Using LanguageⅠ教案设计范例

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Using LanguageⅠ

教学目标

1. 明确谓语的概念；

2. 复习动词谓语的用法；

3. 辨认谓语的形式。

教学过程

一. 定义及动词

1. 谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。通常放置在主语之后。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。

2. 动词可分为: 及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词、情态动词。

（1）需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词。

Children seek independence. The trial raised a number of questions. He has always liked Mr. Philips. He made the shortest speech I have ever heard. （2）不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。

Her whole body ached. Donald was lying on the bed. Bob coughed all night. （3）许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。

Gus asked me whether I’d like to have dinner with him. I accepted. (vi.) I accepted the invitation. (vt.) He painted every day. (vi.) He painted vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances. (vt.) Father never smoked or drank all his life. (vi.) He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.) At last she thanked them and left. (vi.) All I know is that Michael and I never left the house. (vt.) 二. 谓语大体上可以分为两类：简单谓语和复合谓语。

1. 简单谓语：凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。

The plane takes off at 8 but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog．

I have tried this way three times and failed three times．

2. 复合谓语：

第一类是由情态动词+动词原型或动词不定式与另外的词构成；

第二类是由“系动词+表语”构成。

I would like to invite all my friends to the get-together. The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.

三. 动词数的问题：主谓一致

（一）

主要遵循三个原则，意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。

（二）意义一致原则：是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。

The old are very well taken care of in our city．(the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，指复数概念)

1. 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定.

All is right.

All are present.

2. 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体.

His family isn't very large. His family are music lovers. 3. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).ver min等在任何情况下都用复数形式.

Are there any police around？

4. 有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数.

A number of +名词复数+复数动词.

The number of +名词复数+单数动词. A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English. 5. 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致.

Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 6. 在一些短语,如

many a 或

more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.

Many a person has read the novel.

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. (三) 语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。

Mr Black is a well-known scientist on AIDS．

These books are intended for children under nine years old．

（四）邻近一致原则：指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。

1. 在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，

Not Jack but his parents are to blame for the home accident．(根据靠近谓语的主语his parents而定) Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 2. 当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating.

（五）谓语需用单数的几种情形

1. 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。

Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2. 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 3. 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. （六）主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象

1. "more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数. More than one teacher gets the flowers. 2. "many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数. Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 3. "half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.

4. all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数. All are present and all is going well.

5. what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.如What they want to get is the number of good books. 6. and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.

No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag. 7. 当主语后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致. My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 8. each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关. They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 9. 动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数. Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. 10. the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致. The following are good examples. 11. 以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics, physics, mathematics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数. 以-s结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类. Politics is now taught in all schools.

The third world economics is promising.

Athletics is a required course for students of all grades. 当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算能力）politics(政治观点)economics（经济意义）等. Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college. 12. 有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers, glasses, shoes, shorts, scissors, scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数. The shoes are all right. 还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数：arms（武器）, clothes., contents, remains（遗体）, thanks等

13. "one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用单数. One and a half apples is left on the table.

14. "One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数. One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work.

15. "one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.

He is one of the students who get there on time. 16. 表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数. One million dollars is a lot of money. (七) 以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题

英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。

1. 以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题

如：arthritis, bronchitis, diabetes, mumps, phlebitis, rickets, 这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。

Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.

2. 以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题

以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。

Darts is basically a easy game.

但当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。

Three darts are thrown at each turn.

All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.

3. 以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题

(1) 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。

The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.

In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.

(2) 但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。

The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.

四. 动词形式

用作谓语的动词用于表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式即为时态。

重点讲解

1. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ______ down to eat our picnic lunch．

A. sitting

B. having sat

C. to sit

D. sat 解析：本题考查并列谓语的选择。found与sat down应为并列谓语，而A, B, C均为非谓语

动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的作用。

答案：D 2. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A. work

B. working

C. is working

D. are working 解析：本题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语

+ along with / with / together with + n. / pron. ”

结构作主语时。其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。

因Professor Smith作主语，故应用单数谓语动词is working。

答案：

C 3.All the scientific evidence ______ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _______ damaging our health. 解析：句意“所有的科学证据都表明在农业上化学物质使用量的增加正在危害我们的健康”。考查主谓一致。第一空前的主语为evidence（U.），故第一空中动词需用单数，排除A,C；第二空前主语为use（U.），故第二空用is. 答案：D 4. Either you or I _____going to the teachers' office after class. A. am

B. is

C. are

D. will 解析: 主语看“I”所以选A 答案：

A 5. Ten thousand dollars _____quite a large sum. A. are

B. is

C. were

D. have 解析：主语是一笔钱

答案：

D