Learning about Language教学设计范文

Period Three

Grammar & Writing

语法感知

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式完成课文原句

1．Over time I have been changed (change) quite a lot. 2．First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop，I have been used (use) in offices and homes since the 1970s. 3．Over time my memory has developed so much that，like an elephant，I never forget anything I have been told(tell)! 4．Since the 1970s many new applications have been found (find) for me. 5．I have also been put (put) into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

1．This part of the seabed has been explored(explore) many times. 2．Much useful information about these planets has been collected(collect) since 1971. 3．How many suggestions have been given(give) to you so far? 4．The temple has been repaired(repair) since last year. 5．A piano concert was given(give) here last Friday. 6．The problem has been solved(solve) up to now. 语法精析

现在完成时的被动语态表示到现在为止某事已经被完成或被做。这种语法项目既要表示现在已经完成又要表示被动的含义，因此很多同学在具体运用当中容易顾此失彼，难以把握。

运用现在完成时的被动语态时应掌握以下几个问题：

1．构成

现在完成时的被动语态的构成为：have/has been＋过去分词。

2．各种句式的变化

下面以动词invite为例，列表说明现在完成时的被动语态的句式变化：

肯定句

I have been invited. He/She has been invited. We/You/They have been invited.

否定句

I have not been invited. He/She has not been invited. We/You/They have not been

invited.

疑问句

一般疑问句

Have I been invited? Has he/she been invited? Have we/you/they been invited？

简略回答

肯定回答

Yes，I have. Yes，he/she has. 否定回答

No，I haven’t. No，he/she hasn’t. Who has been invited? Why have I been invited? When has he/she been invited? Where have we/you/they been invited to？

特殊疑问句

Yes，we/you/they have. No，we/you/they haven’t. 3.使用的场合

(1)表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。

Thousands of man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 许多国家已经发射了数千颗的人造卫星到太空中。

(2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。

The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. 那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。

How long has the machine been used?

这台机器使用多久了？

More than ten bridges have been built over the river in this city since it set up a new economic zone. 自从这个城市建立了一个新经济开发区以来，这条河上已经建了十多座桥了。

4．现在完成时的被动语态应注意的几个问题

(1)现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。

一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建成的。

The bridge has been built. 这座桥已经建好了。

(2)一些特殊动词，如：borrow，finish，begin，buy，start，return，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则须改换动词或时态。

这本书买了多长时间了？

【误】How long has this book been bought? 【正】How long ago was this book bought? 但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。

No books have been bought since last week. 自上周以来，没有人来买书。

[题组训练]

用所给词的正确形式填空

1．The new dictionaries are very useful.They sell well and have been sold(sell) out already. 2．With the help of high technology，more and more new substances have been discovered(discover) in the past years. 3．—How long has the project been put(put) into practice? —Since 2000. 4．His sister left home in 1998，and hasn’t been heard(not，hear) of since. 高考链接

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

1．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides.(2015·天津) 2．In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut(cut)．(2015·重庆) 3．We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made(make)．(2014·天津) 4．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet has been made(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.(2013·北京) 5．The school board is made up of parents who have been elected(elect) to make decisions about school affairs.(2013·上海) 6．In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce) all over the world.(2011·天津) 7．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they have been promised(promise) before leaving their hometowns.(2010·福建) 8．—Why does the lake smell terrible? —Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute)．(2009·福建) Ⅱ.单句改错(仅有1处错误) Lots of studies have been\ shown that global warming has already become a very serious

problem.(2015·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)

写作指导

描述性说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解释说明事物，阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。

在高考中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。

它要求语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。

常用句式

1．People will become...in the future. 2．I think...in the future will be more interesting and wonderful. 3．What...will look like in the future? 4．Have you ever thought about...in the next 30 or 50 years? 5．We can imagine that... 6．In addition，there will be super computers or robots which can help us do... 7．Great changes will take place in the future. 8．I believe my dream will come true some day. 典例展示

假定你设计出了一款新机器人——家用机器人，请你介绍一下其主要功能。可参考下面的内容：

1．可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等；

2．可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整；

3．及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打求救电话等。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯。

佳作背诵

Here is a new type of robot—the household robot.It can help us in many ways. Firstly，it can take care of the old people when we are away and can also accompany the old people in having a chat，playing chess，and doing exercise. Secondly，it can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs. Thirdly，it can deal with emergencies.For example，if an old man falls ill all of a sudden，the robot will call doctors for help.

In a word，it would be of great help for you if you own such a robot.

Ⅰ.单元语法

A．用所给词的正确形式填空

1．Many new houses have been built(build) in the past few years. 2．So far no letter has been received(receive) from my friends. 3．The room has already been cleaned(clean)，hasn’t it? 4．—We want to sit at the table near the window. —I’m sorry，but it has been taken(take) already. 5．—How long have you been employed(employ) at this job? —Since 1990. 6．By the time they came back to the United States，Tom’s dream had come(come) true. 7．All the work has been finished(finish) so far. 8．Has the book been published(publish) yet? B．将下列句子改为被动语态

9．They have put the computer into a robot. The computer has been put into a robot (by them)．

10．We have finished the work now. The work has been finished (by us) now. 11．He has given the child some interesting books. The child has been given some interesting books (by him)．/Some interesting books have been given to the child (by him)．

12．Over time，people have changed me a lot. Over time，I have been changed a lot (by people)．

13．A new virus has attacked my computer. My computer has been attacked by a new virus. 14．I have made him study hard. He has been made to study hard (by me)．

15．Have you found ways to make waste water clean? Have ways been found to make waste water clean (by you)? Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

America is a mobile society.Friendships between Americans can be close and real，yet

disappear soon if situations change.Neither side feels hurt by this.Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two，perhaps a few letters for a while—then no more.If the same two people meet again by chance，even years later，they pick up the friendship.This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand，because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings，extending(延伸) sometimes deeply into both families. Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes，share their holidays，and their home life.They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客) easily. Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives，they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time.Sometimes，we，as hosts，will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend.We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends.The Americans，however，express their welcome usually at homes，but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine.They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus.And they expect that we will phone them from there.Once we arrive at their homes，the welcome will be full，warm and real.We will find ourselves treated hospitably. For the Americans，it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants，except for purely business matters.So accept their hospitality at home! 16．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families. B．Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives. C．Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy. D．Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break. 答案

D 解析

细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“If the same two people meet again by chance，even years later，they pick up the friendship.”可知美国人隔了很长时间还会继续友谊。故选D。

17．From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend，we will probably be

. A．warmly welcomed at the airport B．offered a ride to his home C．treated hospitably at his home D．treated to dinner in a restaurant 答案

C 解析

细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Once we arrive at their homes，the welcome will be full，warm and real.We will find ourselves treated hospitably.”可知一旦我们到了他们家，会受

到热情欢迎，温暖而又真实。我们会发现自己被亲切对待。故选C。

18．The underlined words “generous with our time”

in Paragraph 3 probably mean “

”．

A．strict with time B．serious with time C．careful with time D．willing to spend time 答案

D 解析

推理判断题。根据本句下面的两个例子：在年夜去机场接朋友，请假为朋友作导游，说明在中国我们愿意花时间陪我们的客人。故选D。

B

The Internet brings us many advantages. With the Internet，people can send and receive e-mails.On the Internet，people can skim over news.Using the Telnet，the user anywhere on the Internet can log into any other machine on which he has an account.It is possible to use the FTP program to copy files from one machine on the Internet to another. But the Internet also brings us troubles. Internet use seems to cause a fall in psychological(心理的) health，according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less often，the two-year study showed.And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet，but that using the Net actually seemed to cause the bad feelings. Researchers are puzzled over the results，which were completely opposite to what they had expected.They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television，since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time used for family and friends may be the reason for the drop in health，researchers said.Faceless，bodiless “virtual”(虚拟的) communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversations，and the relationships formed through it may not be so deep.Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives. “But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology；it’s about how it is used，” said one of the researchers.“It really points to the need for considering social factors(因素) when you design new inventions.”

19．The writer mainly wants to tell us that

. A．the Internet can bring people many advantages

B．the Internet use may cause psychological problems C．the Internet users are not satisfied with their lives D．we shouldn’t use the Internet 答案

B 解析

主旨大意题。文章虽然谈论了网络的优点，但从其篇幅和重点来看，文章侧重于谈论由于使用网络而产生的一些问题，主题句在第四段。作者其实是想提醒我们使用网络可能有损心理健康。

20．Why are the researchers puzzled over the results? A．Because the results were completely different from what they had thought. B．Because the Net proved socially healthier than television. C．Because the Internet users were all healthier. D．Because the Internet users experienced less depression and loneliness. 答案

A 解析

细节理解题。由第五段第一句“Researchers are puzzled over the results，which were completely opposite to what they had expected.”可知令研究人员疑惑的是研究结果与他们预料的完全相反。

21．What may be the reasons why the Internet use causes a fall in psychological health? A．Internet use reduces time used for family and friends. B．Virtual communication is less psychologically satisfying than actual conversations. C．Exposure to the wider world through the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives. D．All of the above. 答案

D 解析

细节理解题。从第六段可知A、B、C三项都为原因。

22．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean? A．What matters is not the technology but how it is used. B．This passage is not about the technology but about how it is used. C．We should remember to learn about the technology. D．We should remember to learn how to use computers. 答案

A 解析

句意理解题。作者通过划线部分想表明这一切与技术本身无关，而是看我们怎么利用。

Ⅲ.语法填空

Jack：Hi，Susan，how was the vacation? Susan：Hi，Jack，it was 23.exciting(excite)．I spent the first three days with my friend Mary.Then，after a day’s rest，I 24.went(go) to New York to see my sister and I stayed there for another three

days.She had been eager to see me for 25.a long time. Jack：So you were also excited about 26.seeing(see) her. Susan：Of course! I hadn’t seen 27.her for 4 years.Besides，it was the first time I had seen her boyfriend，Michael. Jack：Is he a student，too? Susan：No，he’s working for a local travel agency(旅行社)．He’s been to many places，such 28.as San Francisco，Detroit and Atlanta.I can’t remember the 29.names(name) of all the places.He made a perfect plan so 30.that I could see all the famous places in New York City. Jack：You’re so lucky! I haven’t been to New York yet. Susan：It’s hard 31.to believe(believe)．

Jack：So tell me about those interesting places. Susan：OK.We took a lot of photos.Let me show them 32.to you. Jack：OK. Ⅳ.短文改错

Mrs.Zhang，who is our new teacher，so concerned about us that we are all fond of her.But there was a time that I was tired of English.Sometime I even did a lot of things not concerning study at class.As a result，I went through several failure.Later she happened to discover it and talk to me face to face.In order not to make me like English，she never got tired of tell me how to learn English well.She encouraged us to keep a diary in English，trying to set down what I saw and heard.Thanks to my English teacher，I have made a great progress and am getting along well with my English study.It is the first time that I had not been afraid of English any more. 答案

∧Mrs.Zhang，who is our new teacher，is

so concerned about us that we are all fond of her.But there was a time thatSometime

I was tired of English.

I even did a lot of things not concerning whenSometimesfailuretalkstudy at class.As a result，I went through several.Later she happened to discover it and

failurestalkedto me face to face.In order not to make me like English，she never got tired of learn English well.She encouraged tell

me how to tellingus

to keep a diary in English，trying to set down what I saw meand heard.Thanks to my English teacher，I have made a great progress and am getting along well with my English study.It is the first time that I Ⅴ.书面表达

请以“Computer Games and Our Health”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文。

had

not been afraid of English any more. have

提示：

1．说明玩电脑游戏对健康的影响；

2．呼吁少玩电脑游戏，将精力投入到学习中；

3．你的观点。

参考范文

Computer Games and Our Health

Most boys in our class like playing computer games.Some of them even think computer games are part of their life.They play computer games not only on weekends but also after school.It is bad for their health.Generally their eyesight is much worse than others.The air in the computer room is also not very clean and fresh.And they must feel tired if they play computer games for a long time.All those are harmful to their health.So please give up playing computer games.Try to spend more time on school work.Students can read books or play football instead.It is much more important for them to study hard and keep healthy.