Learning about Language特级教师教学实录

第三课时Language Points Step I. 词汇探究 1. decrease v. 降低，减少，(使)变小，(使)变少 n.减少，降低

on the decrease 在减少中 decrease to 减少到 decrease by 减少了

decreasing adj. 减少中的，在递减的

【链接】反义词 increase increase to…增加到… increase by…增加了…

2. loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失；败北 lose vt. 丢失，损失 lost丢失的

He suffered a loss of 10,000 dollars on the business. 那笔生意中，他损失了10 000美元。

Our team has already had 3 losses.我们队已经败了三场了。

at a loss adj. 困惑，不知所措，adv. 亏本地

例句：

She was at a loss for an answer. 她不知如何回答才好。

that’s your/their loss 口语

那是你们的/他们的损失

Well, if he doesn’t want to come it’s his loss.

好吧，如果他不愿意来，那是他的损失。

respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应

① The disease responds to the drug.该病对这种药显出良好的反应。

② He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.他对我的建议报以大笑。

辨析：respond指对他人的期望等在行动上做出的反应

answer 指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通用词

reply指对他人的问题、要求所作的相应的答复

即景活用：

—It is strange that Dave didn't respond ________ any of my emails. —Something must have happened to him. A．on B．with C．for D．to 解析：答案：D respond to...回复；对……作出反应。

4. mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯

show mercy to sb/have mercy on sb 对某人怜悯、仁慈

at the mercy of 任…处置；无能为力

without mercy 毫不留情地，残忍地

例句：They showed mercy to their enemies. 他们对敌人很仁慈。

The ship was at the mercy of the storm. 那只船在暴风雨中失去控制。

高手过招

①He went down on his knees and_____________. 他跪下来，乞求宽恕。

②They _____________ the poor father and daughter. 他们不怜悯这对可怜的父女。have no mercy on ③I shouldn't like to be ____________ such a cruel man. 我不想任由这个残忍的家伙摆布。

④ _________________ she wasn't seriously hurt. 幸运的是她伤势不重。

答案：begged for mercy、have no mercy on、at the mercy of、It is a mercy that 5. certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定 for certain确定的，确实的 make certain弄清楚，弄确实 be certain to do 一定会做某事 be certain of确信…

同意辨析：certain和sure certain的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，而sure的主语通常为指人的词。

即景活用

(1) There is ________ at the door who wants to speak to you. A．some men B．a some man C．certain men D．a certain man 解析：答案D。由there be句型中的is可知空中应用单数名词；而some与单数名词连用时，不用a。some man＝a certain man“某个人”。

(2 ) It is ________ that the Chinese ping－pong team will win the prize.

A．sure B．necessary C．regular D．certain 解析：答案D。It is certain that...确信……。句意为：看来中国乒乓球队有得奖的把握。

6. contain vt. 包含；容纳

辨析：contain表示某物容纳比其小的物品，强调内容或内含物/成分。

include指包括作为整体的一个部分或要素。

高手过招：

①The Chinese diet _______ a lot of fruit and green vegetables. 中国的饮食包括很多水果和绿色蔬菜。

②I couldn't _______ myself at the sight of him. 一见到他我就控制不住自己。

③The hall can ___________ 3,000 people. 这个大厅可以容纳3000人。

④There are 40 students in this class, _________ one from America. 这个班有40个学生，包括一个美国学生。 contains, contain, contain/hold/seat/admit, including 7. appreciate vt. 鉴赏；感激；意识到

1) 感激；感谢

e.g. I appreciate your help. 我感谢你的帮助。

2) 鉴赏；欣赏；赏识

e.g. Do you appreciate good wine? 你会鉴赏好酒吗？

3) 察觉；意识到

e.g. We appreciate the danger ahead. 我们意识到危险临头。

高手过招：

He __________ your talents. 他欣赏你的才能。

I greatly ____________ your help. 我非常感激你的帮助。

I __________ your making the effort to come. 非常感激你能来。

I’ll __________ it if you help me with my English. 如果你能帮我学英语，我将不胜感激。

appreciates, appreciate, appreciated, appreciate 8. succeed vi. 成功vt. 接替；继任 success n. (u)成功；（c)成功的人或事 adj. successful succeed in (doing)sth.成功地做了某事 succeed sb.as…接替某人当……

即景活用：

The English have every reason to believe that ________2012 London Olympic Games will be ________ success. A．不填；a B．the；不填 C．the；a D．a；a 解析：句意：英国人有理由相信2012年伦敦奥运会将会取得成功。在由普通名词构成的专有名词前用定冠词the。success表“成功”的概念时为不可数名词，

但作“成功的人”或“成功的事”讲时为可数名词，前面须加不定冠词“a”表泛指，故选C。

9. harm vt. n. 损害；危害 adj. harmful Noise can harm our health. 噪音有损你的健康。

Reading in the sun does/causes harm to your eyes.在阳光下阅读对你的眼睛有坏处。

=Reading in the sun does/causes your eyes harm. =Reading in the sun is harmful to your eyes. 【链接】：do sb. good=do good to sb.对某人有好处

do sb. wrong=do wrong to sb.冤枉某人

Step II. 短语储存

1.die out 灭绝；逐渐消亡/熄灭

【链接】：die of 因…而死(内因) die from因…而死；死于(外因) 辨析：die out （家族、物种等）死亡、灭绝

die away (声音、光线、风等)逐渐平息、渐弱

die off (家族、种族等)相继灭亡；(草木)先后枯死

die down(火、兴奋程度)渐弱、渐息

It took a long time for the excitement to________.

A．die out B．die off C．die down D．die away 解析：答案C。从句子所提供的语境以及四个短语动词的用法来分析，此处用die down，表示“兴奋的心情渐渐平静下来”。

2.in danger(of)在危险中；垂危

辨析：in danger指主语处于危险状态中，意为“在危险中”

Dangerous指主语对别人有危害，意为“危险的”。

The little girl was ______ losing her life，but she is now________. A．in the danger of；out of danger B．in danger of；out of the danger C．in the danger of；out of the danger D．in danger of；out of danger 解析：答案D。in danger (of)表示“处境危险，有……的危险”；out of danger意为“脱离危险”。注意在这两个介词短语中，danger前习惯上不用冠词。

3. protect…from…保护…不受…(危害) It’s important to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun. 保护你的皮肤免受阳光的伤害是很重要的。

【链接】：keep…from doing sth.

stop…(from )doing sth.阻止…做某事

prevent…(from)doing.

4. pay attention to注意

提醒：to在这儿是介词。

搭配：pay much attention to 非常注意 pay more attention to 更多关注

pay little/no attention to 很少/不注意

（1）Please pay attention to this clause in the sentence.请注意看句中的这个从句。

（2）Please pay attention to the difference between the two words.请注意这两个词之间的区别。

（3）You must pay attention to your teacher in the class. 上课的时候必须专心听老师讲课。

【链接】：draw/attract/catch/get one’s attention to…吸引某人对…的注意

fix/focus one’s attention on…将注意力集中于、专心于

devote one’s attention to…专心致志于

turn one’s attention to…将某人的注意力转向…

5. “with＋复合结构”在句中多作状语，也可以作定语。

此结构中常见的宾语补足语形式有：

V-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、名词

高手过招

The driver went to the town for help，with the passengers________(wait)in the bus. 答案：waiting With the luggage________(lay)on the platform，he fell asleep on the bench aside. 答案：laid 6. in relief 如释重负 relief from sth. 减轻……

e.g. The drug gives some relief from pain. 这种药可以减轻一些痛苦。

7. burst into laughter 突然笑起来 习惯用语 burst in闯入; 突然出现; 突然发作

burst out大呼; 惊叫; 冲出; 突然发作

burst into 突然

e.g. The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飞机突然坠地起火。

● 巩固训练

一. 翻译下面单词和短语

1. 结果___________________ 2. 自豪_________________________ 3. 穿衣___________________ 4. 习惯于_______________________

5. 关心___________________ 6. 尽管 ________________________ 7. 推迟___________________ 8. 申请_________________________ 9. 在开发中_______________ 10. 关注________________________ 11. 对…起作用_______ 12. 灭绝 _______________________ 13. 产生__________________ 14. 保护…免受__________________ 15. 保护区________________ 16. 平静地 _____________________ 17. 强大的________________ 18. 容器________________________ 二. 用以上单词和短语填空

1. The tour companies _____________ to be allowed to hunt for a fee, which made a lot of money for the farmers. 2. The drug has an immediate _______________________ on the patient. 3. People held completely different views, and___________________, the discussion came to nothing. 4. They did not want to protect us ________________ tourists love to see us。

5. He’s ___________________ his father being a famous scientist.

6. National natural _______________________ should not be opened to tourists. Do you agree? 7. Daisy hurried to _______________________ and put on her jeans and sweater. 8. I believe that you __________________________ animals and plants disappearing.

三. 完成句子

1. 尽管我有些观点跟他不同，我喜欢与他一起干活。

I enjoy working with him,__________________________________________. 2. 你知道恐龙为什么在大约65万年前突然灭绝了？

Do you know ________________________________________about 65 million years ago? 3. 你还知道那些其他濒临灭绝的物种吗？

What other ___________________________________________ do you know? 4. 我们能做些什么来保护麋鹿，使他们不会再次消失？

What can we do _______________________________________ disappearing again? 5. 人们相信，总有一天会有足够多的动物再次在野外生活。

It __________________________ one day there will be enough animals living in the wild again. 6. 从现在起，我将更加关注野生动植物的保护。

I will ______________________________ wildlife protection _______________. 7. 我午饭更喜欢吃蛋糕，不喜欢吃面条。

I ____________________ some cakes for my lunch _________________ noodles.

答案：

一. 翻译下面单词和短语

1. as a result 2. be proud of 3. get dressed 4. get used to 5. be concerned about 6. even though 7. delay 8. apply 9. under development 10. pay attention to 11. have effect on 12. dye out 13. come into being 14. protect from 15. protection zone 16. in peace 17. powerful 18. container 二. 用以上单词和短语填空

1. applied 2. effect 3.as a result 4. even though 5. proud of 6. protection zones 7. get dressed 8. are concerned about 三. 完成句子

1. even though I don’t agree with him on some points.

2.why dinosaurs died out suddenly 3. endangered species 4. to protect the Milu Dear from 5. is hoped that 6. pay more attention to from now on. 7. would prefer rather than