Learning about Language第二课时教学设计

Book 4 Unit 2 Working the land

Grammar: The –ing form as the subject and object

I. Teaching aims:

Enable the students know the grammar——The –ing form as the subject and object. II. Teaching important points & Teaching difficult points Let the students mater the use of The –ing form as the subject and object.

III. Teaching methods 1. Task-based teaching and learning 2. Cooperative learning and practice

3. Discussion IV. Teaching procedures Step1. Explanation

1. 动名词的定义

它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。

2. 动名词时态和语态的变化

类

别

及

物

形式

一般式

完成式

主

动

doing

having done 动

词

被

动

being

done

having been done 不及物动词

主

动

doing

Having done 3. V-ing形式的构成方式：

(1).在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾

–ing。

eg.

go – going; do – doing; ask – asking ;study – studying; carry – carrying; worry – worrying;

(2).在以不发音的e 结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加- ing。

eg.

come – coming

live – living

dance – dancing

make – making

（3）.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加

–ing.

dig cut stop put digging

sit run let wrap

get swim set skip

（4）.在少数几个以

–ie 结尾的动词后：须将–ie 变作y，再加- ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明) eg. die – dying; tie – tying lie – lying

4. 动名词能在句中充当什么成分？

动名词在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语

Step2.Presentation 1.动名词做主语

（1）Translate the following sentences:

阅读是一门艺术。Reading is an art.

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爬山真是有趣。

Climbing mountains is really fun.

游泳是我最喜欢的运动。Swimming is my favorite sport. 早起是一个好的习惯。Getting up early is a good habit.

Tips: 直接位于句首做主语。

（2）Translate the following sentences: 和她争吵是没有用的。

It’s no use arguing with her. 吸烟是没有好处的，你最好放弃。

It’s no good smoking, you’d better give it up. 在这里等着是浪费时间。

It’s a waste of time waiting here. Tips :使用形式主语it，而将动名词句尾。

动名词作主语的形式主语句型

1.It is no use /good doing….

2.It is not any use/good doing….

3.It is worthwhile doing….

4.It is hardly worth doing….

5.There is no doing….

6.It’s a waste of time doing….

eg.It’s no good telling her all the truth.

It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.

It is worthwhile trying this experiment. It’s a waste of time arguing

about it.

There is no talking what will happen

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2. 动名词做宾语

1）作动词的宾语

（金版教程学生用书对应单元语法）

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如：

They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。

为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：

后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：

避免，错过，（少）延期avoid, miss, postpone/put off 建议，完成，（多）练习suggest, finish, practice 喜欢，想象，禁不住enjoy, imagine, can’t help 承认，否定，（又）妒忌admit, deny, envy 逃避，冒险，（多）原谅escape, risk, excuse 忍受，保持，（不）介意stand, keep, mind 2）作介词的宾语

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活？

Despite lacking money, his parents sent him to a good university. He was late again because of getting up late. Lock the doors and windows before going out.

What/How about the two of us playing games？

注意：

to 在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。

be/get used to

look forward to

get down to

pay attention to

devote oneself to

lead to

contribute to

object to（反对）

eg: Let’s get down to preparing for the exam 3) 动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：give up, can’t help, feel like, be worth, be busy, set about, put off, think of，insist on等

eg: She can’t help crying at the sad sight.

Do you feel like having a break? 4)

既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不同。

I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)

I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生) 第

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1．remember/forgetto dodoing 动作尚未发生动作已经发生2. tryto do 设法、努力去做，尽力doing 试试去做（看有何结果）3. meanto do 打算做（主语一般是人）doing 意味着（主语一般是物）to do对将要做的事抱歉4.regretdoing 对已经发生的事感到后悔to do停下去做另外一件事5. stop doing 停止做手头的事情

5）allow, advise, forbid, permit + doing

allow, advise, forbid, permit +sb. +to do

eg. We don’t allow smoking here.

We don’t allow students to smoke.

6)

need, require, want + doing (主动形式表被动意义)

to be done

eg. The window needs/ requires/ wants cleaning. to be cleaned. 7)

love, like, prefer, hate, + doing 表示一般倾向性.

to do表示一次具体动作

eg.

I like chatting on the Internet.

I like to go to the cinema tonight. 8)

begin, start, continue + doing / to do 区别不大.

如果谈论一项长期的或习惯的动作,常用doing.

eg. She starts making preparations at eight every day.

I was beginning to get worried.

She began to understand what they really wanted.

The meat began to give off a bad smell.

Step 3. Practice

（完成金版教程学生用书对应单元语法练习）

Step4 Homework 1.

Prepare for the next period. 2.

Review today’s content & finish the exercises in your workbook.

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