not only...but also“不但……而且……”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词要和临近的主语在人称和数上保持一致；连接谓语动词时，not前不可有助动词；连接分句时，若not only位于句首，not only分句要用倒装语序。

Not only you but also I am responsible for it. 不仅你而且我也有责任。

Not only was everything he had taken away from him，but also his citizenship.不仅他所有的一切都被带走了，而且他的国籍也被没收了。

[即境活用10]

________ to help us, but he also wanted to lend us some money. A．Not only promised he

B．Not only did he promise

C．Not only he promised

D．Not only he did promise 解析：选B

not only放在句子开头连接分句时，not only所在的分句需要用部分倒装。

谓

语

动

词

谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。

1．及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词

(1)需要跟宾语的动词为及物动词。及物动词后面可以跟单宾语、双宾语或者复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)。

①单宾语

He made the shortest speech I've ever heard. 他做了我所听过的最短的演讲。

②双宾语

Mr.Schell wrote New

York

Times a letter the other day. 几天前Schell 先生给《纽约时报》写了一封信。

③宾语＋宾语补足语(常用于使役动词、感官动词、介词with，without，like以及其他部分动词后面。) Have you found English difficult to speak? 你发现英语难说吗？

The big pine tree stood there like an umbrella covering the house. 耸立在那边的那棵大松树像一把雨伞遮住了房子。

(2)不需要跟宾语的动词是不及物动词。

Donald was lying on the bed.Donald躺在床上。

All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming. 所有的树叶都落了，冬天就要到来了。

①几个不及物动词后加同源名词时变成了及物动词

They are living a peaceful life.他们过着平静的生活。

He died a heroic death.他死得很英勇。

The girl laughed a merry laugh.女孩愉快地笑了。

He sighed a deep sigh.他深叹了一口气。

②许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词

父亲一生从不熏烟酗酒。He drank a good deal of coffee.他喝了太多的咖啡。He ran as fast as he could.Father never smoked or drank all his life.他尽快地跑。She ran a hotel in the centre of the city.她在市中心开了一家旅馆。

(3)连系动词虽然本身具有一定意思，但不能独立作谓语，需要带有表语才能构成谓语。

They have remained loyal to the government. 他们一直忠诚于政府。

His body was the color of bronze. 他的身体呈青铜色。

2．短语动词

(1)动词＋副词

Please put on your coat.请穿上大衣。

(2)动词＋介词

The other day I came across a foreigner in the countryside.几天前我在乡下碰见了一个外国人。

(3)动词＋副词＋介词

Please keep up with others.请跟上其他人。

3．情态动词＋实义动词

You should not have done so.你不该那样做。

4．主谓一致

英语句子中的主语和谓语应在人称和数上保持一致。这被称作主谓一致。它主要遵循三个原则：意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。

(1)语法一致原则

主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。

Mr.Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS. 布莱克先生是著名的艾滋病科学家。

These books are intended for children under nine years old.这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。

(2)意义一致原则

所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。

Three months has passed since you left.(three months被看作一个时间整体，表示单数概念。)你已离开三个月了。

The old are taken very good care of in our city.(the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，表示复数概念。)在我们城市老年人被照顾得很好。

(3)邻近一致原则

邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。

Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.(根据靠近谓语的主语he而定。)他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。

Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident.(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定。)不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。

1．(天津高考)My parents always ________ great importance to my getting a good education. A．have

C．accept

B．attach D．pay 解析：选B

考查固定搭配。句意：我父母一直认为我接受良好的教育非常重要。attach importance/value to是一个固定搭配，表示“认为……很重要/很有价值”。

2．(浙江高考)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to ________ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. A．share

C．ignore

B．realize D．cause 解析：选C

考查动词辨析。句意：上周，我的头被网球击到，但是我尽力忽视疼痛，相信疼痛迟早会消失的。ignore“忽视，无视”。

3．(天津高考)The two countries are going to meet to ________ some barriers to trade between them. A．make up

C．turn down

B．use up D．break down 解析：选D

考查动词短语辨析。句意：这两个国家即将会晤以消除他们之间的一些贸易障碍。由题干中的some barriers可知，这里指“消除”，故选break down。A项“组成；编造”；B项“用尽”；C项“拒绝”。

4．(福建高考)As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can ________ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself. A．catch sight of

C．take charge of

B．get hold of D．make mention of

解析：选B

考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，还利用一切机会提高自己。catch sight of“看见”；get hold of“找到，得到，抓住”；take charge of“负责”；make mention of“提到”。根据句意可知是找到

(get hold of)一切与音乐有关的东西。

5．(福建高考)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A．were invited

C．have been invited

B．was invited D．has been invited 解析：选B

考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年台北花博会的开幕式上演出。首先，结合句意可知应用一般过去时描述过去的行为；其次，as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应和前面的主语保持人称和数的一致，本句谓语应与the famous musician一致，用第三人称单数形式，故选B。

6．(江苏高考)Generally, students'

inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. A．is

C．was

B．are D．were 解析：选A

考查主谓一致和时态。从题干可以看出本题的主语是students'

inner motivation，因此谓语动词用单数形式。根据题中的generally可知应用一般现在时态。故选A。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．(全国卷Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ evening dress. A．wear

C．has worn

B．wears D．have worn 解析：选B

考查时态和主谓一致。who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词前有the only限制，所以从句用单数谓语动词，再结合本句语意可知用一般现在时。

2．(重庆高考)The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building ________ now. A．remains

C．is remaining

B．is remained D．has been remained 解析：选A

考查动词。remain是不及物动词，故没有被动语态，排除B、D两项，表示“存在”意义的状态性动词一般不用于进行时，所以此处用一般现在时。

3．(陕西高考)Ralph W．Emerson would always ________ new ideas that occurred to him. A．set off

C．set up

B．set about D．set down 解析：选D

考查动词短语辨析。句意：爱默生经常写下他想到的那些新主意。根据句意，表示“写下，记下”，要用set down。set off“动身”，set about“开始做某事”，set up“建立”，均不符合句子的语境。故答案为D。

4．(江苏高考)—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. —I see.I'll go right away and ________. A．pay him back

C．put him away

B．pay him off D．put him off 解析：选B

考查动词短语辨析。根据句意可知，Oliver 不能胜任这份工作，因此父亲决定付清工钱打发他走，pay sb.off表示“付清工资解雇某人”。pay sb.back“报复”；put sb.away“把某人送进监狱或精神病院”；put sb.off“使某人分心”。

5．I called Hannah many times yesterday evening，but I couldn't get through.Her brother________on the phone all the time! A．was talking

C．has talked

B．has been talking D．talked 解析：选A

本题给出的时态依据应该是yesterday evening，因此待填的时态就应考虑过去时态，另外，此处表示talk的动作是持续不断的，所以应用过去进行时。

6．Young couples in China rushed to register their marriage on Jan 3rd, 2014, because the pronunciation of the number “201413” in Chinese ________ “love you all my life”．

A．stands out

C．looks out

B．stands for

D．looks for

解析：选B

句意：年轻男女在2014年1月3日涌入婚姻登记处，因为数字201413的发音在汉语中代表“爱你一世一生”。stand out“突出；显眼”；stand for“代表”；look out“往外看；注意”；look for“寻找”。

7．When he realized the police had spotted him，the man ________the exit as quickly as possible. A．made off

C．made out

B．made for D．made up 解析：选B

句意：当他意识到警察认出他时，他以最快的速度向出口走去。从the exit来判断，是要表达向出口方向移动，那么make for(走向)最为合适。make off“逃走”，但不能直接接the exit；make out“假装，认出”；make up“补充，虚构”。

8．The water________cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.

A．was felt

C．is felt

B．felt D．feels 解析：选B

feel在此处是系动词，与其后的cool构成系表结构，不能用于被动句。由从句可知应用过去时。

9．—________Ted Green's new car? —No，when did you see it? —He________me a ride to the store yesterday. A．Have you seen；gave

C．Will you see；has given

B．Do you see；gave D．Did you see；has given 解析：选A

“你看到过Ted Green的新车吗？”看似与现在无关，其实不然，它所隐含的意思是：“我现在知道新车的样子。”故选A。

10．Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs. A．observe

C．perform

B．possess D．support

解析：选A

句意：尽管已经在国外居住了很多年了，但是许多中国人仍然遵循着中国传统习俗。observe“遵循；遵守；观察；庆祝”；possess“拥有”；perform“履行；表演；表现”；support“支持；支撑”。

Ⅱ.完形填空

The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world.__1__springs and streams sometimes means control，particularly in the __2__areas like the desert.The control is possible even without possession of large areas of __3__land.In the early days of the American West，gun fights were not __4__for the water resources.And laws had to be __5__to protect the water rights of the __6__and the use of the water resources accordingly. __7__is known to us all，there is not __8__water in all places for everyone to use as much as he likes.Deciding on the __9__of water that will be used in any particular period __10__careful planning，so that people can manage and use water more __11__.Farmers have to change their use of or demand for water __12__the water supply forecast. The __13__water supply forecast is based more on the water from the __14__than from the below.Interest is __15__in the ways to increase rainfall by man-made methods，and to get water from the winter snow on mountain __16__.With special equipment，some scientists are studying the ways in which the mountain snow can be __17__，and with the help of a repeater station，they send the __18__data to the base station.The operator at the base station can get the data at any time by __19__a button.In the near future，the forecast and use of water __20__probably depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains，not of water underground.

1．A.Using

C．Owning

B．Holding D．Finding 解析：选C

从后文可以看出：因为地球上的水资源不够充分，所以凡是有泉水的地方就意味着控制。

2．A.dry

C．deserted

B．distant D．wild 解析：选A

根据下文的desert可以推出是在干旱地区。

3．A.fine

C．rich

B．beautiful D．farming 解析：选C

与上文提到的desert一词比较，可以确定这里应该选rich，表示富饶的土地。

4．A.unlawful

C．unpopular

B．unacceptable D．uncommon 解析：选D

句子意思是：早期美国西部的人们为了争夺水源，时常会发生枪战。

5．A.made

C．signed

B．designed D．written 解析：选A

这里指制定法律，law与make一词搭配。

6．A.winners

C．fighters

B．settlers D．supporters 解析：选B

根据上下文的语境，这里指制订法律保护移民者用水的权利以及按照规定使用水资源。

7．A.That

C．What

B．It D．As 解析：选D

as引导了一个定语从句，表示“正如，正像”。根据题意，只有D项符合语境。

8．A.plentiful

C．any

B．enough D．much 解析：选B

常识告诉我们，世界上水资源缺乏，不足以供人们随便使用。plentiful意思是“绰绰有余”，所以只有enough适合题意。

9．A.type

C．amount

解析：选C

这里指水量，故选C。

10．A.requests

C．means

B．requires D．suggests B．quality D．level

解析：选B

此处指用水量需要仔细计划。故选B项。require“需要”。

11．A.effectively

C．conveniently

B．easily D．actively 解析：选A

从上文我们可以看出，因为水源不足，所以要计划特殊时期的用水量，为的是更加有效地利用水。effectively意思是“有效的”。

12．A.leading to

C．owing to

B．due to D．according to 解析：选D

这里指农民需要根据供水预报来改变他们的用水量。according to根据。

13．A.correct

C．average

B．further D．early 解析：选A

这里指正确的供水预报。correct正确的。

14．A.clouds

C．air

B．sky D．above 解析：选D

the above指山上的积雪，the blow指地下水；从后文的“...depend on the advance knowledge of snow on mountains”也可以看出，应该选D项。

15．A.raising

C．building

B．rising D．lasting 解析：选B

指人们对人工增加降雨量的兴趣在不断增加。rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词。

16．A.rocks

C．tops

B．tips D．trees 解析：选C

可根据常识冬天雪会堆积在山顶，得出答案C；top顶部；tip意思是“尖，要点”。

17．A.taken care of

C．piled up

B．made use of D．saved up 解析：选B

这里指科学家正在研究利用山上的积雪的方法。make use of利用。

18．A.picked

B．produced C．used

D．gathered 解析：选D

这里指人们为了利用山上的积雪，需要不断地收集积累数据。

19．A.touching

C．pressing

B．knocking D．turning 解析：选C

press a button意思是“按键”，指操作员一按按钮就可以获得数据。

20．A.might

C．will

B．can D．should

解析：选C

由时间状语“In the near future”可得出这里要用一般将来时。