Learning about Language教学设计方案

名词性从句

教学目标：

1．了解句子的语序问题。

2．关联词用法的区分。

3. 用it代替主语从句或宾语从句。

4．同位语从句和定语从句的区别。

【定义】

名词性从句主要起名词所起的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的—个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化，但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这一部分内容主要从以下几个方面设置陷阱。

一、语序问题

在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其他部分应用陈述句的语序，而同学们往往使用疑问句的语序，特别是在以wh-引起的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键就是要找准从句的主语。例如：

1.

Can you make sure _________ the gold ring?

A. where Alice had put

B. where had Alice put

C. where Alice has put

D. where has Alice put

答案: C。

2.

No one can be sure _________ in a million years.

A. what man will look like

B. what will man look like

C. man will look like what

D. what look will man like

答案: A。

二、用it代替主语从句或宾语从句

为了使句子结构保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，但what，whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。例如：

I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it

B. that

C. these

D. them [解析]答案：A。此题考查了it作先行词代替宾语从句，而把宾语从句放在句末。其他人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句。

再如：

1.

_________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It 答案:D。

2.

Does _________ matter if he can' t finish the job on time?

A. this

B. that

C. he

D. it

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三、名次从句的分类

1、主语从句

whatever，whoever，whichever引导的主语从句的区分。whatever相当于anything that，是what的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。例如：

Whatever she does is ridiculous．

whoever相当于anyone who，是who的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何……的人都”。例如：

Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold．

whichever“无论哪个；无论哪些”，既指人，也指物；可以单独使用，可以修饰名词，也可以后跟of短语。例如：

①Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others．

②Whichever book you borrow doesn’t matter to us．

2、宾语从句

1．

desire，demand，insist(坚决要求)，order，request，suggest(建议)，propose等表示建议、要求、命令之类的词后面的宾语从句用should＋动词原形；或者省略should，直接用动词原形。

但是insist作“坚持说”；suggest作“暗示，表明”时，都不用虚拟语气。例如：

①He insisted that we (should) go at once．

②The boy insisted that he didn’t do that．

③I suggest we (should) not go climbing this Sunday．

④The smile on his face suggested that he was very happy to have．

⑤given his life for his country．

2．

wish，would rather，would prefer后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时常用过去时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用过去完成时。例如：

①I wish l were as rich as a millionaire．

②I would rather I hadn’t done that before．

③I would prefer he came tomorrow．

3、表语从句

reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，不能用why引导，但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。例如：

The reason why we didn’t trust him is that he has often lied．

4、同位语从句

1．

能跟同位语从句的名词。

idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt等名词后面，可以跟that或者连接代词、连接副词引导的同位语从句。同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面的名词的具体含义。例如：

①We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own．

②They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again．

2.

同位语从句和定语从句的区别。

that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，that在定语从句中充当句子成分，在从句中作

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宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句：

The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good．(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)

The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good．(that引导同位语从句)

I had no idea that you were here．(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)

Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)

【热点训练】

1.

Mary wrote an article on ________ the team had failed to win the game.

(2005 年全国Ⅰ)

A. why

B. what

C. who

D. that 2.

The poor young man is ready to accept ________ help he can get.

(2005 年全国Ⅱ

)

A. whichever

B. however

C. whatever

D. whenever 3.

________ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

(2005 年上海)

A. What is required B. What requires

C. It is required

D. It requires 4.

Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ________ acure for AIDS will be found.

(2005 年广东)

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether 5.

The question is ________ the film is worth seeing.

A. if

B. what

C. whether

D. how 6.

One of the men held the view ________ the book said was fight.

A. that what

B. what that

C. that

D. whether 7.

They received orders ________ the work be done at once. A. which

B. when

C. /

D. that 8.

He often thinks of ________ he can do more for his country.

A. what

B. how

C. that

D. which 9.

The stepmother was punishing the poor girl, but she insisted that she ________ the flower vase.

A. didn' t break

B. not break

C. doesn' t break

D. shouldn' t break 10.

Rose looks pale. What do you think ________ to her ?

A. that has happened

B. to have happened

C. that has been happened

D. has happened 11.

I wish it ________ fine tomorrow.

A. would be

B. will be

C. is

D. to being 12.

He has come, but I didn' t know that he ________ until yesterday.

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A. is coming

B. will come

C. was coming

D. Wash' t coming 13.

Energy is ________ makes things work.

A. what

B. everything

C. something

D. anything 14.

The reason ________ I have to go is ________ my mother is ill in bed. A. why ;why

B. why ;because

C. why ;that

D. that ;because 15.

He doesn't think the question of ________ they are men or women is important. A. whether

B. if

C. which

D. why

【参考答案】

1．A

解析：该题考查的是介词宾语从句的用法，正确选择连接词的能力。句意：玛丽写了一篇文章是关于为什么这个队没能赢比赛的原因。

2．C

解析：本题考查名词性从句的宾语从句，只有whatever后才可接help且符合句意。

3．C

解析：本题考查主语从句。句意：规定要求你不应该告诉他人你的e-mail密码。根据句子结构，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句，主语从句与require之间是动宾关系。

4．B

解析：考查名词性从句。that引导从句作doubt的同位语，解释doubt的具体内容。易混淆的答案为D，主要原因是考生把doubt whether和doubt that混淆了，doubt that通常用于否定句和疑问句中，doubt whether用于肯定句中。

5．C

解析：根据句意，选whether引导表语从句，表示“是否”。

6．A

解析：that引导同位语从句，what引导名词性从句，作整个

that从句的主语。

7．D

解析：that引导同位语从句，作order的同位语。

8．B

解析：因为从句中缺状语，所以应用how引导名词性从句，此处more作do的宾语，如果去掉more，则应选what。

9．A

解析：insist在这里应表示坚持一种事实情况，不用虚拟语气；如果表示坚持一种观点、看法则应用"should＋动词原形”。

10．D

解析：what作do you think后面的宾语从句的主语，所以应选谓语动词D。

11．A

解析：wish后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气。

12．C

解析：主句使用了过去时didn't know，所以宾语从句应用过去将来时，而不能用一般将来时。

13．A

解析：what引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，如选

something则后面还应再加that引导定语从句，that在从句中作主语。

14．C

解析：reason后面可跟why引导定语从句，但应跟that引导表语从句。

15．A

解析：whether引导名词性从句，作介词of的宾语。

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