Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehendingppt课件课堂实录

James Cook was born in 1728 in Marton，England.His father，a Scottish migrant farm worker，allowed James to work on coal­carrying boats at eighteen.Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大副)．

Searching for something more adventurous，in 1755 he volunteered for the British Royal Navy and took part in the Seven Years War and played an active part in charting St.Lawrence River，which helped England Navy capture Quebec from the French. The First Voyage. Following the war，Cook was given the mission to lead an expedition to observe the rare passage of Venus across the face of the sun in order to determine the accurate distance between the earth and sun.He set sail from England in August,1768 and stopped at Tahiti where he did the observation.He proceeded to the West Indies and across the Indian Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. The Second Voyage. The Royal Navy promoted James Cook to Captain following his return and had a new mission for him，to find the Unknown Southern Land.Cook led two ships and headed to Cape Town in July,1772.He proceeded south from Africa and turned around after encountering large amounts of floating pack ice.Actually he came

within 75 miles of the Antarctica at that time.But he found no habitable southern continent and arrived back in Britain in July,1775.

The Third Voyage. The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage，a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice. Upon yet again discovering that something did not exist，he continued his voyage.His last stop was in February,1779 at Hawaii where he was killed in a fight with islanders over the theft of a boat. Cook's explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer，he filled in many gaps on world maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.

True (T) or False (F)：

1．James Cook led the British Royal Navy and captured Quebec from the French.(

) 2．The aim of Cook's last voyage was to find a Northwest Passage between Europe and Asia.(

) 3．Cook was named Captain after his first voyage.(

) 4．Captain Cook died in a conflict with the Hawaii local people.(

) 答案：1.F

2.T

3.F

4.T

Section_Ⅰ

Warming_Up_&_Reading

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．exploration n．探险；探测→explorer n．探险者；勘探者；考察者→explore v．勘探；探索；调查研究→exploratory adj.探索的；探究的

2．horizon n．地平线；视野→horizontal adj.水平的；与地面平行的；横的→horizontally adv.水平地；与地面平行地；横地

3.accelerate vt.加速；促进→acceleration n．加速→accelerator n．加速器；油门

4．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→securely adv.安全地；可靠地→security n．安全；可靠

5．random adj.任意的；随便的→randomly adv.随便地；任意地→randomness n．随便；任意→randomize vt.使随机化

6．awkward adj.难使用的；笨拙的→awkwardly adv.笨拙地；尴尬地→awkwardness n．笨拙；尴尬

7．simplify v．使简化；使简易→simplification n．简化，简化的事物→simplicity n．简单；质朴；方便

8．portable adj.便携式的；手提的→portability n．轻便

9．tendency n．趋向；倾向；偏好→tend v．趋向；走向→tendentious adj.倾向性的

10．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的；可依靠的→reliably adv.可靠地→reliability n．可靠→reliance n．依赖；依靠；信任→rely v．依靠；信赖

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

1．at the mercy of

2．work out

受……支配；任……处置

计算出；制订出

3．as well as

4．rather than

5．in relation to

Ⅲ.常用句型必备

也

而不是

与……有关；涉及

1．How do_you_think seamen found their way before mordern accurate methods of navigation were invented? 2．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made_it_possible_to_plot_a_ship's_position_on_a_map. 3．This seems to_have_been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk. 4．Nobody knew that the earth moved westwards 15 degrees every hour，but sailors did_know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time. Ⅳ.课文大意理解

1．When did early sailors have a practical method of measuring longitude? A．The 12th century.

C．The 15th century.

答案：B 2．What does seaweed look like when it is near land? A．It looks nice.

C．It looks fresh.

答案：C 3．Where are we now when the North Star is along the horizon? A．At the equator.

C．At the South Pole.

答案：A 4．From the reading we have learned________. A．why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seas B．that there is useful information in an encyclopedia C．that early sailors went exploring the seas using their skills and simple instruments D．why latitude and longitude are important to plot a ship's position 答案：C 5．The main idea of this passage is about________. A．that keeping alongside the coastline is first and most useful form of exploration B．the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceans B．At the North Pole. D．At sea. B．It looks small. D．It looks dark. B．The 17th century. D．The 16th century.

C．that finding longitude and latitude is a must to plot a ship's position on a map D．how the early sailors used their skills and simple instruments 答案：B Ⅴ.根据课文改错

1．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made possible to plot a ship's position on a map. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：made后加it 2．There is a special cloud formation which indicates there is land close. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：close后加by 3．Sailors often saw seamen in the sea and could tell through the colour and smell how long it had been there. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：through改为by 4．Sea birds could be used to showing the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：showing改为show 5．An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted rope tying to a log over the side of the ship. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：tying改为tied Ⅵ.课文缩写填空

This reading explains how seamen__1__the oceans and what kind of navigational __2__were used to sailors before the seventeenth century when they were__3__the open seas without seeing land.The __4__of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at the __5__of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.The seamen could use __6__bodies，wildlife，the weather or the sea to keep __7__the coastline.They could also use the __8__to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.They could use the __9__circle to measure the sun's position and tell if they were sailing on their correct rather than a random course.While the astrolabe，the quadrant and the sextant could help give the seamen the local time and allowed them to find their __10__at sea. 答案：1.explored

2.instruments

3.navigating

4.voyages

5.mercy

6.celestial

7.alongside

8.compass

9.Bearing

10.latitude

[单词点击]

1．voyage n．[C]航海，航行

The voyage from England to India used to take six months.过去从英国航行到印度要用6个月。

go on/make/take a sea voyage

voyager n.

去航海旅行

航海者，航行者

This ship will make an around-the-world voyage. 这艘船要做一次环球航行。

trip，journey，travel，tour，voyage

(1)trip是一个用得极为广泛的词，多指短距离的旅行，也可表示“远足”，make a trip＝make a journey表示“旅行”。have a trip也是“旅行”，be/go on a trip表示“在旅行”。

The boat trip down the Amazon was great. 沿亚马逊河乘船而下的旅程感觉真棒。

(2)journey多指远距离陆上旅行。

come/go on a journey来/去旅行

send sb. on a journey 送某人旅行

We had a long journey ahead of us. 我们前面的旅程还很长。

(3)travel“旅行，游历(用单数形式，不加定冠词)”。指“(国外的)游历、游记”时常用复数形式，但前不加many或数词修饰。它也可以用作动词。

Foreign travel never really appealed to him until he retired.他到退休后才真正对出国旅行产生了兴趣。

(4)tour“周游，旅游，观光”，指周游若干地方，有一定的旅行路线，最后又回到出发地点。

We went on a 10-day tour of central Africa. 我们到中非游玩了10天。

(5)voyage强调较远距离的水上、空中旅行。

This is a voyage of exploration.这是一次探索之旅。

“旅游”妙辨口诀

长途陆路用journey，短途短期用trip；

观光游玩用tour，海上航行用voyage；

travel用法最普遍，特别用于指“游记”。

用voyage，trip，tour，journey与travel填空

[即境活用1]

(1)Do you like a day's________？

(2)We'll make a sightseeing________next week. (3)They went on a long train________across India. (4)The novel is based on his________along the Silk Road. (5)The Titanic sank on its maiden________. 答案：(1)trip

(2)tour

(3)journey

(4)travels

(5)voyage 2．mercy

(1)n.[U]仁慈；宽恕

They showed no mercy to their hostages. 他们对人质丝毫不讲仁慈。

(2)n.[C]幸运；恩惠

It's a mercy that the explosion happened after the theatre.爆炸发生在散戏以后，真是不幸中之大幸。

at one's mercy

在某人的支配和摆布之下

宽恕或怜悯某人

毫不留情地

……真是幸运

have mercy on sb.

show mercy to sb.without mercy

It's a mercy that ...

We had no choice and had to be at the mercy of the sea. 我们别无选择，只好任由大海的摆布。

She treated her stepson without mercy. 她毫不留情地对待她的继子。

完成句子

[即境活用2]

(1)We were________________________(拿天气没办法)．

(2)______________(幸运的是)she wasn't seriously hurt. (3)We show______________(决不怜悯)the enemies of the people. 答案：(1)at the mercy of the weather

(2)It's a mercy that

(3)no mercy to 3．minimum

(1)n.[C]最小量，最小数，最低限度，最小值

You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination.

你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。

The minimum pass mark in the examinations is 60 out of 100.考试的最低及格分数是100分中答对60分。

(2)adj.最小的，最少的，最低的

a minimum charge/price最低收费/价格

最大值与最小值

max最大值→[英]maximum n.最大值[数字]

min最小值→[英]minimum n.最小值

上面两词的复数是变um为a或直接加s。

完成句子

[即境活用3]

(1)The work was done with__________________________(没费什么劲)．

(2)The class needs________________________________(最少6名学生)to continue. (3)As__________________________(绝对最低要求)，you should spend two hours on the evening studying. 答案：(1)the minimum amount of effort

(2)a minimum of six students

(3)an absolute minimum 4．horizon n．[C]地平线；(常pl.)视野，眼界，见识

The sun sank below the horizon. 太阳落到了地平线下。

on the horizon

broaden one's horizons

很可能即将发生；已露端倪

开阔某人的眼界

She wanted to travel to broaden her horizons. 她想旅行，以开阔眼界。

完成句子

[即境活用4]

(1)He was sent to America ____________________ (为了开阔视野)．

(2)A financial crisis is__________________(即将爆发)．

答案：(1)to broaden his horizons

(2)on the horizon 5．nowhere adv.无处，任何地方都不；无目的；无结果

He is nowhere to be seen.任何地方都见不着他。

That will take (get) you nowhere. 你那样做不会成功的。(那会使你一事无成)。

nowhere near

离……很远

be nowhere

nowhere 一无所得，一事无成

为否定副词，放于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。

I regret to tell you that nowhere is the book to be found. 我很遗憾地告诉你这本书在任何地方都找不着了。

[即境活用5]

Nowhere________policy more apparent than in agriculture. A．is the effect of government B．the effect of government is C．are the effect of government D．the effect of government are 解析：选A

nowhere为否定副词，放于句首时，句子要用倒装语序，此句子的主语为the effect of government policy，所以句子的谓语要用单数。

6．secure

(1)adj.安全的，可靠的；无忧虑的，安心的(from) It's lucky that our house is secure from flood. 很幸运我们的房子没有被淹的危险。

At last they were able to feel secure about the future. 他们终于觉得不必为将来而担忧了。

(2)vt.使安全，保卫(from) Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood.这道堤防需要采取一些措施，免得被洪水冲坏。

securely adv.

security n.

牢固地，稳固地

保护措施，保安部门

完成句子

[即境活用6]

(1)安装了锁和防护栏后，窗户很安全了，能避免小偷偷东西。

The windows____________________thieves with locks and bars. (2)She'd allowed herself into________________________(一种虚假的安全感中)．

答案：(1)were secured from

(2)a false sense of security 7．precise adj.准确的，精确的，明确的，细致的，认真的

Can you give a more precise definition of the word? 你能给这个词下个更确切的定义吗？

Doctors found it hard to establish the precise nature of her illness.医生们难以判定她的确切病因。

to be (more) precise

precisely adv.

more precisely

(更)确切地说，(更)准确地说

准确地，恰好地

更确切地说，更严格地说

This room is about 20 sqms—well,19.5 sqms，to be more precise. 这个房间约20平方米，嗯，更确切地说，19.5平方米。

accurate，precise，exact

(1)accurate准确的，无误的(＝correct，free of mistake)。

We need to get more accurate information. 我们需要得到一些更准确的情报。

(2)precise精密的，精确的(＝exact in form，detail，measurements，time，etc)。

There is no precise definition of a storm. 对暴风雨没有确切的定义。

(3)exact确切的，准确的[＝correct and without mistake (of things that can be measured)]。

She led rescuers to the exact spot where the injured climber was lying. 她把援救人员领到受伤的登山者所躺的准确位置。

注意：precise，correct，exact都不用来形容天气预报。

[即境活用7]

The shelf is about a metre long.Well,98 cm，________. A．precise

C．to be precise

B．precisely D．to be precisely 解析：选C

to be precise为一固定搭配，意为“确切地说，准确地说”。

8．simplify v．使简化，使简易

The application forms have now been simplified. 申请表格现已简化了。

I hope his appointment will simplify matters. 我希望他被任命以后事情会好办一些。

simplification n．简化，简化的事物

simplicity n．简单(性)，质朴，简单之处，方便

[形]simple简单的反义词complicated复杂的

[动]simplify简化反义词complicate使复杂化

[形]simple单一的反义词complex复杂的，合成的

[名]simplicity简易性反义词complexity复杂性

完成句子

[即境活用8]

(1)Complaints have led to__________________________(规则简化)．

(2)This is a kind of________________________________(故事简写本)for young children. 答案：(1)(a) simplification of rules

(2)simplified version of the story 9．update v．使现代化，更新，向……提供信息

It's high time we updated our software. 我们的软件应该更新了。

update sb.on sth.

update on sth.

up to date

向……提供最新信息

关于……的最新情况

最新的

I called the office to update them on the day's developments.我给办公室打电话告诉他们当天最新的发展。

[即境活用9]

He wrote a letter to me and updated me________the recent activities of himself. A．with

C．of

B．to D．on 解析：选D

update sb.on sth.为一固定表达，意为“向……提供最新信息”，符合语境。

[短语精析]

1．work out算出，制定出，处理，解决，锻炼

It'll work out cheaper to travel by bus. 算起来还是乘公共汽车旅游便宜些。

Can you work out the problem? 你能处理这个问题吗？

I couldn't work out where the music was coming from. 我弄不清这音乐是从哪里传来的。

I have worked out a new way of doing it. 我想出了做这事的一个新方法。

out of work

at work

He has been out of work for months. 他失业已经好几个月了。

失业

在工作；上班

work at，work on，work out

(1)work at“从事于，致力于”，强调从事创新活动，可与hard搭配。

(2)work on“从事于，致力于”，强调恪守不变的持续性；一般只用于进行时或完成时。

(3)work out“解出，算出”，强调结果。

用on，at与out填空

[即境活用10]

(1)She was working________her hair in front of the mirror.

(2)You should work________a plan for study as soon as possible. (3)If he goes on working hard________his lessons，he'll surely make progress. (4)They are working________a report of the experiment. (5)I will have to work________till the report is ready. 答案：(1)on

(2)out

(3)at

(4)on

(5)on 2．be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

Cloth is used to make clothes.布料被用来做衣服。

get/become used to (doing) sth.

used to

There used to be...

be used for...

be used as

逐渐习惯于(做)某事

过去常常(做某事) 过去常常有……

被用于……

被当作……来用

This room is used for reading.这个房间用于阅读。

Don't be used as a tool by others. 别让他人把你当作工具而使用。

There used to be an old bridge over the river. 以前在这条河上有座古老的桥。

used to do，be used to，be used to do

(1)used to do表过去习惯化的动作或经常存在的状态。

I used to go to office on foot. 过去我步行去上班。

(2)be/get/become used to...表示“习惯于……”，to为介词，后接(动)名词。

I've got used to living in the countryside. 我习惯于住在乡下。

(3)be used to do为被动语态，表示被用来干某事。

This big box is used to hold all her books.

这个大箱子用来盛她所有的书籍。

[即境活用11]

The country life he was used to________greatly since 1992. A．change

C．changing

B．has changed D．have changed 解析：选B

he was used to在句中作定语，修饰life，to的宾语是引导宾语从句的that，省略了，所填答案是句子的谓语。

3．in relation to关于，和……相比

I have some comments to make in relation to this matter.关于这件事我有几点看法。

Its brain is small，in relation to its body. 和它的身体相比，它的大脑很小。

have good relations with

bear no relation to

be related to

与……保持着良好的关系

与……没有关系

与……有关

They have good relations with their neighbours. 他们与邻居关系融洽。

完成句子

[即境活用12]

(1)I have nothing further to say______________________ (关于)this matter. (2)The conference ________________ (与……有关) environmental protection. 答案：(1)in relation to

(2)is related to

[句型归纳]

1．How do_you_think seamen found their way before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented？你认为在现代准确的航海技术发明之前水手们是怎样航行的？

本句是含有do you think的双重疑问句；其结构为：特殊疑问词＋do you think＋其他成分。

Which do you think was easier to work out；latitude or longitude？你认为经度和纬度哪一个更容易算出来？

(1)用该句式结构的动词除think外，还有believe，suppose等。

(2)do you know后接特殊疑问句时不需要把特殊疑问词提前。

[即境活用13]

________ difficult in learning English? A．What do you think is

C．What is you think

B．What you think is D．What is do you think 解析：选A

在含有I think为插入语的句子变为特殊疑问句时，其结构为：疑问词＋do you think＋其他成分。

2．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made_it_possible_to_plot_a_ship's_position_on_a_map.

我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。

句中make后的it为形式宾语，代替不定式to plot a ship's position on a map；possible为宾语补足语；不定式为真正的宾语。类似用法的动词还有find, consider, think等。

Sometimes he considers it very hard to get along with Fellows. 有时他觉得很难与弗洛斯相处。

She soon found it possible to do this regularly. 很快她发现经常干这事是有可能的。

完成句子

[即境活用14]

你所做的使得我能从容地提前完成此事。

What you did______________________ for me________ it ahead of time. 答案：made it easy；to finish 3．This seems to_have_been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk.这似乎已是最早的、最有用的探险方式，所冒的风险也最小。

to have done为不定式的完成时态，表示发生在谓语动词所表达的动作之前的动作。动词不定式的完成时态的被动式为to have been done。

We were proud to have found the cave carvings. 我们为我们发现了岩洞雕刻而感到骄傲。

It's not like her to have missed two days of classes. 缺两天课这样的事不像是她干的。

He is said to have been appointed to go to Africa. 据说他已被派往非洲。

[即境活用15]

Robert is said________abroad，but I don't know what country he studied in. A．to have studied

C．to be studying

B．to study D．to have been studying

解析：选A

通过后半句中的宾语从句what country he studied in用了过去式可知，Robert在国外学习是过去的事，所以用不定式的完成式。

4．Nobody knew that the earth moved westwards 15 degrees every hour，but sailors did_know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time.以前没有人知道地球每小时向西移15度，然而海员们确实知道用速度和时间来计算经度的近似标准的方法。

本句中know前面的did用来表示强调。通常一般现在时强调谓语动词需要在动词的前面加do(第三人称单数用does)，一般过去时中，在动词前加did。

Do come here this evening.今晚一定要来。

He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写信了。

Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆确实学习很努力。

[即境活用16]

However，an terrible accident________yesterday. A．did happen

C．happens

B．does happen D．do happen 解析：选A

由句中的时间状语yesterday可知A项正确。did happen为谓语的强调形式。

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The railway run________(沿着) the road. 答案：alongside 2．________(探测) of the solar system began in the 19th century. 答案：Exploration 3．The project will take six months，as an absolute________ (最小量)．

答案：minimum 4．Travelling has really helped to expand her ________ (眼界)．

答案：horizon 5．A large white bird flew silently________ (在头顶上)．

答案：overhead 6．The increased capital could greatly a________ economic development. 答案：accelerate

7．The important thing is that children feel s________ about being loved. 答案：secure 8．The sentences are numbered for ease of r________. 答案：reference 9．In spite of all her s________，she's still the best teacher the school has. 答案：shortcomings 10．The English in this story has been s________ to make it easier to understand. 答案：simplified Ⅱ.选词填空

at the mercy of，on the horizon，in relation to，work out，rather than

1．Women's earnings are still very low____________________ men's. 答案：in relation to 2．The sun is rising ____________________. 答案：on the horizon 3．UN negotiators have________________ a set of compromise proposal. 答案：worked out 4．I think you'd call it a lecture ________________ a talk. 答案：rather than 5．They were lost at sea，________________________ wind and weather. 答案：at the mercy of Ⅲ.完成句子

1．You may get __________________________________ (最少40英镑)a week doing this job. 答案：a minimum of ￡40 2．The key was______________________(到处都找不到)．

答案：nowhere to be found 3．He's________________(很笨)that he keeps dropping things. 答案：so awkward 4．It's________________(是不可靠的)to judge a man only by his looks. 答案：not reliable 5．The victim was able to____________________________(确切地描绘)of the suspect. 答案：give a precise description Ⅳ.句型转换

1．In addition to gene，intelligence also depends on an adequate diet，a good education and

a decent home environment. ____________________gene，intelligence also depends on an adequate diet，a good education and a decent home environment. 答案：As well as 2．After calculating for a long time he figured out a sum. After calculating for a long time he________________a sum. 答案：worked out 3．Science and technology has enabled modern industries to develop quickly. Science and technology has ______________________ modern industries to develop quickly. 答案：made it possible for 4．The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. The student________________________is my daughter. 答案：in white 5．I have a lot to say concerning that affair. I have a lot to say____________________that affair. 答案：in relation to Ⅴ.单项填空

1．Cars moved very slowly in the 1930s，but they ________faster than in the 1920s. A．were moving

C．had moved

B．did move D．would move 解析：选B

由时间状语in the 1930s可知，陈述的是过去的事实，所以用一般过去时，did move为谓语动词的强调形式。

2．Maybe you have been to many countries，but nowhere else ________such a beautiful palace. A．can you find

C．you can find

B．you could find D．could you find 解析：选A

本题考查由nowhere 引导的倒装句，故先排除B、C两项；前半句用了现在完成时，说明后面的句子是其造成的结果，故应用一般现在时。故选A项。

3．Our company has shown a(n) ________ to take off. A．tendency

C．intention

B．interest D．tenancy 解析：选A

show a tendency to do sth.意为“表现出做……的趋向”。

4．It's time that we________our furniture. A．update

B．updated

C．updates

D．would update 解析：选B

It's time that...句型中，that从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”或“过去式”，所以B项正确。

5．The problem is due to discipline or，________the lack of discipline，in schools. A．precise

C．more precise

B．precisely D．to be more precise 解析：选D

to be more precise为固定表达，常用作插入状语，意为“更确切地说，更严格地说”。

6．I know it's my fault, so I can't throw myself________your mercy. A．to

C．on

B．at D．with 解析：选C

throw oneself on sb.'s mercy为习语搭配，意为“指望某人能善待自己，请求某人的宽恕”。

7．A ship appeared________the horizon, but soon we lost sight of it. A．at

C．on

B．over D．above 解析：选C

on the horizon为固定表达，意为“在地平线上，即将发生”。

8．He seems________the good news，for he looks so happy. A．to know

C．to have known

B．to be knowing D．to be known 解析：选C

to have known为不定式的完成时，表示动作发生在谓语动词以前，符合此处句意。

9．________answer the teacher's question on verbs? A．Do you know how can we

B．How do you know can we C．Do you think how we can D．How do you think we can 解析：选D

do you think为插入语，通常用于特殊疑问词之后，后面的句子要用陈述句语序。

10．I don't think________possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A．this

C．its

B．that D．it 解析：选D

it为形式宾语，代替不定式，不定式为真正的宾语，possible为形容词作宾补。

Ⅵ.阅读理解

Scientists used to explore the surface of the ocean.Now they are exploring below the surface，too.They want to know about ocean water and the plant and animal life deep in the ocean. In 1934 the scientist William Beebe dived 3,000 feet below the surface in a hollow steel ball.In 1960 his son Jean dived to a depth of 35,800 feet. All these early dives were deep.But the divers could not stay down for very long.They had to come back up to surface after a few seconds.Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface.Gradually they succeeded.Cousteau，a Frenchman，was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week. Now scientists are developing even better equipment.With this new equipment，men can stay below the surface for days or even weeks.In 1962 Cousteau set up a research station 35 feet below the surface.Then，in 1964，he set up another station on the ocean floor of the Red Sea.This was the first undersea station to operate without help from the surface. Many countries are now studying undersea living.The former Soviet Union has an undersea laboratory in the Crimean Sea.The United States has a laboratory 50 feet down on the ocean floor off the Virgin Island.In 1970 five men lived there for two weeks.Then a team of five women scientists stayed in the laboratory.Next came other teams of men.All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources.Scientists hope to find enough mineral，vegetable，and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world. 1．In order to________，scientists are exploring below the surface of the ocean. A．know about the ocean water deep in the ocean B．stay down longer to study life of the plant and animal below the surface C．know about the plant and animal life deep in the ocean D．Both A and C 解析：选D

细节理解题。根据第一段可知，D项包括了A项和C项的内容，这正是科学家探测海洋深处的目的。

2．Who set up the first undersea station? A．A Frenchman. B．An American. C．A Russian. D．The passage made no mention. 解析：选A

细节理解题。第四段告诉我们，最早建立海底站的是法国人Cousteau。

3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．The early divers could not stay down for very long.

B．Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory. C．The purpose of setting up the undersea laboratories is to make plans for the use of the resources in the ocean.

D．None of the above is true. 解析：选A

细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，A项正确。

4．The author wants to tell us________. A．that scientists try to explore the ocean depths B．that scientists try to make use of resources in the ocean

C．about the secret of the plant and animal life in the ocean

D．Both A and B. 解析：选D

细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知A项正确；由最后一段倒数第二句可知B项正确。故选D项。