Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehendingppt课件课堂实录

Teaching Design for Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Warming up and reading 教材分析：

Warming Up 部分教师可以选择“了解航海家”、“了解郑和”、“了解马克·

波罗”等形式激发背景知识、为其后的阅读作好词语、结构和心理的准备。教师可补充：西周天子穆王乘“八骏西行三万里”（《穆天子传》）；孔子率70弟子周游列国；庄王与惠子游于濠梁之上；秦始皇统一中国后，多次巡游、封禅；张骞衔命出使西域，打开了中国通往西方的丝绸之路；张骞自中原使往西域，直达今之中亚；司马迁弱冠之年走出书斋，自长安起步，足及豫、鄂、湘、赣、浙、苏、鲁、川、滇等省份；法显、宋云、惠生、玄奘西行求法取经，长途跋涉，直达今之印度；郑和的舰队7渡印度洋，摇达东非；徐霞客在中华大地上的履痕，遍及19个省市区，直涉各地的偏、远、险、幽之境。

Pre-reading向学生介绍有关“navigational instruments”，为其后的阅读做心理的铺垫和准备。补充：中国很早就可以通过观测日月星辰测定方位和船舶航行的位置。郑和船队已经把航海天文定位与导航罗盘的应用结合起来,提高了测定船位和航向的精确度,人们称“牵星术”。用“牵星板”观测定位的方法,通过测定天的高度,来判断船舶位置、方向、确定航线。

Reading是篇说明文，说明17世纪之前西方航海导航技术。教师应引导学生依据我们提供的“表格”、“结构图”等从形式和内容两方面阅读课文，理解词语、结构和所述事实。补充：1. 天文航海技术——中国很早就可以通过观测日月星辰测定方位和船舶航行的位置。郑和船队已经把航海天文定位与导航罗盘的应用结合起来, 提高了测定船位和航向的精确度, 人们称“牵星术”。2. 地文航海技术——郑和下西洋的地文航海技术是以海洋科学知识和航海图为依据, 运用了航海罗盘、计程仪、测深仪等航海仪器, 按照海图、针路簿记载来保证船舶的航行路线。航行时确定航行的线路, 叫作针路, 罗盘的误差,不超过2.5度。

Introduction In this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to learn about navigational instruments.

Then they will be helped to read an exposition about sailing the oceans. Three “Warming Up” designs are presented in this book for teachers’ reference. Computer and overhead projector may be used to aid the teaching and learning.

Objectives ■

To help students learn to express causes and effects ■

To help students learn to read an exposition about sailing the oceans

■

To help students better understand “sailing”

■

To help students learn to use some important words and expressions ■

To help students identify examples of the future passive voice in the text Focus Words accelerate, knot, simplify, update, swoop, peck, deposit, reckon, foresee, tear, roar

Expressions

at the mercy of

Patterns

Sea captains observed the clouds over islands. So accomplished navigators were able to use it

to plot their positions．

Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen．

The number of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical

miles per hour．

Later, when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables．

Then he could tell if

he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course.

Aids Multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams

Procedures 1．

Warming up

⑴

Warming up by leaning about navigator A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. On aircraft, the position may also be referred to as a flight officer. The navigator's responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the captain (or pilot) while en route, and ensuring that hazards or obstacles are avoided. ⑵Warming up by talking about Zheng He's Seven Voyages[来源:学科网]

In July 11, 1405, the eunuch Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty royal court set out on his first overseas voyage. In the following 28 years, this navigator proceeded to carry out six more voyages, accompanied by a huge entourage of nearly 30,000 people. By traveling throughout

Southeast Asia, and around the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and East Africa, he also landed at over thirty different nations. He was the earliest largest scale navigation in world history, coming more than half a century earlier than Columbus'famous exploits... ⑶Warming up by looking and listening Hello, class. Do you know this man? Yes, he is Marco Polo. Marco Polo (1254-1324), is probably the most famous Westerner traveled on the Silk Road.

He excelled all the other travelers in his determination, his writing, and his influence. His journey through Asia lasted 24 years. He reached further than any of his predecessors, beyond Mongolia to China. He became a confidant of Kublai Khan (1214-1294). He traveled the whole of China and returned to tell the tale, which became the greatest travelogue. 2. Pre-reading by learning about navigational instruments

◇

artificial horizon, flight indicator, gyro horizon - a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; provides an artificial horizon for the pilot ◇

compass - navigational instrument for finding directions ◇

depth finder - navigational instrument used to measure the depth of a body of water (as by ultrasound or radar) ◇

inclinometer - an instrument showing the angle that an aircraft makes with the horizon

◇

instrument - a device that requires skill for proper use ◇

asdic, echo sounder, sonar - a measuring instrument that sends out an acoustic pulse in water and measures distances in terms of the time for the echo of the pulse to return; sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging; asdic is an acronym for anti-submarine detection investigation committee 3. Reading for forms

Read the text SAILING THE OCEANS on page 12 to: cut/ the sentence into thought groups, blacken the predicative, darken the connectives and underline all the useful expressions. 4. Copying useful expressions and making sentences You are going to copy in your notebook all the useful expressions and make sentences of your own with them. sail the oceans, explore the oceans, plot a ship's position on a map, at the mercy of…, have modern navigational aids

keep alongside the coastline, the first and most useful form of exploration, carry the minimum amount of risk at its highest position in the sky, at the equator, accomplished navigators, plot their positions, use the height of the sun to work out their latitude, observe the clouds over islands, land close by，tell…by the colour and smell, follow the birds to land, in the open sea gather at sea, as well as over streams or rivers, identify the position of a

stream or river, use the winds to direct one’s sailing, accelerate the speed, observe the winds, before and during one’s outward or return journeys[来源:学科网ZXXK]

carry ships to their destination, explore the seas, discover new lands, increase their ability to navigate new seas secure method of measuring longitude, solve this theoretical problem, move westwards, method of measuring speed, tie to…, advance through the water, pass through…, give the speed of…, in nautical miles per hour, have a special magnetic pointer, find the direction, set a straight course measure the sun's position, compare…with…, the height of the sun at midday, sail on…, rather than a random course

in relation to…, give sb the local time, find one’s latitude at sea, use… as one of the points of reference, plunge in the waves，reduce the tendency

5. Transforming information Next you are going to read the text again to complete the chart below. SAILING THE OCEANS ■Using nature to help keeping ■Using navigational instruments alongside the coastline

to help

●Using celestial bodies: North ●finding longitude

Star; Sun; Clouds ●Using wildlife: Seaweed; Birds ●Finding latitude: The Bearing Circle; The Astrolabe; The

Quadrant; The sextant ●Using the weather: Fog; Winds ●Using the sea

6. Reading the text again to decide on the type of writing and summary of SAILING THE OCEAN Type of writing and summary of SAILING THE OCEAN Type SAILING THE OCEAN Using nature to help:

Keeping alongside the coastline, using celestial bodies, using wildlife, using the weather, using the sea Using navigational instruments to help:

Finding longitude, Finding latitude exposition

7．Making a diagram of SAILING THE OCEAN SAILING THE OCEANS （An exposition）

Using nature to keep alongside coastline

Part 1

Using navigational instruments to help

Part 2

Using celestial bodies

finding longitude

Using wildlife

Using the weather

Finding latitude

Using the sea

8. Closing down by answering comprehension questions[来源:学科网ZXXK]

1. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The voyages of the travelers before the 17th century

B. How to plot a ship’s position on a map

C. How did ancient men navigate so well D. Use nature to aid navigation 2. Ancient navigators use navigational instruments to help them _____. A. find celestial bodies B. predict the weather C. explore the sea D.

find latitude 3. The author of the passage implies that the ancient navigators were _____. A. hard-working B. brave C. intelligent D. energetic

4. According to the passage, _____. A. the ancient accomplished navigators were able to use South Star to plot their positions．

B. Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen．

C. Wise seamen used the snows to direct their sailing．

D. The sextant proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments．

(Keys: BDCB )