Learning about Language优质课一等奖

Unit 3 Under the sea

Part 2: Teaching Resources 第二部分：教学资源

Section 1: Discourse studies of Old Tom The Killer Whale 1. Type of writing and summary of Old Tom The Killer Whale Choice 1 Type of writing Main idea of the passage

Main idea of 1st part Main idea of 2nd part Main idea of 3rd part Main idea of 4th

part Main idea of 5th

part Choice 2 A narration Type of writing Summary of story I witnessed Old Tom, the killer attacking a whale together with six other killers. Choice 3

The writer His career Type of the passage Summary

Place

Time

An old man called Clancy A whaler Anecdotes Killer Whales help whalers catch baleen whales. Australia

At the beginning of 20th century This is a piece of narrative writing. “I” witnessed Old Tom the killer whale helping the whalers catching the huge whales. At 16, I, Clancy, began work in June 1902 at the whaling station. One afternoon, I saw Old Tom, the killer, a black and white and fish-shaped animal, I saw a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. I saw the whale being hit by a harpoon and dragged by the killers down into the sea.. I saw James being saved by Old Tom, the killer.

2. A retold story of Old Tom The Killer Whale Choice 1

One afternoon I saw Old Tom, the killer throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. I saw Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way. Then he was circling back to

the boat, leading us to the hunt again. In the distance I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. They’re working

as a team —

the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whale’s blow-hole to stop it breathing. And those others are stopping it fleeing out to sea. Then the harpoon was ready and the man in the bow of the boat aimed it at the whale. He let it go and the harpoon lit the spot. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. Within a moment or two, its body was dragged by the killers down into the depths of the sea. The men started turning the boat around to go home. Choice 2 I began work at a whaling station when I was only 16. I had hears of whale hunting before. I wanted to witness it my own eyes. I arrived at the station early to sort out my things. Then suddenly I saw Old Tom the killer attacking a whale with a pack of six other killers. They were throwing themselves out of the water, crashing down on top of the whale. I called out to George. He told me that a whale hunt was going on. I raced after him to the sea shore. We jumped into the boat, heading out into the deep sea.

The seven whale killers were working as a team, throwing themselves on top of the whale, trying to stop it from breathing. Then a man in the bow of the boat aimed his harpoon at the whale, letting it go. And the whale was badly wounded. Within a moment or two, it was dragged by the killers down into the depth of the sea.

I was most excited to see this exciting whale hunting. The killers were fierce hunters. But they never attacked people 3. A short passage for dictation 19th January I’m sitting in the warm night air and reflecting my whole magic day! I went snorkeling on the reef this morning and I had many fantastic experiences and discovering a new dimension of life. The first thing I became aware of was all the corals of vivid colors and variant shapes surrounding me. And I had seen lots of fish do different kinds of strange things: the little orange and white anemone fish hid in the poisonous tentacles of the sea anemones; the small fish cleaned the bodies of large fish and got inside their mouths and cleaned their teeth! It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner- a yellow and green parrotfish hanging upside down, gathering tiny plants off the coral; a yellow-spotted red sea-slug sliding by a blue sea-star; an orange and blue-striped angelfish looking straight at me; a large wise-looking turtle passing so close to me that I could touched it; an eel with its strong sharp teeth, with only its head showing from a hole, watching for a tasty fish; then there were two gray reef sharks which scared me so much, each about one and a half meters long, which suddenly appeared from some coral. Then I swam toward the ocean and I felt that it’s a wonderful world and the limit of human being.

Section 2: Background information for Unit 3 Under the sea 1. 海洋动物分类

海洋动物是海洋中各门类形态结构和生理特点十分不同的异养型生物的总称。它们不进行光

合作用，不能将无机物合成为有机物，只能以摄食植物、微生物和其他动物及其有机碎屑物质为生。

海洋动物现知有16～20万种，它们形态多样，包括微观的单细胞原生动物，和长达30余米、重

190吨的高等哺乳动物──蓝鲸等；分布广泛，从赤道到两极海域，从海面到海底深处，从海岸到超深渊的海沟底，都有其代表。

按生活方式划分，海洋动物主要有海洋浮游动物、海洋游泳动物和海洋底栖动物三个生态类型。

按分类系统划分，海洋动物共有几十个门类，可分为海洋无脊椎动物和海洋脊椎动物两大类，或分为海洋无脊椎动物、海洋原索动物和海洋脊椎动物三大类。

海洋无脊椎动物

种数、门数最为繁多，占海洋动物的绝大部分。主要的门类有：原生动物、海绵动物、腔肠动物、扁形动物、纽形动物、线形动物、环节动物、软体动物、节肢动物、腕足动物、毛颚动物、须腕动物、棘皮动物和半索动物等。其中腕足动物、毛颚动物、须腕动物、棘皮动物、半索动物等是海洋中特有的门类。

海洋原索动物

原索动物是介于海洋无脊椎动物与海洋脊椎动物之间的一类动物。原索动物均系海产，包括尾索动物，如海鞘；头索动物，如文昌鱼。过去属于原索类的半索动物，现多数学者主张放入无脊椎动物内。

海洋脊椎动物

包括有海洋鱼类、爬行类、鸟类和哺乳类。其中，海洋鱼类有圆口纲、软骨鱼纲和硬骨鱼纲。

海洋爬行动物

有棱皮龟科，如棱皮龟；

海龟科，

如□龟和玳瑁；海蛇科，如青环海蛇和青灰海蛇等。

海洋鸟类

种类不多，仅占世界鸟类种数的0.02％，如信天翁、鹱、海燕、鲣鸟、军舰鸟和海雀等都是人们熟知的典型海洋鸟类。分布于中国的海洋鸟类约有20多种，它们一部分为留鸟,大部分为候鸟。中国常见的海洋鸟类有:鹱形目的白额鹱和黑叉尾海燕、

鹈形目的褐鲣鸟和红脚鲣鸟、雨燕目的金丝燕和短嘴金丝燕、等。

海洋哺乳动物包括鲸目、鳍脚目、和海牛目等。

2. 中国海海洋生物知多少?

经过几十年来海洋科技工作者的调查研究，已在我国管辖海域记录到了20278种海洋生物。这些海洋生物隶属于5个生物界、44个生物门。其中动物界的种类最多（12794种），原核生物界最少（229种）。我国的海洋生物种类约占全世界海洋生物总种数的10％。我国海域的海洋生物，按照分布情况大致可以分为水域海洋生物和滩涂海洋生物两大类。在水域海洋生物中，鱼类、头足类（例如我们常吃的乌贼，也叫墨鱼）和虾、蟹类是最主要的海洋生物。其中以鱼类的品种最多，数量最大，构成了水域海洋生物的主体。水域海洋生物种数的分布趋势是南多北少，即南海的种类较多，而黄海、渤海的种类较少。

根据最新的调查资料，分布在我国滩涂上的海洋生物种类共有1580多种。其中以软体动物（也就是平常我们所说的贝类）最多，有513种，其次是海藻358种，甲壳类（主要是平常我们所说的虾、蟹）308种，其他类群种类很少。我国沿海滩涂生物的种数与海域生物一样，也是自北向南逐渐增多。