Learning about Language课时教学实录

书面表达系列讲练之赢取高分策略

胡梦君

一.NMET考试大纲对书面表达的要求

书面表达：高考英语作文的关键在于通顺流畅。写作过程中，要处理好三个问题：

1. 遣词造句：始终选用自己最熟悉的词语和句型以及自己最有把握的表达形式。

2. 变换句式：如强调句、倒装句、被动句、非限制性定语从句和固定句型等。

3. 过渡自然：在句与句、段与段之间恰当使用一些过渡词会使文章增色。

文章写成后，要通读全文，仔细检查语言是否通畅，有无遗漏要点等。

在书面表达中，一定要做到：切中题义；中心明确，避免画蛇添足；语言通顺，表达流畅；书写规范，卷面干净。

二.各档次作文的评分标准

第五档：（25-30分）

完全完成了试题规定的任务。

—

覆盖所有内容要点。

—

应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。

—

词法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。

—

有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第四档：(19-24分) 完成了试题规定的任务。

—

虽漏掉了一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。

—

应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

—

语法结构和词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法机构或词汇

所致。

—

应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。

达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档（（13-18分）

基本完成了试题规定的任务。

—

虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。

—

应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。

—

有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。

—

应用简单的词语间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。

整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档（7-12分）

未恰当完成试题规定任务。

—

漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。

—

语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。

—

有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。

—

较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。

信息未能清楚地传达给读者。

第一档：（1-6分）

未完成试题规定的任务。

—

明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是不理解试题要求。

—

语法结构单调，词汇知识有限。

—

较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。

—

缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。

信息未能传达给读者。

0分

未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判; 写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写

内容无法看清。

三.写作要求注意的要点

1.主要内容：

2.内容要点；

覆盖所有内容要点

3.词汇和语法的数量和准确性；

应用了较多的语法结构和词汇

4.上下文的连贯；

有效地使用了语句间的连接成分

5.语言的得体性

语言地道规范

五个步骤

1、审题

：

题材、人称、时态、要点

2、以词及点：用一两个单词或短语写出每句

话的细节要点。

3、联词成句：用联词成句的方法将上述要点的词语扩展成句子。

4、

联句成文

：

①主语和谓语

②背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）

③逻辑关系

④开头与结尾

⑤语篇衔接

5、检查修改，规范抄写

四.好文章的三个步骤

1.

Heading

点题；一两个句子；概括性；暗示性

2. Body

中心记述部分；层次分明

3. Ending

小结；呼应主题

五.增强书面表达效果的技巧

1.

使用较高级的词汇

词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志

2.

使用较丰富的句式

运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉

3.

使用恰当的连接词

使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。

六.丰富的句式：(常用到的句型结构）

利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思，能增加文章的文采。

1. 感叹句

e.g.

How happy I was when I

received your letter! 2. 强调句

e.g.

It was this young boy that helped the old granny.

I do hope you can come if possible.

3、 倒装句

e.g.

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

There comes the police car.

Hardly had they got to the station

when they met the young man. 4、 省略句

e.g. They read while walking or

riding on a bus.

Come to me if necessary. 5. with短语

e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with

a handbag in her hand. 6、 定语从句

e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes should be a place

where

we can find much useful information. Let’s come to the main teaching

building, at the back of which stands the school library. 7、

各种名词性从句

e.g. That’s what I should do. We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present. 8、 各种状语从句

e.g.

Time passed quickly

before we knew it.

The moment we reached the farm, we got down to harvesting. So long as we work harder at our lessons, we’ll catch up sooner or later.

Do call me before hand so that I can meet you at the airport.

They had to wait because the rain was getting more and more heavily. 七.Practice

怎样使用较丰富的句式

1 When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）. On his arriving, please give me an e-mail. 2.

To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. （使用名词性从句）

What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. 3. Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒装句) Weak as I am, I’ll make the effort. 4. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news

in the

newspaper.(使用强调句型)

It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.

5.I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气）

I couldn’t have passed the physics exam but for your help. 6. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用过去分词) Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab. 7. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式) Singing and laughing, they went back to school 8.

I won’t believe what he says. （使用状语从句）

No matter what he says, I won’t believe.

9.

If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句

Study hard and you’ll make rapid progress.

10.He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent

abroad. (使用倒装句) No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. 八.高考大纲中常用的连接词

1. 表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容

另外，还有：what is more; besides;also; moreover; in addition 2. 表示转折关系

但是，

然而，

相反：but; however; yet; instead; on the other hand; on the contrary. 3. 表示因果关系

因为，因此，since;now that; as; because (of ); so; thus; therefore; as a result;

4. 表示条件关系

如果，只要: if ;on condition ( that ); as long as

除非: unless=if …not…

否则: or else 5. 表示时间关系

当…

的时候

: when ; while 在…之后: after 在…之前: before

直到: until一…就…

: as soon as 后来，

然后: later; afterwards

不久: soon

近来: lately; recently自从…

:since

从那时起: from then on

6.

表示特定的顺序关系

首先，

最主要的: above all

其次: secondly

然后: then; next

最后: finally; in the end 7. 换一种方法表述

换句话说: in other words;

that is to say;

8. 进行举例说明

例如，比如: for instance; for example;

like; such as 9. 用于陈述事实

实际上: in fact; actually; as a matter of

fact

跟你说实话

: to tell you the truth 10. 对一个话题进行总结

总而言之，总的来说: on the whole; in short; all in all;

in general; in a word

11. 其它常用到的副词

Therefore ;

otherwise ; finally ;

furthermore ;Thus ;

namely ; although ; afterwards ; personally;

九.怎样使用较高级的词汇

1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable. 2.We all think he is a great man. We all think highly of him .

3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea.

A good idea suddenly struck me./A good idea occurred to me. 4.The students there needn’t pay for their books.

Books are free for the students there 5. As a result the plan was a failure. The plan turned out to be a failure. 6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow. At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow. She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music. 7. She went to Austria in order to study music.

The more he spoke, the more excited he felt. 8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. 10.

In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms. Our school is made up of twenty–six classrooms. 11.

You can find my house easily.

You’ll have no trouble finding my house. 十练兵

联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：

1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。

2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。

3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。

注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。

2）词数：100-120之间

1.学生文章：

Ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome to our school.This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978. People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.

The school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. They enjoy free education in it.

Thank you.

2.可改进作文

Ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome to our school! ①

This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ②

It has changed a lot since 1978 ③. People here ④

are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look. In the past, the school here was very small ⑤. ⑥

Now it has been

rebuilt. ⑦

The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys ⑧. It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨

They enjoy free education in it.

⑩

Thank you. 3.范文

Ladies and gentlemen,

Welcome to our school ! ①

This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ②

However, it has changed a lot since 1978 ③

and has been developing very fast. ④

People here live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look.

In the past, the school here was very small ⑤

and most children couldn’t afford to go to school. ⑥

But now it has been rebuilt ⑦

and the newly built teaching building ⑧

which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨

What’s more, they

enjoy free education.

⑩

May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you.